Preparation of Supercapacitors on Flexible Substrates with Electrodeposited PEDOT/Graphene Composites

ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

Volumn 7, Issue 40, 2015, Pages 22137-22147

  Lehtimäki, Suvi ^a   Suominen, Milla ^b   Damlin, Pia ^b   Tuukkanen, Sampo ^a   Kvarnström, Carita ^b   Lupo, Donald ^a  

^a TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

Author keywords

composite; electrodeposition; energy harvester; flexible substrate; graphene; PEDOT; supercapacitor

Indexed keywords

CAPACITORS; COMPOSITE MATERIALS; CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY; ELECTRIC DISCHARGES; ELECTRODEPOSITION; ELECTRODES; ELECTROLYTES; ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS; ELECTROOXIDATION; ENERGY HARVESTING; GRAPHENE; IONIC LIQUIDS; OXIDE FILMS; POLYMERIZATION; SOLAR CELLS; SUBSTRATES;

ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS; ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAYS; ENERGY HARVESTER; FLEXIBLE SUBSTRATE; GALVANOSTATIC DISCHARGE; PEDOT; POLY(3 ,4 ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE) (PEDOT); SUPER CAPACITOR;

COMPOSITE FILMS;

EID: 84944339285     PISSN: 19448244     EISSN: 19448252     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05937     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Zhan, Y.; Mei, Y.; Zheng, L. Materials Capability and Device Performance in Flexible Electronics for the Internet of Things J. Mater. Chem. C 2014, 2, 1220-1232 10.1039/C3TC31765J
2. Kötz, R.; Carlen, M. Principles and Applications of Electrochemical Capacitors Electrochim. Acta 2000, 45, 2483-2498 10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00354-6
3. Jost, K.; Stenger, D.; Perez, C. R.; McDonough, J. K.; Lian, K.; Gogotsi, Y.; Dion, G. Knitted and Screen Printed Carbon-Fiber Supercapacitors for Applications in Wearable Electronics Energy Environ. Sci. 2013, 6, 2698-2705 10.1039/c3ee40515j
4. Shi, S.; Xu, C.; Yang, C.; Li, J.; Du, H.; Li, B.; Kang, F. Flexible Supercapacitors Particuology 2013, 11, 371-377 10.1016/j.partic.2012.12.004
5. Pushparaj, V. L.; Shaijumon, M. M.; Kumar, A.; Murugesan, S.; Ci, L.; Vajtai, R.; Linhardt, R. J.; Nalamasu, O.; Ajayan, P. M. Flexible Energy Storage Devices Based on Nanocomposite Paper Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2007, 104, 13574-13577 10.1073/pnas.0706508104
6. Keskinen, J.; Sivonen, E.; Jussila, S.; Bergelin, M.; Johansson, M.; Vaari, A.; Smolander, M. Printed Supercapacitors on Paperboard Substrate Electrochim. Acta 2012, 85, 302-306 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.08.076
7. Lehtimäki, S.; Tuukkanen, S.; Pörhönen, J.; Moilanen, P.; Virtanen, J.; Honkanen, M.; Lupo, D. Low-cost, Solution Processable Carbon Nanotube Supercapacitors and Their Characterization Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 2014, 117, 1329-1334 10.1007/s00339-014-8547-4
8. Somov, A.; Ho, C. C.; Passerone, R.; Evans, J. W.; Wright, P. K. Towards Extending Sensor Node Lifetime with Printed Supercapacitors. Wireless Sensor Networks; Proceedings of the 9th European Conference (EWSN 2012), Trento, Italy, Feb 15-17, 2012; pp 212-227.
9. Lehtimäki, S.; Li, M.; Salomaa, J.; Pörhönen, J.; Kalanti, A.; Tuukkanen, S.; Heljo, P.; Halonen, K.; Lupo, D. Performance of Printable Supercapacitors in an RF Harvesting Circuit Int. J. Elect. Power Energy Syst. 2014, 58, 42-46 10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.01.004
10. Jayakumar, H.; Lee, K.; Lee, W. S.; Raha, A.; Kim, Y.; Raghunathan, V. Powering the Internet of Things. Proceedings of the 2014 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED '14), La Jolla, CA, Aug 11-13, 2014; pp 375-380.
11. Simon, P.; Gogotsi, Y. Materials for Electrochemical Capacitors Nat. Mater. 2008, 7, 845-854 10.1038/nmat2297
12. Snook, G. A.; Kao, P.; Best, A. S. Conducting-Polymer-Based Supercapacitor Devices and Electrodes J. Power Sources 2011, 196, 1-12 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.084
13. Chen, J.; Jia, C.; Wan, Z. Novel Hybrid Nanocomposite Based on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes/Graphene as Electrode Material for Supercapacitor Synth. Met. 2014, 189, 69-76 10.1016/j.synthmet.2014.01.001
14. Jacob, D.; Mini, P.; Balakrishnan, A.; Nair, S.; Subramanian, K. Electrochemical Behaviour of Graphene-Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Composite Electrodes for Supercapacitor Applications Bull. Mater. Sci. 2014, 37, 61-69 10.1007/s12034-013-0610-9
15. Kumar, A.; Singh, R. K.; Singh, H. K.; Srivastava, P.; Singh, R. Enhanced Capacitance and Stability of p-Toluenesulfonate Doped Polypyrrole/Carbon Composite for Electrode Application in Electrochemical Capacitors J. Power Sources 2014, 246, 800-807 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.07.121
16. Li, X.; Zhitomirsky, I. Capacitive Behaviour of Polypyrrole Films Prepared on Stainless Steel Substrates by Electropolymerization Mater. Lett. 2012, 76, 15-17 10.1016/j.matlet.2012.02.058
17. Li, Y.; Zhao, X.; Xu, Q.; Zhang, Q.; Chen, D. Facile Preparation and Enhanced Capacitance of the Polyaniline/Sodium Alginate Nanofiber Network for Supercapacitors Langmuir 2011, 27, 6458-6463 10.1021/la2003063
18. Laforgue, A.; Simon, P.; Sarrazin, C.; Fauvarque, J.-F. Polythiophene-Based Supercapacitors J. Power Sources 1999, 80, 142-148 10.1016/S0378-7753(98)00258-4
19. Elsenbaumer, R.; Jen, K. Y.; Oboodi, R. Processible and Environmentally Stable Conducting Polymers Synth. Met. 1986, 15, 169-174 10.1016/0379-6779(86)90020-2
20. Li, L.; Loveday, D. C.; Mudigonda, D. S.; Ferraris, J. P. Effect of Electrolytes on Performance of Electrochemical Capacitors Based on Poly[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)thiophene] J. Electrochem. Soc. 2002, 149, A1201-A1207 10.1149/1.1498840
21. Poverenov, E.; Li, M.; Bitler, A.; Bendikov, M. Major Effect of Electropolymerization Solvent on Morphology and Electrochromic Properties of PEDOT Films Chem. Mater. 2010, 22, 4019-4025 10.1021/cm100561d
22. Welton, T. Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 2071-2084 10.1021/cr980032t
23. Anderson, J. L.; Ding, J.; Welton, T.; Armstrong, D. W. Characterizing Ionic Liquids on the Basis of Multiple Solvation Interactions J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 14247-14254 10.1021/ja028156h
24. Chakrabarty, D.; Seth, D.; Chakraborty, A.; Sarkar, N. Dynamics of Solvation and Rotational Relaxation of Coumarin 153 in Ionic Liquid Confined Nanometer-Sized Microemulsions J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 5753-5758 10.1021/jp045715t
25. Damlin, P.; Kvarnström, C.; Ivaska, A. Electrochemical Synthesis and In Situ Spectroelectrochemical Characterization of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids J. Electroanal. Chem. 2004, 570, 113-122 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.03.023
26. Lu, W.; Fadeev, A. G.; Qi, B.; Smela, E.; Mattes, B. R.; Ding, J.; Spinks, G. M.; Mazurkiewicz, J.; Zhou, D.; Wallace, G. G.; MacFarlane, D. R.; Forsyth, S. A.; Forsyth, M. Use of Ionic Liquids for π-Conjugated Polymer Electrochemical Devices Science 2002, 297, 983-987 10.1126/science.1072651
27. Österholm, A. M.; Shen, D. E.; Dyer, A. L.; Reynolds, J. R. Optimization of PEDOT Films in Ionic Liquid Supercapacitors: Demonstration As a Power Source for Polymer Electrochromic Devices ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2013, 5, 13432-13440 10.1021/am4043454
28. Li, Z.; Cai, J.; Cizek, P.; Niu, H.; Du, Y.; Lin, T. A Self-Supported, Flexible, Binder-Free Pseudo-Supercapacitor Electrode Material with High Capacitance and Cycling Stability from Hollow, Capsular Polypyrrole Fibers J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 16162-16167 10.1039/C5TA03585F
29. Stenger-Smith, J. D.; Webber, C. K.; Anderson, N.; Chafin, A. P.; Zong, K.; Reynolds, J. R. Poly(3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene)-Based Supercapacitors Using Ionic Liquids as Supporting Electrolytes J. Electrochem. Soc. 2002, 149, A973-A977 10.1149/1.1485773
30. Liu, D. Y.; Reynolds, J. R. Dioxythiophene-Based Polymer Electrodes for Supercapacitor Modules ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2010, 2, 3586-3593 10.1021/am1007744
31. Wang, Y.-G.; Li, H.-Q.; Xia, Y.-Y. Ordered Whiskerlike Polyaniline Grown on the Surface of Mesoporous Carbon and its Electrochemical Capacitance Performance Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 2619-2623 10.1002/adma.200600445
32. Kovalenko, I.; Bucknall, D. G.; Yushin, G. Detonation Nanodiamond and Onion-Like-Carbon-Embedded Polyaniline for Supercapacitors Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20, 3979-3986 10.1002/adfm.201000906
33. 2 Nanoparticle Enrichment in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanowires for Electrochemical Energy Storage ACS Nano 2010, 4, 4299-4307 10.1021/nn1010182
34. Groenendaal, L.; Jonas, F.; Freitag, D.; Pielartzik, H.; Reynolds, J. R. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and Its Derivatives: Past, Present and Future Adv. Mater. 2000, 12, 481-494 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(200004)12:7<481::AID-ADMA481>3.0.CO;2-C
35. Groenendaal, L.; Zotti, G.; Aubert, P.-H.; Waybright, S. M.; Reynolds, J. R. Electrochemistry of Poly(3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene) Derivatives Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 855-879 10.1002/adma.200300376
36. Sun, Y.; Shi, G. Graphene/Polymer Composites for Energy Applications J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 231-253 10.1002/polb.23226
37. Dreyer, D. R.; Park, S.; Bielawski, C. W.; Ruoff, R. S. The Chemistry of Graphene Oxide Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010, 39, 228-240 10.1039/B917103G
38. Pei, S.; Cheng, H.-M. The Reduction of Graphene Oxide Carbon 2012, 50, 3210-3228 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.11.010
39. Meng, Y.; Wang, K.; Zhang, Y.; Wei, Z. Hierarchical Porous Graphene/Polyaniline Composite Film with Superior Rate Performance for Flexible Supercapacitors Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 6985-6990 10.1002/adma.201303529
40. Zhang, J.; Zhao, X. Conducting Polymers Directly Coated on Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets as High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 5420-5426 10.1021/jp211474e
41. Yu, C.; Ma, P.; Zhou, X.; Wang, A.; Qian, T.; Wu, S.; Chen, Q. All-Solid-State Flexible Supercapacitors Based on Highly Dispersed Polypyrrole Nanowire and Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 17937-17943 10.1021/am5059603
42. Lee, S.; Cho, M. S.; Lee, H.; Nam, J.-D.; Lee, Y. A Facile Synthetic Route for Well Defined Multilayer Films of Graphene and PEDOT via an Electrochemical Method J. Mater. Chem. 2012, 22, 1899-1903 10.1039/C1JM13739E
43. Choi, K. S.; Liu, F.; Choi, J. S.; Seo, T. S. Fabrication of Free-Standing Multilayered Graphene and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Composite Films with Enhanced Conductive and Mechanical Properties Langmuir 2010, 26, 12902-12908 10.1021/la101698j
44. Xu, Y.; Wang, Y.; Liang, J.; Huang, Y.; Ma, Y.; Wan, X.; Chen, Y. A Hybrid Material of Graphene and Poly(3,4-ethyldioxythiophene) with High Conductivity, Flexibility, and Transparency Nano Res. 2009, 2, 343-348 10.1007/s12274-009-9032-9
45. Kauppila, J.; Kunnas, P.; Damlin, P.; Viinikanoja, A.; Kvarnström, C. Electrochemical Reduction of Graphene Oxide Films in Aqueous and Organic Solutions Electrochim. Acta 2013, 89, 84-89 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.10.153
46. Damlin, P.; Suominen, M.; Heinonen, M.; Kvarnström, C. Non-covalent Modification of Graphene Sheets in PEDOT Composite Materials by Ionic Liquids Carbon 2015, 93, 533-543 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.05.055
47. International Electrotechnical Commission. International Standard: Fixed Electric Double Layer Capacitors for Use in Electronic Equipment; IEC 62391-1; International Electrotechnical Commission: Geneva, Switzerland, 2006.
48. Apilo, P.; Hiltunen, J.; Välimäki, M.; Heinilehto, S.; Sliz, R.; Hast, J. Roll-to-Roll Gravure Printing of Organic Photovoltaic Modules-Insulation of Processing Defects by an Interfacial Layer Prog. Photovoltaics 2015, 23, 918-928 10.1002/pip.2508
49. Kopola, P.; Aernouts, T.; Sliz, R.; Guillerez, S.; Ylikunnari, M.; Cheyns, D.; Välimäki, M.; Tuomikoski, M.; Hast, J.; Jabbour, G.; Myllylä, R.; Maaninen, A. Gravure Printed Flexible Organic Photovoltaic Modules Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2011, 95, 1344-1347 10.1016/j.solmat.2010.12.020
50. Kawahara, J.; Andersson Ersman, P.; Nilsson, D.; Katoh, K.; Nakata, Y.; Sandberg, M.; Nilsson, M.; Gustafsson, G.; Berggren, M. Flexible Active Matrix Addressed Displays Manufactured by Printing and Coating Techniques J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 265-271 10.1002/polb.23213
51. Hummers, W. S., Jr; Offeman, R. E. Preparation of Graphitic Oxide J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 1339-1339 10.1021/ja01539a017
52. Stoller, M. D.; Ruoff, R. S. Best Practice Methods for Determining an Electrode Material's Performance for Ultracapacitors Energy Environ. Sci. 2010, 3, 1294-1301 10.1039/c0ee00074d
53. Stoller, M. D.; Park, S.; Zhu, Y.; An, J.; Ruoff, R. S. Graphene-Based Ultracapacitors Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 3498-3502 10.1021/nl802558y
54. Du, X.; Guo, P.; Song, H.; Chen, X. Graphene Nanosheets as Electrode Material for Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Electrochim. Acta 2010, 55, 4812-4819 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.03.047
55. Lindfors, T.; Österholm, A.; Kauppila, J.; Pesonen, M. Electrochemical Reduction of Graphene Oxide in Electrically Conducting Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Composite Films Electrochim. Acta 2013, 110, 428-436 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.070
56. Peng, X.-Y.; Liu, X.-X.; Diamond, D.; Lau, K. T. Synthesis of Electrochemically-Reduced Graphene Oxide Film with Controllable Size and Thickness and Its Use in Supercapacitor Carbon 2011, 49, 3488-3496 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.04.047
57. Viinikanoja, A.; Wang, Z.; Kauppila, J.; Kvarnström, C. Electrochemical Reduction of Graphene Oxide and Its In Situ Spectroelectrochemical Characterization Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2012, 14, 14003-14009 10.1039/c2cp42253k
58. Viinikanoja, A.; Kauppila, J.; Damlin, P.; Suominen, M.; Kvarnström, C. In Situ FTIR and Raman Spectroelectrochemical Characterization of Graphene Oxide upon Electrochemical Reduction in Organic Solvents Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2015, 17, 12115-12123 10.1039/C5CP00942A
59. Ferrari, A. C. Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene and Graphite: Disorder, Electron-Phonon Coupling, Doping and Nonadiabatic Effects Solid State Commun. 2007, 143, 47-57 10.1016/j.ssc.2007.03.052
60. Malard, L.; Pimenta, M.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. Raman Spectroscopy in Graphene Phys. Rep. 2009, 473, 51-87 10.1016/j.physrep.2009.02.003
61. Konwer, S.; Dolui, S. K. Synthesis and Characterization of Polypyrrole/Graphite Composites and Study of Their Electrical and Electrochemical Properties Mater. Chem. Phys. 2010, 124, 738-743 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.07.049
62. Bose, S.; Kuila, T.; Uddin, M. E.; Kim, N. H.; Lau, A. K.; Lee, J. H. In-Situ Synthesis and Characterization of Electrically Conductive Polypyrrole/Graphene Nanocomposites Polymer 2010, 51, 5921-5928 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.10.014
63. Khomenko, V.; Frackowiak, E.; Beguin, F. Determination of the Specific Capacitance of Conducting Polymer/Nanotubes Composite Electrodes Using Different Cell Configurations Electrochim. Acta 2005, 50, 2499-2506 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.10.078
64. Lota, K.; Khomenko, V.; Frackowiak, E. Capacitance Properties of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Carbon Nanotubes Composites J. Phys. Chem. Solids 2004, 65, 295-301 10.1016/j.jpcs.2003.10.051
65. Zubieta, L.; Bonert, R. Characterization of Double-Layer Capacitors for Power Electronics Applications IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 2000, 36, 199-205 10.1109/28.821816
66. Merrett, G. V.; Weddell, A. S. Supercapacitor Leakage in Energy-Harvesting Sensor Nodes: Fact or Fiction? Ninth International Conference on Networked Sensing Systems (INSS), Antwerp, Belgium, June 11-14, 2012; pp 1-5.