Roll-to-roll gravure printing of organic photovoltaic modules - Insulation of processing defects by an interfacial layer

Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications

Volumn 23, Issue 7, 2015, Pages 918-928

  Apilo, Pälvi ^a   Hiltunen, Jussi ^a   Välimäki, Marja ^a   Heinilehto, Santtu ^b   Sliz, Rafal ^b   Hast, Jukka ^a  

^a VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OULU   (Finland)

Author keywords

flexible electronics; gravure printing; low cost; organic photovoltaics; roll to roll; thin films

Indexed keywords

COATINGS; ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY; FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS; FLUORINE COMPOUNDS; INSULATION; LITHIUM FLUORIDE; MANUFACTURE; OFFSET PRINTING; ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; PILOT PLANTS; THIN FILM CIRCUITS; THIN FILM DEVICES; THIN FILMS; X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY;

ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT; GRAVURE PRINTING; ILLUMINATION CONDITIONS; LOW COSTS; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS; PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTS; ROLL TO ROLL;

GRAPHIC METHODS;

EID: 84931087725     PISSN: 10627995     EISSN: 1099159X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pip.2508     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Brabec CJ, Gowrisanker S, Halls JJM, Laird D, Jia S, Williams SP,. Polymer-fullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Advanced Materials 2010; 22: 3839-3856.
2. Søndergaard RR, Hösel M, Krebs FC,. Roll-to-roll fabrication of large area functional organic materials. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 2013; 51: 16-34.
3. Green MA, Emery K, Hishikawa Y, Warta W, Dunlop ED,. Solar cell efficiency tables (version 41). Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2013; 21: 1-11.
4. Krebs FC, Fyenbo J, Jørgensen M,. Product integration of compact roll-to-roll processed polymer solar cell modules: methods and manufacture using flexographic printing, slot-die coating and rotary screen printing. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2010; 20: 8994-9001.
5. Hösel M, Søndergaard RR, Jørgensen M, Krebs FC,. Fast inline roll-to-roll printing for indium-tin-oxide free polymer solar cells using automatic registration. Energy Technology 2013; 1: 102-107.
6. Sommer-Larsen P, Jørgensen M, Søndergaard RR, Hösel M, Krebs FC,. It is all in the pattern-high efficiency power extraction from polymer solar cells through high-voltage serial connection. Energy Technology 2013; 1: 15-19.
7. Krebs FC, Espinosa N, Hösel M, Søndergaard RR, Jørgensen M,. 25th anniversary article: rise to power-OPV-based solar parks. Advanced Materials 2014; 26: 29-39.
8. Krebs FC, Hösel M, Corazza M, Roth B, Madsen MV, Gevorgyan SA, Søndergaard RR, Karg D, Jørgensen M,. Freely available OPV-the fast way to progress. Energy Technology 2013; 1: 378-381.
9. Kipphan H, Fuchs B, Ipsen H,. Handbook of Print Media, Kipphan H, (eds). Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 2001, Ch. 1.3, 2.2, and 2.4.
10. Kopola P, Aernouts T, Guillerez S, Jin H, Tuomikoski M, Maaninen A, Hast J,. High efficient plastic solar cells fabricated with a high-throughput gravure printing method. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2010; 94: 1673-1680.
11. Ding JM, De la Fuente Vornbrock A, Ting C, Subramanian V,. Patternable polymer bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells on plastic by rotogravure printing. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2009; 93: 459-464.
12. Kopola P, Aernouts T, Sliz R, Guillerez S, Ylikunnari M, Cheyns D, Välimäki M, Tuomikoski M, Hast J, Jabbour G, Myllylä R, Maaninen A,. Gravure printed flexible organic photovoltaic modules. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2011; 95: 1344-1347.
13. Yang J, Vak D, Clark N, Subbiah J, Wong WWH, Jones DJ, Watkins SE, Wilson G,. Organic photovoltaic modules fabricated by an industrial gravure printing proofer. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2013; 109: 47-55.
14. Voigt MM, Mackenzie RCI, Yau CP, Atienzar P, Dane J, Keivanidis PE, Bradley DDC, Nelson J,. Gravure printing for three subsequent solar cell layers of inverted structures on flexible substrates. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2011; 95: 731-734.
15. Voigt MM, Mackenzie RCI, King SP, Yau CP, Atienzar P, Dane J, Keivanidis PE, Zadrazil I, Bradley DDC, Nelson J,. Gravure printing inverted organic solar cells: the influence of ink properties on film quality and device performance. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2012; 105: 77-85.
16. Hübler A, Trnovec B, Zillger T, Ali M, Wetzold N, Mingebach M, Wagenpfahl A, Deibel C, Dyakonov V,. Printed paper photovoltaic cells. Advanced Energy Materials 2011; 1: 1018-1022.
17. Yin X, Kumar S,. Flow visualization of the liquid emptying process in scaled-up gravure grooves and cells. Chemical Engineering Science 2006; 61: 1146-1156.
18. Shaheen SE, Jabbour GE, Morrell MM, Kawabe Y, Kippelen B, Peyghambarian N, Nabor M-F, Schlaf R, Mash EA, Armstrong NR,. Bright blue organic light-emitting diode with improved color purity using a LiF/Al cathode. Journal of Applied Physics 1998; 84: 2324-2327.
19. Brown TM, Friend RH, Millard IS, Lacey DJ, Burroughes JH, Cacialli F,. LiF/Al cathodes and the effect of LiF thickness on the device characteristics and built-in potential of polymer light-emitting diodes. Applied Physics Letters 2000; 77: 3096-3098.
20. Hung LS, Tang CW, Mason MG,. Enhanced electron injection in organic electroluminescence devices using an Al/LiF electrode. Applied Physics Letters 1997; 70: 152-154.
21. Brabec CJ, Shaheen SE, Winder C, Sariciftci NS, Denk P,. Effect of LiF/metal electrodes on the performance of plastic solar cells. Applied Physics Letters 2002; 80: 1288-1290.
22. Jönsson SKM, Carlegrim E, Zhang F, Salaneck WR, Fahlman M,. Photoelectron spectroscopy of the contact between the cathode and the active layers in plastic solar cells: the role of LiF. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 2005; 44: 3695-3701.
23. Ahlswede E, Hanisch J, Powalla M,. Comparative study of the influence of LiF, NaF, and KF on the performance of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells. Applied Physics Letters 2007; 90: 163504 1-163504 3.
24. Chen L-M, Xu Z, Hong Z, Yang Y,. Interface investigation and engineering-achieving high performance polymer photovoltaic devices. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2010; 20: 2575-2598.
25. Steim R, Kogler FR, Brabec CJ,. Interface materials for organic solar cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2010; 20: 2499-2512.
26. Liu F, Shen W, Parker I,. Surface analysis, a way to better understand lithographic printing problems. Appita Journal 2006; 59: 108-113.
27. Israelachvili JN,. Intermolecular and Surface Forces. Academic Press: San Diego, 1992; Ch. 9 and 15.
28. Van der Heide P,. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: An Introduction to Principles and Practices. John Wiley & Sons Inc: Princeton, 2012.
29. Xiao T, Cui W, Cai M, Liu R, Anderegg JW, Shinar J, Shinar R,. Thin air-plasma-treated alkali fluoride layers for improved hole extraction in copper phthalocyanine/C70-based solar cells. Journal of Photonics for Energy 2012; 2: 021006 1-021006 11.
30. Zhou L, Lucht BL,. Performance of lithium tetrafluorooxalatophosphate (LiFOP) electrolyte with propylene carbonate (PC). Journal of Power Sources 2012; 205: 439-448.
31. Young HD, Freedman RA,. University Physics Tenth Edition. Addison-Wesley Longman: USA, 2000.
32. Sun Y, Boggs SA, Ramprasad R,. The intrinsic electrical breakdown strength of insulators from first principles. Applied Physics Letters 2012; 101: 132906 1-132906 5.
33. Reese MO, Gevorgyan SA, Jørgensen M, Bundgaard E, Kurtz SR, Ginley DS, Olson DC, Lloyd MT, Morvillo P, Katz EA, Elschner A, Haillant O, Currier TR, Shrotriya V, Hermenau M, Riede M, Kirov KR, Trimmel G, Rath T, Inganäs O, Zhang F, Andersson M, Tvingstedt K, Lira-Cantu M, Laird D, McGuiness C, Gowrisanker S, Pannone M, Xiao M, Hauch J, Steim R, DeLongchamp DM, Rösch R, Hoppe H, Espinosa N, Urbina A, Yaman-Uzunoglu G, Bonekamp J-B, van Breemen AJJM, Girotto C, Voroshazi E, Krebs FC,. Consensus stability testing protocols for organic photovoltaic materials and devices. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 2011; 95: 1253-1267.
34. Tanenbaum DM, Hermenau M, Voroshazi E, Lloyd MT, Galagan Y, Zimmermann B, Hösel M, Dam HF, Jørgensen M, Gevorgyan SA, Kudret S, Maes W, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D, Würfel U, Andriessen R, Rösch R, Hoppe H, Teran-Escobar G, Lira-Cantu M, Rivaton A, Uzunoʇlu GY, Germack D, Andreasen B, Madsen MV, Norrman K, Krebs FC,. The ISOS-3 inter-laboratory collaboration focused on the stability of a variety of organic photovoltaic devices. RSC Advances 2012; 2: 882-893.