Point-of-Care diagnostics in low resource settings: Present status and future role of microfluidics

Biosensors

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 577-601

  Sharma, Shikha ^a   Zapatero Rodríguez, Julia ^a   Estrela, Pedro ^b   O'Kennedy, Richard ^a  

^a DUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY   (Ireland)

^b University of Bath   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Global health; Lateral flow immunoassay; Low cost biosensors; Microfluidics; Point of care diagnostics

Indexed keywords

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; DIAGNOSIS;

DEVELOPING WORLD; DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTATION; GLOBAL HEALTH; LATERAL FLOW IMMUNOASSAY; LOW-COST BIOSENSORS; LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS; NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; POINT OF CARE; POINT OF CARE DIAGNOSTIC; PRESENT STATUS;

MICROFLUIDICS;

ACCURACY; ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; AUTOMATION; COLON CANCER; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOASSAY; LATERAL FLOW IMMUNOASSAY; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; MATERIAL COATING; MICROFLUIDICS; NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; NONHUMAN; OVARY CANCER; POINT OF CARE TESTING; RAPID TEST; RELIABILITY; REVIEW; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; DEVICES; ECONOMICS; GENETIC PROCEDURES; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; POINT OF CARE SYSTEM; PROCEDURES; STANDARDS;

BIOSENSING TECHNIQUES; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; HEALTH RESOURCES; HUMANS; IMMUNOASSAY; MICROFLUIDICS; POINT-OF-CARE SYSTEMS;

EID: 84944312514     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20796374     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/bios5030577     Document Type: Review

References (54)

1. Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases. Available online: http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report_full_en.pdf (accessed on 20 May 2015).
2. Maher, D.; Ford, N.; Unwin, N.; Frontières, M.S. Priorities for developing countries in the global response to non-communicable diseases. Glob. Health 2012, 8, doi:10.1186/1744-8603-8-14.
3. McNerney, R.; Daley, P. Towards a point-of-care test for active tuberculosis: Obstacles and opportunities. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2011, 9, 204-213.
4. Urdea, M.; Penny, L.A.; Olmsted, S.S.; Giovanni, M.Y.; Kaspar, P.; Shepherd, A.; Wilson, P.; Dahl, C.A.; Buchsbaum, S.; Moeller, G.; et al. Requirements for high impact diagnostics in the developing world. Nature 2006, 444, 73-79.
5. Peeling, R.W.; Mabey, D. Point-of-care tests for diagnosing infections in the developing world. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2010, 16, 1062-1069.
6. Point-Of-Care Diagnostics/Testing Market by Products (Glucose Monitoring & Infectious Diseases Testing Kits, Cardiac & Tumor Markers), by End Users (Self & Professional Monitoring), Over the Counter & Prescription Based-Global Forecast to 2018. Available online: http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/point-of-care-diagnostic-market-106829185.html (accessed on 20 May 2015).
7. Chin, C.D.; Linder, V.; Sia, S.K. Commercialization of microfluidic point-of-care diagnostic devices. Lab Chip 2012, 12, 2118-2134.
8. Worldometers. Available online: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/(accessed on 20 May 2015).
9. Jamison, D.T.; Breman, J.G.; Measham, A.R.; Alleyne, G.; Claeson, M.; Evans, D.B.; Jha, P.; Mils, A.; Musgrove, P. Cost-Effective Strategies for the Excess Burden of Disease in Developing Countries. In Priorities in Health; World Bank: Washington, DC, USA, 2006; pp. 59-95.
10. Bloom, D.E.; Cafiero, E.T.; Jané-Llopis, E.; Abrahams-Gessel, S.; Bloom, L.R.; Fathima, S.; Feigl, A.B.; Gaziano, T.; Mowafi, M.; Pandya, A.; et al. The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases; World Economic Forum: Geneva, Switzerland, 2011; pp. 2-25.
11. The Emerging Crisis: Noncommunicable Diseases. Available online: http://www.cfr.org/diseases-noncommunicable/NCDs-interactive/p33802?cid=otr-marketing_use-NCDs_interactive/#!/(accessed on 22 May 2015).
12. Drain, P.K.; Hyle, E.P.; Noubary, F.; Freedberg, K.A.; Wilson, D.; Bishai, W.R.; Rodriguez, W.; Bassett, I.V. Diagnostic point-of-care tests in resource-limited settings. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2014, 14, 239-249.
13. St John, A.; Price, C.P. Existing and emerging technologies for point-of-care testing. Clin. Biochem. Rev. 2014, 35, 155-167.
14. Singer, J.M.; Plotz, C.M. The latex fixation test: I. Application to the serologic diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Am. J. Med. 1956, 21, 888-892.
15. Learmonth, K.M.; McPhee, D.A.; Jardine, D.K.; Walker, S.K.; Aye, T.-T.; Dax, E.M. Assessing Proficiency of Interpretation of Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Assays in Nonlaboratory Settings: Ensuring Quality of Testing. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2008, 46, 1692-1697.
16. O'Farrell, B. Lateral Flow Immunoassay Systems: Evolution from the Current State of the Art to the Next Generation of Highly Sensitive, Quantitative Rapid Assays. In The Immunoassay Handbook: Theory and Applications of Ligand Binding, ELISA and Related Techniques, 4th ed.; Wild, D., Ed.; Newnes: Boston, MA, USA, 2013; pp. 89-107.
17. Posthuma-Trumpie, G.A.; Korf, J.; van Amerongen, A. Lateral flow (immuno) assay: Its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A literature survey. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2009, 393, 569-582.
18. McPartlin, D.A.; O'Kennedy, R.J. Point-of-care diagnostics, a major opportunity for change in traditional diagnostic approaches: Potential and limitations. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 2014, 14, 979-998.
19. UNAIDS World AIDS Day Report 2012. Available online: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/JC2434_WorldAIDSday_results_en_1.pdf (accessed on 22 July 2015).
20. Kozel, T.R.; Bauman, S.K. CrAg lateral flow assay for cryptococcosis. Expert Opin. Med. Diagn. 2012, 6, 245-251.
21. Tangpukdee, N.; Duangdee, C.; Wilairatana, P.; Krudsood, S. Malaria diagnosis: A brief review. Korean J. Parasitol. 2009, 47, 93-102.
22. Derhaschnig, U.; Laggner, A.N.; Röggla, M.; Hirschl, M.M.; Kapiotis, S.; Marsik, C.; Jilma, B. Evaluation of coagulation markers for early diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes in the emergency room. Clin. Chem. 2002, 48, 1924-1930.
23. McCord, J.; Nowak, R.M.; McCullough, P.A.; Foreback, C.; Borzak, S.; Tokarski, G.; Tomlanovich, M.C.; Jacobsen, G.; Weaver, W.D. Ninety-minute exclusion of acute myocardial infarction by use of quantitative point-of-care testing of myoglobin and troponin I. Circulation 2001, 104, 1483-1488.
24. Sajid, M.; Kawde, A.N.; Daud, M. Designs, formats and applications of lateral flow assay: A literature review. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 2014, in press.
25. Chen, A.; Yang, S. Replacing antibodies with aptamers in lateral flow immunoassay. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2015, 71, 230-242.
26. Bazin, I.; Nabais, E.; Lopez-Ferber, M. Rapid visual tests: Fast and reliable detection of ochratoxin A. Toxins 2010, 2, 2230-2241.
27. Shen, G.; Zhang, S.; Hu, X. Signal enhancement in a lateral flow immunoassay based on dual gold nanoparticle conjugates. Clin. Biochem. 2013, 46, 1734-1738.
28. Xu, Q.; Xu, H.; Gu, H.; Li, J.; Wang, Y.; Wei, M. Development of lateral flow immunoassay system based on superparamagnetic nanobeads as labels for rapid quantitative detection of cardiac troponin I. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2009, 29, 702-707.
29. Berlina, A.N.; Taranova, N.A.; Zherdev, A.V.; Vengerov, Y.Y.; Dzantiev, B.B. Quantum dot-based lateral flow immunoassay for detection of chloramphenicol in milk. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2013, 405, 4997-5000.
30. Juntunen, E.; Myyryläinen, T.; Salminen, T.; Soukka, T.; Pettersson, K. Performance of fluorescent europium (III) nanoparticles and colloidal gold reporters in lateral flow bioaffinity assay. Anal. Biochem. 2012, 428, 31-38.
31. Xu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Wu, Y.; Xia, X.; Liao, Y.; Li, Q. Fluorescent probe-based lateral flow assay for multiplex nucleic acid detection. Anal. Chem. 2014, 86, 5611-5614.
32. Rohrman, B.A.; Leautaud, V.; Molyneux, E.; Richards-Kortum, R.R. A lateral flow assay for quantitative detection of amplified HIV-1 RNA. PLoS ONE 2012, 7, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045611.
33. Nagatani, N.; Keiichiro, Y.; Hiromi, U.; Ritsuko, K.; Tadahiro, S.; Kazuyoshi, I.; Masato, S.; Toshiro, M.; Eiichi, T. Detection of influenza virus using a lateral flow immunoassay for amplified DNA by a microfluidic RT-PCR chip. Analyst 2012, 137, 3422-3426.
34. Novak, M.T.; Kotanen, C.N.; Carrara, S.; Guiseppi-Elie, A.; Moussy, F.G. Diagnostic tools and technologies for infectious and non-communicable diseases in low-and-middle-income countries. Health Technol. 2013, 3, 271-281.
35. Yager, P.; Edwards, T.; Fu, E.; Helton, K.; Nelson, K.; Tam, M.R.; Weigl, B.H. Microfluidic diagnostic technologies for global public health. Nature 2006, 442, 412-418.
36. Perkel, J.M. Microfluidics, macro-impacts. Biotechniques 2012, 52, 131-134.
37. Pollock, N.R.; Rolland, J.P.; Kumar, S.; Beattie, P.D.; Jain, S.; Noubary, F.; Wong, V.L.; Pohlmann, R.A.; Ryan, U.S.; Whitesides, G.M. A paper-based multiplexed transaminase test for low-cost, point-of-care liver function testing. Sci. Transl. Med. 2012, 4, 152-129.
38. Hugo, S.; Land, K.; Madou, M.; Kido, H. A centrifugal microfluidic platform for point-of-care diagnostic applications. South Afr. J. Sci. 2014, 110, 1-7.
39. Taylor, B.J.; Howell, A.; Martin, K.A.; Manage, D.P.; Gordy, W.; Campbell, S.D.; Lam S.; Jin, A.; Polley, S.D.; Samuel, R.A.; et al. A lab-on-chip for malaria diagnosis and surveillance. Malar. J. 2014, 13, doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-179.
40. Jing, W.; Jiang, X.; Zhao, W.; Liu, S.; Cheng, X.; Sui, G. Microfluidic Platform for Direct Capture and Analysis of Airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Anal. Chem. 2014, 86, 5815-5821.
41. Agrawal, S.; Morarka, A.; Bodas, D.; Paknikar, K.M. Multiplexed detection of waterborne pathogens in circular microfluidics. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2012, 167, 1668-1677.
42. Larson, B.; Schnippel, K.; Ndibongo, B.; Long, L.; Fox, M.P.; Rosen, S. How to estimate the cost of point-of-care CD4 testing in program settings: An example using the Alere Pima Analyzer in South Africa. PLoS One 2012, 7, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035444.
43. Mnyani, C.N.; McIntyre, J.A.; Myer, L. The reliability of point-of-care CD4 testing in identifying HIV-infected pregnant women eligible for antiretroviral therapy. JAIDS J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 2012, 60, 260-264.
44. Owen, W.E.; Caron, J.E.; Genzen, J.R. Liver function testing on the Abaxis Piccolo Xpress: Use in Ebola virus disease protocols. Clin. Chim. Acta 2015, 446, 119-127.
45. Laksanasopin, T.; Guo, T.W.; Nayak, S.; Sridhara, A.A.; Xie, S.; Olowookere, O.O.; Cadinu, P.; Meng, F.; Chee, N.H.; Kim, J.; et al. A smartphone dongle for diagnosis of infectious diseases at the point of care. Sci. Transl. Med. 2015, 7, doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa0056.
46. Scott, L.; Gous, N.; Carmona, S.; Stevens, W. Laboratory Evaluation of the Liat HIV Quant (IQuum) Whole-Blood and Plasma HIV-1 Viral Load Assays for Point-of-Care Testing in South Africa. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2015, 53, 1616-1621.
47. Weigl, B.; Domingo, G.; LaBarre, P.; Gerlach, J. Towards non-and minimally instrumented, microfluidics-based diagnostic devices. Lab Chip 2008, 8, 1999-2014.
48. Dimov, I.K.; Basabe-Desmonts, L.; Garcia-Cordero, J.L.; Ross, B.M.; Ricco, A.J.; Lee, L.P. Stand-alone self-powered integrated microfluidic blood analysis system (SIMBAS). Lab Chip 2011, 11, 845-850.
49. Lee, C.Y.; Chang, C.L.; Wang, Y.N.; Fu, L.M. Microfluidic mixing: A review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12, 3263-3287.
50. Nwankire, C.; Gorkin, R.; Siegrist, J.; Gaughran; J.; Chan, D.S.; Ducrée, J. Full integration and automation of immunoassay protocols by rotationally actuated dissolvable film valves. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA, 2-6 October 2011.
51. Glynn, M.; Kirby, D.; Chung, D.; Kinahan, D.J.; Kijanka, G.; Ducrée, J. Centrifugo-magnetophoretic purification of CD4+ cells from whole blood toward future HIV/AIDS point-of-care applications. J. Lab. Autom. 2013, 19, 285-296.
52. Martinez, A.W.; Phillips, S.T.; Whitesides, G.M. Three-dimensional microfluidic devices fabricated in layered paper and tape. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105, 19606-19611.
53. Martin, C.L. i-STAT-Combining Chemistry and Haematology in PoCT. Clin. Biochem. Rev. 2010, 31, 81-84.
54. Mainor, B.H.; Hardwick, W.E.; King, W.D. Evaluation of a portable clinical analyzer in the pediatric emergency department: Analysis of cost and turnaround time. South. Med. J. 2002, 95, 634-638.