메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 54, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 1352-1371

Sensitivity of C-band polarimetric radar-based drop size estimates to maximum diameter

Author keywords

Drop size distribution; Radars Radar observations

Indexed keywords

ERRORS; POLARIMETERS; RADAR; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

EID: 84943773900     PISSN: 15588424     EISSN: 15588432     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0079.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 0032763543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory measurements of axis ratios for large raindrops
    • Andsager, K., K. V. Beard, and N. F. Laird, 1999: Laboratory measurements of axis ratios for large raindrops. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2673-2683, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<2673:LMOARF>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.56 , pp. 2673-2683
    • Andsager, K.1    Beard, K.V.2    Laird, N.F.3
  • 2
    • 0027063075 scopus 로고
    • C-band dual-polarization radar observables in rain
    • Aydin, K., and V. Giridhar, 1992: C-band dual-polarization radar observables in rain. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 9, 383-390, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1992)009<0383:CBDPRO>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1992) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.9 , pp. 383-390
    • Aydin, K.1    Giridhar, V.2
  • 3
    • 84899825402 scopus 로고
    • Dual-polarization radar estimation of rainfall parameters compared with groundbased disdrometer measurements: October 29, 1982 central Illinois experiment
    • Aydin, K., H. Direskeneli, and T. Seliga, 1987: Dual-polarization radar estimation of rainfall parameters compared with groundbased disdrometer measurements: October 29, 1982 central Illinois experiment. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., GE-25, 834-844, doi:10.1109/TGRS.1987.289755.
    • (1987) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., GE-25 , pp. 834-844
    • Aydin, K.1    Direskeneli, H.2    Seliga, T.3
  • 4
    • 0016622089 scopus 로고
    • Scattering of electromagnetic waves by arbitrary shaped dielectric bodies
    • Barber, P., and C. Yeh, 1975: Scattering of electromagnetic waves by arbitrary shaped dielectric bodies. Appl. Opt., 14, 2864-2872, doi:10.1364/AO.14.002864.
    • (1975) Appl. Opt , vol.14 , pp. 2864-2872
    • Barber, P.1    Yeh, C.2
  • 5
    • 0000646755 scopus 로고
    • A new model for the equilibrium shape of raindrops
    • Beard, K. V., and C. Chuang, 1987: A new model for the equilibrium shape of raindrops. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1509-1524, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044<1509:ANMFTE>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.44 , pp. 1509-1524
    • Beard, K.V.1    Chuang, C.2
  • 6
    • 0026291584 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory measurements of small raindrop distortion. Part II: Oscillation frequencies and modes
    • Beard, K. V., and R. J. Kubesh, 1991: Laboratory measurements of small raindrop distortion. Part II: Oscillation frequencies and modes. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2245-2264, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<2245:LMOSRD>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.48 , pp. 2245-2264
    • Beard, K.V.1    Kubesh, R.J.2
  • 7
    • 84984434263 scopus 로고
    • Aircraft observations of large raindrops in warm, shallow, convective clouds
    • Beard, K. V., D. B. Johnson, and D. Baumgardner, 1986: Aircraft observations of large raindrops in warm, shallow, convective clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 991-994, doi:10.1029/GL013i010p00991.
    • (1986) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.13 , pp. 991-994
    • Beard, K.V.1    Johnson, D.B.2    Baumgardner, D.3
  • 8
    • 0026300503 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory measurements of small raindrop distortion. Part I: Axis ratios and fall behavior
    • Beard, K. V., R. J. Kubesh, and H. T. Ochs, 1991: Laboratory measurements of small raindrop distortion. Part I: Axis ratios and fall behavior. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 698-710, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<0698:LMOSRD>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.48 , pp. 698-710
    • Beard, K.V.1    Kubesh, R.J.2    Ochs, H.T.3
  • 9
    • 0036602511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiments in rainfall estimation with a polarimetric radar in a subtropical environment
    • Corrigendum, 44, 186
    • Brandes, E. A., G. Zhang, and J. Vivekanandan, 2002: Experiments in rainfall estimation with a polarimetric radar in a subtropical environment. J. Appl. Meteor., 41, 674-685, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0674:EIREWA>2.0.CO;2, Corrigendum, 44, 186, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2005)44<186:C>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2002) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.41 , pp. 674-685
    • Brandes, E.A.1    Zhang, G.2    Vivekanandan, J.3
  • 10
    • 0037832192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of a drop distribution-based polarimetric radar rainfall estimator
    • Brandes, E. A., G. Zhang, and J. Vivekanandan, 2003: An evaluation of a drop distribution-based polarimetric radar rainfall estimator. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 652-660, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<0652:AEOADD>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.42 , pp. 652-660
    • Brandes, E.A.1    Zhang, G.2    Vivekanandan, J.3
  • 11
    • 2142645143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of polarimetric radar drop size distribution retrieval algorithms
    • Brandes, E. A., G. Zhang, and J. Vivekanandan, 2004a: Comparison of polarimetric radar drop size distribution retrieval algorithms. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 21, 584-598, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<0584:COPRDS>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.21 , pp. 584-598
    • Brandes, E.A.1    Zhang, G.2    Vivekanandan, J.3
  • 12
    • 1842787713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drop size distribution retrieval with polarimetric radar: Model and application
    • Brandes, E. A., G. Zhang, and J. Vivekanandan, 2004b: Drop size distribution retrieval with polarimetric radar: Model and application. J. Appl. Meteor., 43, 461-475, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0461:DSDRWP>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2004) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.43 , pp. 461-475
    • Brandes, E.A.1    Zhang, G.2    Vivekanandan, J.3
  • 15
    • 0000174727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raindrop axis ratios and size distributions in Florida rainshafts: An assessment of multiparameter radar algorithms
    • Bringi, V. N., V. Chandrasekar, and R. Xiao, 1998: Raindrop axis ratios and size distributions in Florida rainshafts: An assessment of multiparameter radar algorithms. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 36, 703-715, doi:10.1109/36.673663.
    • (1998) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens , vol.36 , pp. 703-715
    • Bringi, V.N.1    Chandrasekar, V.2    Xiao, R.3
  • 16
    • 0036563907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A methodology for estimating the parameters of a gamma raindrop size distribution model from polarimetric radar data: Application to a squall-line event from the TRMM/Brazil Campaign
    • Bringi, V. N., G.-J. Huang, and V. Chandrasekar, 2002: A methodology for estimating the parameters of a gamma raindrop size distribution model from polarimetric radar data: Application to a squall-line event from the TRMM/Brazil Campaign. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 633-645, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0633:AMFETP>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.19 , pp. 633-645
    • Bringi, V.N.1    Huang, G.-J.2    Chandrasekar, V.3
  • 17
    • 0141969688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raindrop size distribution in different climatic regimes from disdrometer and dual-polarized radar analysis
    • Bringi, V. N., V. Chandrasekar, J. Hubbert, E. Gorgucci, W. L. Randeu, and M. Schoenhuber, 2003: Raindrop size distribution in different climatic regimes from disdrometer and dual-polarized radar analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 354-365, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0354:RSDIDC>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.60 , pp. 354-365
    • Bringi, V.N.1    Chandrasekar, V.2    Hubbert, J.3    Gorgucci, E.4    Randeu, W.L.5    Schoenhuber, M.6
  • 18
    • 33750362878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rainfall estimation from C-band polarimetric radar in Okinawa, Japan: Comparisons with 2D-video disdrometer and 400MHz wind profiler
    • Bringi, V. N., M. Thurai, K. Nakagawa, G. J. Huang, T. Kobayashi, A. Adachi, H. Hanado, and S. Sekizawa, 2006: Rainfall estimation from C-band polarimetric radar in Okinawa, Japan: Comparisons with 2D-video disdrometer and 400MHz wind profiler. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 84, 705-724, doi:10.2151/jmsj.84.705.
    • (2006) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.84 , pp. 705-724
    • Bringi, V.N.1    Thurai, M.2    Nakagawa, K.3    Huang, G.J.4    Kobayashi, T.5    Adachi, A.6    Hanado, H.7    Sekizawa, S.8
  • 19
    • 72249108668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using dualpolarized radar and dual-frequency profiler for DSD characterization: A case study from Darwin, Australia
    • Bringi, V. N., C. R. Williams, M. Thurai, and P. T. May, 2009: Using dualpolarized radar and dual-frequency profiler for DSD characterization: A case study from Darwin, Australia. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 2107-2122, doi:10.1175/2009JTECHA1258.1.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.26 , pp. 2107-2122
    • Bringi, V.N.1    Williams, C.R.2    Thurai, M.3    May, P.T.4
  • 20
    • 66149143578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Errors in estimating raindrop size distribution parameters employing disdrometer and simulated raindrop spectra
    • Cao, Q., and G. Zhang, 2009: Errors in estimating raindrop size distribution parameters employing disdrometer and simulated raindrop spectra. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 48, 406-425, doi:10.1175/2008JAMC2026.1.
    • (2009) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol , vol.48 , pp. 406-425
    • Cao, Q.1    Zhang, G.2
  • 21
    • 57649170774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of video disdrometer and polarimetric radar data to characterize rain microphysics in Oklahoma
    • Cao, Q., and G. Zhang, E. Brandes, T. Schuur, A. Ryzhkov, and K. Ikeda, 2008: Analysis of video disdrometer and polarimetric radar data to characterize rain microphysics in Oklahoma. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 2238-2255, doi:10.1175/2008JAMC1732.1.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol , vol.47 , pp. 2238-2255
    • Cao, Q.1    Zhang, G.2    Brandes, E.3    Schuur, T.4    Ryzhkov, A.5    Ikeda, K.6
  • 22
    • 0033730226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correcting propagation effects in C-band polarimetric radar observations of tropical convection using differential propagationphase
    • Carey, L. D., S. A. Rutledge, D. A. Ahijevych, and T. D. Keenan, 2000: Correcting propagation effects in C-band polarimetric radar observations of tropical convection using differential propagationphase. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1405-1433, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<1405:CPEICB>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2000) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.39 , pp. 1405-1433
    • Carey, L.D.1    Rutledge, S.A.2    Ahijevych, D.A.3    Keenan, T.D.4
  • 23
    • 0024228513 scopus 로고
    • Axis ratios and oscillations of raindrops
    • Chandrasekar, V., W. A. Cooper, and V. N. Bringi, 1988: Axis ratios and oscillations of raindrops. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1323-1333, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<1323:ARAOOR>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1988) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.45 , pp. 1323-1333
    • Chandrasekar, V.1    Cooper, W.A.2    Bringi, V.N.3
  • 25
    • 77955775289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The maximum size of raindrops-Can it be a proxy of precipitation climatology? Extended Abstracts
    • Cancun, Mexico, International Commission on Clouds and Precipitation, P1.31
    • Fujiyoshi, Y., I. Yamamura, N. Nagumo, K. Nakagawa, K. Muramoto, and T. Shimomai, 2008: The maximum size of raindrops-Can it be a proxy of precipitation climatology? Extended Abstracts, Int. Conf. on Clouds and Precipitation, Cancun, Mexico, International Commission on Clouds and Precipitation, P1.31. [Available online at http://cabernet.atmosfcu.unam.mx/ICCP-2008/abstracts/Program_on_line/Poster_01/Fujiyoshi_extended.pdf.]
    • (2008) Int. Conf. on Clouds and Precipitation
    • Fujiyoshi, Y.1    Yamamura, I.2    Nagumo, N.3    Nakagawa, K.4    Muramoto, K.5    Shimomai, T.6
  • 26
  • 27
    • 0019895175 scopus 로고
    • The ability of dualpolarization radar (copolar linear) to predict rainfall rate and microwave attenuation
    • Goddard, J. W. F., and S. M. Cherry, 1984: The ability of dualpolarization radar (copolar linear) to predict rainfall rate and microwave attenuation. Radio Sci., 19, 201-208, doi:10.1029/RS019i001p00201.
    • (1984) Radio Sci , vol.19 , pp. 201-208
    • Goddard, J.W.F.1    Cherry, S.M.2
  • 28
    • 0001131912 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of dualpolarization radar measurements of rain with ground-based disdrometer measurements
    • Goddard, J. W. F., and S. M. Cherry, and V. N. Bringi, 1982: Comparison of dualpolarization radar measurements of rain with ground-based disdrometer measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 21, 252-256, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1982)021<0252:CODPRM>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1982) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.21 , pp. 252-256
    • Goddard, J.W.F.1    Cherry, S.M.2    Bringi, V.N.3
  • 29
    • 0028741398 scopus 로고
    • Self-consistent measurements of differential phase and differential reflectivity in rain
    • Pasadena, CA, IEEE
    • Goddard, J. W. F., J. D. Eastment, and J. Tan, 1994: Self-consistent measurements of differential phase and differential reflectivity in rain. Proc. 1994 Int. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp., Pasadena, CA, IEEE, 369-371.
    • (1994) Proc. 1994 Int. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp , pp. 369-371
    • Goddard, J.W.F.1    Eastment, J.D.2    Tan, J.3
  • 30
    • 0032732926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A procedure to calibrate multiparameter weather radar using properties of the rain medium
    • Gorgucci, E., G. Scarchilli, and V. Chandrasekar, 1999: A procedure to calibrate multiparameter weather radar using properties of the rain medium. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 37, 269-276, doi:10.1109/36.739161.
    • (1999) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens , vol.37 , pp. 269-276
    • Gorgucci, E.1    Scarchilli, G.2    Chandrasekar, V.3
  • 31
    • 0036693834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of raindrop size distribution parameters from polarimetric radar measurements
    • Gorgucci, E., V. Chandrasekar, V. N. Bringi, and G. Scarchilli, 2002: Estimation of raindrop size distribution parameters from polarimetric radar measurements. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2373-2384, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2373:EORSDP>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.59 , pp. 2373-2384
    • Gorgucci, E.1    Chandrasekar, V.2    Bringi, V.N.3    Scarchilli, G.4
  • 32
    • 4544260273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Super-large raindrops
    • Hobbs, P. V., and A. L. Rangno, 2004: Super-large raindrops. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L13102, doi:10.1029/2004GL020167.
    • (2004) Geophys. Res. Lett , vol.31
    • Hobbs, P.V.1    Rangno, A.L.2
  • 33
    • 84897665733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission
    • Hou, A. Y., and Coauthors, 2014: The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 95, 701-722, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00164.1.
    • (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , vol.95 , pp. 701-722
    • Hou, A.Y.1
  • 34
    • 56549128269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orientation angle distributions of drops after an 80-m fall using a 2D video disdrometer
    • Huang, G.-J., V. N. Bringi, and M. Thurai, 2008: Orientation angle distributions of drops after an 80-m fall using a 2D video disdrometer. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 25, 1717-1723, doi:10.1175/2008JTECHA1075.1.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.25 , pp. 1717-1723
    • Huang, G.-J.1    Bringi, V.N.2    Thurai, M.3
  • 35
    • 84861731236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of the small-scale spatial structure of the raindrop size distribution from a network of disdrometers
    • Jaffrain, J., and A. Berne, 2012: Quantification of the small-scale spatial structure of the raindrop size distribution from a network of disdrometers. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 51, 941-953, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0136.1.
    • (2012) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol , vol.51 , pp. 941-953
    • Jaffrain, J.1    Berne, A.2
  • 36
    • 0020968197 scopus 로고
    • Microphysical interpretation of multi-parameter radar measurements in rain. Part I: Interpretation of polarizationmeasurementsandestimationofraindropshapes
    • Jameson, A. R., 1983:Microphysical interpretation of multi-parameter radar measurements in rain. Part I: Interpretation of polarizationmeasurementsandestimationofraindropshapes. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1792-1802, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<1792:MIOMPR>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1983) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.40 , pp. 1792-1802
    • Jameson, A.R.1
  • 37
    • 0028256643 scopus 로고
    • An alternative approach to estimating rainfall rate by radar using propagation differential phase shift
    • Jameson, A. R., 1994: An alternative approach to estimating rainfall rate by radar using propagation differential phase shift. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 122-131, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<0122:AAATER>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.11 , pp. 122-131
    • Jameson, A.R.1
  • 38
    • 0000231479 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous breakup of charged and uncharged water drops freely suspended in a wind tunnel
    • Kamra, A. K., R. V. Bhalwankar, and A. B. Sathe, 1991: Spontaneous breakup of charged and uncharged water drops freely suspended in a wind tunnel. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 17159-17168, doi:10.1029/91JD01475.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res , vol.96 , pp. 17159-17168
    • Kamra, A.K.1    Bhalwankar, R.V.2    Sathe, A.B.3
  • 39
    • 0035270199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of 5-cm wavelength polarimetric radar variables to raindrop axial ratio and drop size distribution
    • Keenan, T. D., L. D. Carey, D. S. Zrnić, and P. T. May, 2001: Sensitivity of 5-cm wavelength polarimetric radar variables to raindrop axial ratio and drop size distribution. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 526-545, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0526:SOCWPR>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2001) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.40 , pp. 526-545
    • Keenan, T.D.1    Carey, L.D.2    Zrnić, D.S.3    May, P.T.4
  • 40
    • 0000873069 scopus 로고
    • A method for the solution of certain nonlinear problems in least squares
    • Levenberg, K., 1944: A method for the solution of certain nonlinear problems in least squares. Quart. J. Appl. Math., 2, 164-168.
    • (1944) Quart. J. Appl. Math , vol.2 , pp. 164-168
    • Levenberg, K.1
  • 41
    • 0000169232 scopus 로고
    • An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters
    • Marquardt, D., 1963: An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. SIAM J. Appl. Math., 11, 431-441, doi:10.1137/0111030.
    • (1963) SIAM J. Appl. Math , vol.11 , pp. 431-441
    • Marquardt, D.1
  • 42
    • 0026272920 scopus 로고
    • A squallline insouthernGermany:Kinematics andprecipitation formation as deduced by advanced polarimetric and Doppler radar measurements
    • Meischner, P. F., V. N. Bringi, D. Heimann, and H. Höller, 1991: A squallline insouthernGermany:Kinematics andprecipitation formation as deduced by advanced polarimetric and Doppler radar measurements. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 678-701, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1991)119<0678:ASLISG>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1991) Mon. Wea. Rev , vol.119 , pp. 678-701
    • Meischner, P.F.1    Bringi, V.N.2    Heimann, D.3    Höller, H.4
  • 43
    • 33745244250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The UAH-NSSTC/WHNT ARMOR C-band dual-polarimetric radar: A unique collaborationinresearch, education andtechnologytransfer
    • Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 12R.4
    • Petersen, W. A., and Coauthors, 2005: The UAH-NSSTC/WHNT ARMOR C-band dual-polarimetric radar: A unique collaborationinresearch, education andtechnologytransfer. Extended Abstracts, 32nd Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 12R.4. [Available online at https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/96524.pdf.]
    • (2005) Extended Abstracts, 32nd Conf. on Radar Meteorology
    • Petersen, W.A.1
  • 44
    • 84874865491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The University of Alabama Huntsville THOR center instrumentation: Research and operational collaboration
    • Cairns, Australia, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 5.1
    • Petersen, W. A., K. R. Knupp, D. J. Cecil, J. R. Mecikalski, C. Darden, and J. Burks, 2007: The University of Alabama Huntsville THOR center instrumentation: Research and operational collaboration. Extended Abstracts, 33rd Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Cairns, Australia, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 5.1. [Available online at https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/123410.pdf.]
    • (2007) Extended Abstracts, 33rd Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology
    • Petersen, W.A.1    Knupp, K.R.2    Cecil, D.J.3    Mecikalski, J.R.4    Darden, C.5    Burks, J.6
  • 45
    • 84944084776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radar deployments and field sampling for GPM ground validation field campaigns
    • Breckenridge, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 179
    • Petersen, W. A., V. N. Bringi, V. Chandrasekar, S. A. Rutledge, D. B. Wolff, A. Tokay, L. D. Carey, and M. Thurai, 2013: Radar deployments and field sampling for GPM ground validation field campaigns. Proc. 36th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Breckenridge, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 179. [Available online at https://ams.confex.com/ams/36Radar/webprogram/Handout/Paper228660/Petersen_etal_RadConf2013_Poster.pdf.]
    • (2013) Proc. 36th Conf. on Radar Meteorology
    • Petersen, W.A.1    Bringi, V.N.2    Chandrasekar, V.3    Rutledge, S.A.4    Wolff, D.B.5    Tokay, A.6    Carey, L.D.7    Thurai, M.8
  • 46
    • 0026295837 scopus 로고
    • A mechanism for giant raindrop formation in warm, shallow convective clouds
    • Rauber, R. M., K. V. Beard, and B. M. Andrews, 1991: A mechanism for giant raindrop formation in warm, shallow convective clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1791-1797, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<1791:AMFGRF>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci , vol.48 , pp. 1791-1797
    • Rauber, R.M.1    Beard, K.V.2    Andrews, B.M.3
  • 47
    • 33745246054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radar polarimetry at S, C, and X bands: Comparative analysis and operational implications
    • Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 9R.3
    • Ryzhkov, A., and D. Zrnić, 2005: Radar polarimetry at S, C, and X bands: Comparative analysis and operational implications. Extended Abstracts, 32nd Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 9R.3. [Available online at https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/95684.pdf.]
    • (2005) Extended Abstracts, 32nd Conf. on Radar Meteorology
    • Ryzhkov, A.1    Zrnić, D.2
  • 49
    • 0035359249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drop size distributions measured by a 2D video disdrometer: Comparison with dual-polarization radar data
    • Schuur, T. J., A. Ryzhkov, D. S. Zrnić, and M. Schönhuber, 2001: Drop size distributions measured by a 2D video disdrometer: Comparison with dual-polarization radar data. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1019-1034, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<1019:DSDMBA>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2001) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.40 , pp. 1019-1034
    • Schuur, T.J.1    Ryzhkov, A.2    Zrnić, D.S.3    Schönhuber, M.4
  • 50
    • 0016892706 scopus 로고
    • Potential use of radar differential reflectivity measurements at orthogonal polarizations for measuring precipitation
    • Seliga, T. A., and V. N. Bringi, 1976: Potential use of radar differential reflectivity measurements at orthogonal polarizations for measuring precipitation. J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 69-76, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1976)015<0069:PUORDR>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1976) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.15 , pp. 69-76
    • Seliga, T.A.1    Bringi, V.N.2
  • 51
    • 0022849512 scopus 로고
    • Disdrometer measurements during an intense rainfall event in central Illinois: Implications for differential reflectivity radar observations
    • Seliga, T. A., K. Aydin, and H. Direskeneli, 1986: Disdrometer measurements during an intense rainfall event in central Illinois: Implications for differential reflectivity radar observations. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 835-846, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<0835:DMDAIR>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1986) J. Climate Appl. Meteor , vol.25 , pp. 835-846
    • Seliga, T.A.1    Aydin, K.2    Direskeneli, H.3
  • 52
    • 0027796942 scopus 로고
    • A study of samplingvariability effects in raindrop size distributions
    • Smith, P. L., Z. Liu, and J. Joss, 1993: A study of samplingvariability effects in raindrop size distributions. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 1259-1269, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<1259:ASOSVE>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1993) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.32 , pp. 1259-1269
    • Smith, P.L.1    Liu, Z.2    Joss, J.3
  • 53
    • 77649099087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unusually high differential attenuation at C-band: Results from a two-year analysis of the French Trappes polarimetric radar data
    • Tabary, P., G. Vulpiani, J. J. Gourley, A. J. Illingworth, R. J. Thompson, and O. Bousquet, 2009: Unusually high differential attenuation at C-band: Results from a two-year analysis of the French Trappes polarimetric radar data. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 48, 2037-2053, doi:10.1175/2009JAMC2039.1.
    • (2009) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol , vol.48 , pp. 2037-2053
    • Tabary, P.1    Vulpiani, G.2    Gourley, J.J.3    Illingworth, A.J.4    Thompson, R.J.5    Bousquet, O.6
  • 54
    • 21344446761 scopus 로고
    • Videosonde observations of precipitation processes in equatorial cloud clusters
    • Takahashi, T., K. Suzuki, M. Orita, M. Tokuno, and R. de la Mar, 1995: Videosonde observations of precipitation processes in equatorial cloud clusters. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 73, 509-534.
    • (1995) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.73 , pp. 509-534
    • Takahashi, T.1    Suzuki, K.2    Orita, M.3    Tokuno, M.4    de la Mar, R.5
  • 55
    • 27544450779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drop axis ratios from 2D video disdrometer
    • Thurai, M., and V. N. Bringi, 2005: Drop axis ratios from 2D video disdrometer. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 966-978, doi:10.1175/JTECH1767.1.
    • (2005) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.22 , pp. 966-978
    • Thurai, M.1    Bringi, V.N.2
  • 56
    • 34347380797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drop shapes, model comparisons, and calculations of polarimetric radar parameters in rain
    • Thurai, M., G. J. Huang, V. N. Bringi, W. L. Randeu, and M. Schönhuber, 2007: Drop shapes, model comparisons, and calculations of polarimetric radar parameters in rain. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 24, 1019-1032, doi:10.1175/JTECH2051.1.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.24 , pp. 1019-1032
    • Thurai, M.1    Huang, G.J.2    Bringi, V.N.3    Randeu, W.L.4    Schönhuber, M.5
  • 57
    • 73049096910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drop shapes and axis ratio distributions: Comparison between 2D video disdrometer and wind-tunnel measurements
    • Thurai, M., M. Szakáll, V. N. Bringi, K. V. Beard, S. K. Mitra, and S. Borrmann, 2009: Drop shapes and axis ratio distributions: Comparison between 2D video disdrometer and wind-tunnel measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 1427-1432, doi:10.1175/2009JTECHA1244.1.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol , vol.26 , pp. 1427-1432
    • Thurai, M.1    Szakáll, M.2    Bringi, V.N.3    Beard, K.V.4    Mitra, S.K.5    Borrmann, S.6
  • 58
    • 79955948517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drop size distribution comparisons between Parsivel and 2-D video disdrometers
    • Thurai, M., W. A. Petersen, A. Tokay, C. Schultz, and P. Gatlin, 2011: Drop size distribution comparisons between Parsivel and 2-D video disdrometers. Adv. Geosci., 30, 3-9, doi:10.5194/adgeo-30-3-2011.
    • (2011) Adv. Geosci , vol.30 , pp. 3-9
    • Thurai, M.1    Petersen, W.A.2    Tokay, A.3    Schultz, C.4    Gatlin, P.5
  • 59
    • 0020969890 scopus 로고
    • Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindropsize distribution
    • Ulbrich, C. W., 1983: Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindropsize distribution. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1764-1775, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<1764:NVITAF>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1983) J. Climate Appl. Meteor , vol.22 , pp. 1764-1775
    • Ulbrich, C.W.1
  • 60
    • 0000508872 scopus 로고
    • The effects of drop size distribution truncation on rainfall integral parameters and empirical relations
    • Ulbrich, C. W., 1985: The effects of drop size distribution truncation on rainfall integral parameters and empirical relations. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 24, 580-590, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1985)024<0580:TEODSD>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1985) J. Climate Appl. Meteor , vol.24 , pp. 580-590
    • Ulbrich, C.W.1
  • 61
    • 0000359205 scopus 로고
    • Effects of drop-size-distribution truncation on computer simulations of dual-measurement radar methods
    • Ulbrich, C. W., 1992: Effects of drop-size-distribution truncation on computer simulations of dual-measurement radar methods. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 689-699, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<0689:EODSDT>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1992) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.31 , pp. 689-699
    • Ulbrich, C.W.1
  • 62
    • 0019895275 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the contribution of differential polarization to improved rainfall measurements
    • Ulbrich, C. W., and D. Atlas, 1984: Assessment of the contribution of differential polarization to improved rainfall measurements. Radio Sci., 19, 49-57, doi:10.1029/RS019i001p00049.
    • (1984) Radio Sci , vol.19 , pp. 49-57
    • Ulbrich, C.W.1    Atlas, D.2
  • 63
    • 0032454796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rainfall microphysics and radar properties: Analysis methods for drop size spectra
    • Ulbrich, C. W., and D. Atlas, 1998: Rainfall microphysics and radar properties: Analysis methods for drop size spectra. J. Appl. Meteor., 37, 912-923, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1998)037<0912:RMARPA>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1998) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.37 , pp. 912-923
    • Ulbrich, C.W.1    Atlas, D.2
  • 64
    • 0026304741 scopus 로고
    • Rigorous approach to polarimetric radar modeling of hydrometeor orientation distributions
    • Vivekanandan, J., W. M. Adams, and V. N. Bringi, 1991: Rigorous approach to polarimetric radar modeling of hydrometeor orientation distributions. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 1053-1063, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1991)030<1053:RATPRM>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1991) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.30 , pp. 1053-1063
    • Vivekanandan, J.1    Adams, W.M.2    Bringi, V.N.3
  • 65
    • 0000385936 scopus 로고
    • Scattering by dielectric obstacles
    • Speciale
    • Waterman, P. C., 1969: Scattering by dielectric obstacles. Alta Freq., 38 (Speciale), 348-352.
    • (1969) Alta Freq , vol.38 , pp. 348-352
    • Waterman, P.C.1
  • 66
    • 0035304128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for estimating rain rate and drop size distribution from polarimetric radar measurements
    • Zhang, G., J. Vivekanandan, and E. Brandes, 2001: A method for estimating rain rate and drop size distribution from polarimetric radar measurements. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 39, 830-841, doi:10.1109/36.917906.
    • (2001) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens , vol.39 , pp. 830-841
    • Zhang, G.1    Vivekanandan, J.2    Brandes, E.3
  • 67
    • 0033747939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity analysis of polarimetric variables at a 5-cm wavelength in rain
    • Zrnić, D. S., T. D. Keenan, L. D. Carey, and P. May, 2000: Sensitivity analysis of polarimetric variables at a 5-cm wavelength in rain. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1514-1526, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<1514:SAOPVA>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2000) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.39 , pp. 1514-1526
    • Zrnić, D.S.1    Keenan, T.D.2    Carey, L.D.3    May, P.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.