Clinical characteristics and metabolic features of patients with adrenal incidentalomas with or without subclinical Cushing's syndrome

Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 457-463

  Kim, Bo Yeon ^a   Chun, A Reum ^a   Kim, Kyu Jin ^a   Jung, Chan Hee ^a   Kang, Sung Koo ^a   Mok, Ji Oh ^a   Kim, Chul Hee ^a  

^a Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Adrenal incidentalomas; Metabolic features; Subclinical cushing's syndrome

Indexed keywords

EID: 84942765247     PISSN: 2093596X     EISSN: 20935978     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3803/EnM.2014.29.4.457     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Mansmann G, Lau J, Balk E, Rothberg M, Miyachi Y, Bornstein SR. The clinically inapparent adrenal mass: update in diagnosis and management. Endocr Rev 2004;25: 309-40.
2. Bovio S, Cataldi A, Reimondo G, Sperone P, Novello S, Berruti A, Borasio P, Fava C, Dogliotti L, Scagliotti GV, Angeli A, Terzolo M. Prevalence of adrenal incidentaloma in a contemporary computerized tomography series. J Endocrinol Invest 2006;29:298-302.
3. Grumbach MM, Biller BM, Braunstein GD, Campbell KK, Carney JA, Godley PA, Harris EL, Lee JK, Oertel YC, Posner MC, Schlechte JA, Wieand HS. Management of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass ("incidentaloma"). Ann Intern Med 2003;138:424-9.
4. Barzon L, Sonino N, Fallo F, Palu G, Boscaro M. Prevalence and natural history of adrenal incidentalomas. Eur J Endocrinol 2003;149:273-85.
5. Mantero F, Terzolo M, Arnaldi G, Osella G, Masini AM, Alì A, Giovagnetti M, Opocher G, Angeli A. A survey on adrenal incidentaloma in Italy. Study Group on Adrenal Tumors of the Italian Society of Endocrinology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:637-44.
6. Tsagarakis S, Vassiliadi D, Thalassinos N. Endogenous subclinical hypercortisolism: diagnostic uncertainties and clinical implications. J Endocrinol Invest 2006;29:471-82.
7. Nawar R, Aron D. Adrenal incidentalomas: a continuing management dilemma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2005;12:585-98.
8. Terzolo M, Bovio S, Reimondo G, Pia A, Osella G, Borretta G, Angeli A. Subclinical Cushing's syndrome in adrenal incidentalomas. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2005; 34:423-39.
9. Terzolo M, Reimondo G, Bovio S, Angeli A. Subclinical Cushing's syndrome. Pituitary 2004;7:217-23.
10. Garrapa GG, Pantanetti P, Arnaldi G, Mantero F, Faloia E. Body composition and metabolic features in women with adrenal incidentaloma or Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:5301-6.
11. Tauchmanovà L, Rossi R, Biondi B, Pulcrano M, Nuzzo V, Palmieri EA, Fazio S, Lombardi G. Patients with subclinical Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenoma have increased cardiovascular risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:4872-8.
12. Rossi R, Tauchmanova L, Luciano A, Di Martino M, Battista C, Del Viscovo L, Nuzzo V, Lombardi G. Subclinical Cushing's syndrome in patients with adrenal incidentaloma: clinical and biochemical features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:1440-8.
13. Masserini B, Morelli V, Bergamaschi S, Ermetici F, Eller-Vainicher C, Barbieri AM, Maffini MA, Scillitani A, Ambrosi B, Beck-Peccoz P, Chiodini I. The limited role of midnight salivary cortisol levels in the diagnosis of subclinical hypercortisolism in patients with adrenal incidentaloma. Eur J Endocrinol 2009;160:87-92.
14. Chiodini I, Guglielmi G, Battista C, Carnevale V, Torlontano M, Cammisa M, Trischitta V, Scillitani A. Spinal volumetric bone mineral density and vertebral fractures in female patients with adrenal incidentalomas: the effects of subclinical hypercortisolism and gonadal status. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2237-41.
15. Chiodini I. Clinical review: diagnosis and treatment of subclinical hypercortisolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:1223-36.
16. Kim HY, Kim SG, Lee KW, Seo JA, Kim NH, Choi KM, Baik SH, Choi DS. Clinical study of adrenal incidentaloma in Korea. Korean J Intern Med 2005;20:303-9.
17. Cho YY, Suh S, Joung JY, Jeong H, Je D, Yoo H, Park TK, Min YK, Kim KW, Kim JH. Clinical characteristics and follow-up of Korean patients with adrenal incidentalomas. Korean J Intern Med 2013;28:557-64.
18. Kim J, Bae KH, Choi YK, Jeong JY, Park KG, Kim JG, Lee IK. Clinical characteristics for 348 patients with adrenal incidentaloma. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2013;28:20-5.
19. Kloos RT, Gross MD, Francis IR, Korobkin M, Shapiro B. Incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Endocr Rev 1995; 16:460-84.
20. Herrera MF, Grant CS, van Heerden JA, Sheedy PF, Ilstrup DM. Incidentally discovered adrenal tumors: an institutional perspective. Surgery 1991;110:1014-21.
21. Barzon L, Fallo F, Sonino N, Boscaro M. Development of overt Cushing's syndrome in patients with adrenal incidentaloma. Eur J Endocrinol 2002;146:61-6.
22. Bulow B, Ahren B; Swedish Research Council Study Group of Endocrine Abdominal Tumours. Adrenal incidentaloma: experience of a standardized diagnostic programme in the Swedish prospective study. J Intern Med 2002;252: 239-46.
23. Kasperlik-Zeluska AA, Roslonowska E, Slowinska-Srzednicka J, Migdalska B, Jeske W, Makowska A, Snochowska H. Incidentally discovered adrenal mass (incidentaloma): investigation and management of 208 patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1997;46:29-37.
24. Comlekci A, Yener S, Ertilav S, Secil M, Akinci B, Demir T, Kebapcilar L, Bayraktar F, Yesil S, Eraslan S. Adrenal incidentaloma, clinical, metabolic, follow-up aspects: single centre experience. Endocrine 2010;37:40-6.
25. Reincke M. Subclinical Cushing's syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2000;29:43-56.
26. Terzolo M, Bovio S, Pia A, Conton PA, Reimondo G, Dall'Asta C, Bemporad D, Angeli A, Opocher G, Mannelli M, Ambrosi B, Mantero F. Midnight serum cortisol as a marker of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with a clinically inapparent adrenal adenoma. Eur J Endocrinol 2005;153:307-15.
27. Di Dalmazi G, Vicennati V, Rinaldi E, Morselli-Labate AM, Giampalma E, Mosconi C, Pagotto U, Pasquali R. Progressively increased patterns of subclinical cortisol hypersecretion in adrenal incidentalomas differently predict major metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes: a large cross-sectional study. Eur J Endocrinol 2012;166:669-77.
28. Terzolo M, Pia A, Ali A, Osella G, Reimondo G, Bovio S, Daffara F, Procopio M, Paccotti P, Borretta G, Angeli A. Adrenal incidentaloma: a new cause of the metabolic syndrome? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:998-1003.
29. Chiodini I, Morelli V, Salcuni AS, Eller-Vainicher C, Torlontano M, Coletti F, Iorio L, Cuttitta A, Ambrosio A, Vicentini L, Pellegrini F, Copetti M, Beck-Peccoz P, Arosio M, Ambrosi B, Trischitta V, Scillitani A. Beneficial metabolic effects of prompt surgical treatment in patients with an adrenal incidentaloma causing biochemical hypercortisolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:2736-45.
30. Erbil Y, Ademoglu E, Ozbey N, Barbaros U, Yanik BT, Salmaslioglu A, Bozbora A, Ozarmagan S. Evaluation of the cardiovascular risk in patients with subclinical Cushing syndrome before and after surgery. World J Surg 2006;30: 1665-71.
31. Mitchell IC, Auchus RJ, Juneja K, Chang AY, Holt SA, Snyder WH 3rd, Nwariaku FE. "Subclinical Cushing's syndrome" is not subclinical: improvement after adrenalectomy in 9 patients. Surgery 2007;142:900-5.
32. Iacobone M, Citton M, Viel G, Boetto R, Bonadio I, Mondi I, Tropea S, Nitti D, Favia G. Adrenalectomy may improve cardiovascular and metabolic impairment and ameliorate quality of life in patients with adrenal incidentalomas and subclinical Cushing's syndrome. Surgery 2012;152:991-7.