Partition Coefficients at High Pressure and Temperature

Treatise on Geochemistry

Volumn 2-9, Issue , 2003, Pages 425-449

  Righter, K ^a   Drake, M J ^b  

^a NASA JOHNSON SPACE CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIMONY; TELLURIUM; TELLURIUM COMPOUNDS;

CRITICAL ASSESSMENT; EXPERIMENTAL DATABASE; GEOCHEMICAL DATA; GERMANIUMS (GE); HIGH PRESSURE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE; HIGH PRESSURE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS; HIGH-PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURES; MAGMA OCEAN; PARTITION COEFFICIENT; SIDEROPHILE ELEMENTS;

SILICATES;

EID: 84942415906     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/02010-7     Document Type: Chapter

References (162)

1. Abe Y. Thermal evolution and chemical differentiation of the terrestrial magma ocean. Geophysical Monograph 74 1993, vol. 14:41-54. IUGG, American Geophysical Union, Washington. E. Takahashi, R. Jeanloz, D. Rubie (Eds.).
2. Abe Y., Ohtani E., Okuchi T., Righter K., Drake M.J. Water in the early Earth. Origin of the Earth and Moon 2000, 413-434. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. R. Canup, K. Righter (Eds.).
3. Agee C.B. High pressure melting of carbonaceous chondrite. J. Geophys. Res. 1993, 98:5419-5426.
4. Agee C.B., Walker D. Mass balance and phase density constraints on early differentiation of chondritic mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1988, 90:144-156.
5. Agee C.B., Walker D. Aluminum partitioning between olivine and ultrabasic silicate liquid to 6 GPa. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 1990, 105:243-254.
6. Agee C.B., Li J., Shannon M.C., Circone S. Pressure-temperature diagram for the Allende meteorite. J. Geophys. Res. 1995, 100:17725-17740.
7. 12 at high pressures and temperatures. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 1977, 15:90-106.
8. Arculus R.J. Oxidation status of the mantle: past and present. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 1985, 13:75-95.
9. Arculus R.J., Delano J.W. Siderophile element abundances in the upper mantle: evidence for a sulfide signature and equilibrium with the core. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1981, 45:1331-1343.
10. Arculus R.J., Holmes R.D., Powell R., Righter K. Metal/silicate equilibria and core formation. The Origin of the Earth 1990, 251-271. Oxford University Press, London. H. Newsom, J.H. Jones (Eds.).
11. Ballhaus C., Ellis D.J. Mobility of core melts during Earth's accretion. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1996, 143:137-145.
12. Bassett W.A. The diamond cell and the nature of the Earth's mantle. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 1979, 7:357-380.
13. Bina C. Lower mantle mineralogy and the geophysical perspective. Ultrahigh-pressure Mineralogy 1998, 37:205-239. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC. R.J. Hemley (Ed.).
14. Blichert-Toft J., Albarede F. The Lu-Hf isotope geochemistry of chondrites and the evolution of the mantle-crust system. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1997, 148:243-258.
15. Boehler R. High pressure experiments and the phase diagram of lower mantle and core materials. Rev. Geophys. 2000, 38:221-245.
16. Boehler R., Chopelas A. A new approach to laser heating in high pressure mineral physics. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1991, 18:1147-1150.
17. Bohlen S.R. Equilibria for precise pressure calibration and a frictionless furnace assembly for the piston-cylinder apparatus. N. Jb. Mineral. Mh. 1984, 9:404-412.
18. Boyd F.R., England J.L. Apparatus for phase equilibrium measurements at pressures up to 50 kilobars and temperatures up to 1,750 °C. J. Geophys. Res. 1960, 65:741-748.
19. Brett R. Chemical equilibration of the Earth's core and upper mantle. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1984, 48:1183-1188.
20. Bruhn D., Groebner N., Kohlstedt D.L. An interconnected network of core-forming melts produced by shear deformation. Nature 2000, 403:883-886.
21. Canil D. Vanadium in peridotites, mantle redox and tectonic environments: Archean to present. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2002, 195:75-90.
22. Capobianco C.J., Amelin A. Metal/silicate partitioning of nickel and cobalt: the influence of temperature and oxygen fugacity. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1994, 58:125-140.
23. Capobianco C.J., Jones J.H., Drake M.J. Metal/silicate thermochemistry at high temperature: magma oceans and the "excess siderophile element" problem of the Earth's Upper Mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 1993, 98:5433-5443.
24. Capobianco C.J., Drake M.J., DeAro J.A. Siderophile geochemistry of Ga, Ge and Sn: cationic oxidation states in silicate melts and the effect of composition in iron-nickel alloys. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1999, 63:2667-2677.
25. Carmichael I.S.E. The redox state of basic and silicic magmas: a reflection of their source regions?. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 1991, 106:129-141.
26. Chabot N.L., Agee C.B. The behavior of Ni and Co during core formation. Lunar Planet. Sci. 2002, XXXIII:#1009.
27. Chabot N.L., Agee C.B. Core formation in the Earth and Moon: new experimental constraints from V, Cr, and Mn. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2003, 67:2077-2091.
28. Chabot N.L., Campbell A.J., Jones J.H., Humayun M., Agee C.B. Applying experimental partitioning results to iron meteorites: a test of Henry's law. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 2003, 38:181-196.
29. Chou C.-L., Shaw D.M., Crocket J.H. Siderophile trace elements in the Earth's oceanic crust and upper mantle. J. Geophys. Res. 1983, 88(suppl. 2):A507-A518.
30. Colson R.O. Solubility of neutral nickel in silicate melts and implications for Earth's siderophile element budget. Nature 1992, 357:65-68.
31. 3 perovskite/melt partitioning of trace elements: implications for gross mantle differentiation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2002, 29. 39-1-39-4.
32. Davies G.F. Heat and mass transport in the early Earth. Origin of the Earth 1990, 175-194. Oxford University Press, New York. H. Newsom, J.H. Jones (Eds.).
33. Dobson D., Brodholt J.P. The pressure medium as a solid-state oxygen buffer. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1999, 26:259-262.
34. Drake M.J. The oxidation state of europium as an indicator of oxygen fugacity. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1975, 39:55-64.
35. Drake M.J., Newsom H.E., Capobianco C.J. V, Cr, and Mn in the Earth, Moon, EPB, and SPB and the origin of the Moon: experimental studies. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1989, 53:2101-2111.
36. 2 at high temperatures and pressures. J. Geophys. Res. 1993, 98:5427-5431.
37. Draper D.S., Xirouchakis D., Agee C.B. Effect of majorite transformation on garnet-melt trace element partitioning. Lunar Planet. Sci. 2002, XXXIII. abstract 1306.
38. Draper D. S., Xirouchakis D., and Agee C. B. (2002) Garnet-melt Trace Element Partitioning from 5 to 9 GPa: Onset of Garnet to Majorite Transformation. AGU Spring Meeting, abstract #V52B-07.
39. Draper D.S., Xirouchakis D., Agee C.B. Trace element partitioning between garnet and chondritic melt from 5 to 9 GPa: implications for the onset of the majorite transformation in the martian mantle. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 2003, (in press).
40. Dreibus G., Palme H. Cosmochemical constraints on the sulfur content in the Earth's core. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1996, 60:1125-1130.
41. 3 perovskite in the deep mantle. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1998, 25:4253-4256.
42. Dunn T. (1993) The piston-cylinder appartus. In Experiments at High Pressure and Applications to the Earth's Mantle: Mineral. Assoc. Canada Short Course Handbook. vol. 21, pp. 39-94.
43. 2. Proc. 5th Int. Kimberlite Conf 1995, 5:160-169.
44. Ehlers K., Grove T.L., Sisson T.W., Recca S.L., Zervas D.A. The effect of oxygen fugacity on the partitioning of nickel and cobalt between olivine, silicate melt, and metal. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1992, 56:3733-3743.
45. Elliot J.F., Gleiser M., Ramakrishna V. Thermochemistry for Steelmaking 1963, Addison Wesley, Reading, MA.
46. Ertel W., O'Neill H., St C., Dingwell D.B., Spettel B. Solubility of tungsten in a haplobasaltic melt as a function of temperature and oxygen fugacity. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1996, 60:1171-1180.
47. Fleet M.E., Liu M., Crocket J.H. Partitioning of trace amounts of highly siderophile elements in the Fe-Ni-S system and their fractionation in nature. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1999, 63:2611-2622.
48. 3 on Fe-Mg partitioning between magnesiowüstite and magnesium silicate perovskite. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2002, 199:227-241.
49. Gaetani G.A., Grove T.L. Wetting of mantle olivine by sulfide melt: implications for Re/Os ratios in mantle peridotite and late-stage core formation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1999, 169:147-163.
50. Gasparik T., Drake M.J. Partitioning of elements among two silicate perovskites, superphase B, and volatile-bearing melt at 23 GPa and 1,500-1,600 °C. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1995, 134:307-318.
51. Gessmann C.K., Rubie D.C. The effect of temperature on the partitioning of nickel, cobalt, manganese, chromium and vanadium at 9 GPa and constraints on formation of the Earth's core. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1998, 62:867-882.
52. Gessmann C.K., Rubie D.C. Experimental evidence for the origin of the Cr, V and Mn depletions in the mantle of the Earth and implications for the origin of the Moon. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2000, 184:95-107.
53. Green T.H. Experimental studies of trace element partitioning applicable to igneous petrogenesis-Sedone 16 years later. Chem. Geol. 1994, 117:1-36.
54. Hall H.T. Some high pressure, high temperature apparatus design considerations, equipment for use at 200,000 atmospheres and 3,000 deg. Rev. Sci. Instru. 1958, 29:267-275.
55. 2+ partitioning between olivine and liquid in the presence of spinel. Am. Mineral. 1998, 83:669-684.
56. Hauri E. H., Minarik W. G., and Fei Y. (1998) Isotopic constraints on the preservation of primordial heterogeneity in the Earth's mantle. In Origin of the Earth and Moon Conference, Monterrey, CA, LPI Contribution No. 957, Houston, Texas, pp. 12-13 (abstract).
57. Hillgren V. J. (1993) Partitioning behavior of moderately siderophile elements in Ni-rich systems: implications for the Earth and Moon. PhD Thesis, University of Arizona, 119p.
58. Hillgren V.J., Drake M.J., Rubie D.C. High pressure and temperature experiments on core-mantle segregation in the accreting Earth. Science 1994, 264:1442-1445.
59. Hillgren V.J., Drake M.J., Rubie D.C. High pressure and high temperature metal/silicate partitioning of siderophile elements: the importance of silicate liquid composition. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1996, 60:2257-2263.
60. Hofmeister A.M. Effect of a Hadean terrestrial magma ocean on crust and mantle evolution. J. Geophys. Res. 1983, 88:4963-4983.
61. 2. Euro. J. Mineral. 1992, 4:105-114.
62. 3 from high temperature electrochemical measurements. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1999, 59:475-479.
63. Holzheid A., Palme H. The influence of FeO in the solubilities of Co and Ni in silicate melts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1996, 60:1181-1193.
64. Holzheid A., Borisov A., Palme H. The effect of oxygen fugacity and temperature on solubilities of nickel, cobalt and molybdenum in silicate melts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1994, 58:1975-1981.
65. Holzheid A., Palme H., Chakraborty S. The activities of NiO, CoO and FeO in silicate melts. Chem. Geol. 1997, 139:21-38.
66. Irving A.J. A review of experimental studies of crystal/liquid trace element partitioning. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1978, 42:743-770.
67. Ito E., Katsura T., Suzuki T. Metal/silicate partitioning of Mn, Co, and Ni at high pressures and high temperatures and implications for core formation in a deep magma ocean. Geophysical Monograph 101 1998, 215-225. AGU, Washington, DC. M.H. Manghnani (Ed.).
68. Jaeger W.L., Drake M.J. Solubilities of W, Ga and Co in silicate melts as a function of melt composition. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2000, 64:3887-3895.
69. Jana D., Walker D. The impact of carbon on element distribution during core formation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1997, 61:2759-2763.
70. Jana D., Walker D. The influence of sulfur on partitioning of siderophile elements. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1997, 61:5255-5277.
71. Jana D., Walker D. Core formation in the presence of various C-H-O volatiles. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1999, 63:2299-2310.
72. Jochum K.P., Hofmann A.W. Antimony in mantle derived rocks. Chem. Geol. 1997, 139:39-49.
73. Jones J.H. Experimental trace element partitioning. Rock Physics and Phase Relations: A Handbook of Physical Constants: AGU Reference Shelf Volume 3 1995, 73-104. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. T.J. Ahrens (Ed.).
74. Jones J.H. Uncertainties in modeling core formation. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 1998, 33:A79-A80.
75. Jones J.H., Drake M.J. Experimental investigations of trace element fractionation in iron meteorites: II. The influence of sulfur. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1983, 47:1199-1209.
76. Jones J.H., Drake M.J. Geochemical constraints on core formation. Nature 1986, 322:221-228.
77. Jones J.H., Capobianco C.J., Drake M.J. Siderophile elements and the Earth's formation. Science 1992, 257:1281-1282.
78. Karato S.-I., Murthy V.R. Core formation and chemical equilibrium in the Earth: I. Physical considerations. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 1997, 100:61-79.
79. Kasting J.F. Runaway and moist greenhouse atmospheres and the evolution of Earth and Venus. Icarus 1988, 74:472-494.
80. Kasting J.F., Eggler D.H., Raeburn S.P. Mantle redox evolution and the oxidation state of the Archean atmosphere. J. Geol. 1993, 101:245-257.
81. Kato T., Ringwood A.E., Irifune T. Experimental determination of element partitioning between silicate perovskites, garnets and liquids: constraints on early differentiation of the mantle. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1988, 89:123-145.
82. 3 perovskite and liquid determined by direct measurements. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1988, 90:65-68.
83. Kato T., Ohtani E., Ito Y., Onuma K. Element partitioning between silicate perovskites and calcic ultrabasic melt. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 1996, 96:201-207.
84. Kawai N., Endo S. Generation of ultrahigh hydrostatic pressures by a split sphere apparatus. Rev. Sci. Instr. 1970, 41:1178-1181.
85. 3 and the effect of composition, temperature, oxygen fugacity and pressure on their redox states. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 1991, 108:82-92.
86. Kump L.R., Kasting J.F., Barley M.E. Rise of atmospheric oxygen and the "upside-down" Archean mantle. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. 2001, 2:1-10. paper no. 2000GC000114.
87. Lauer H.V., Jones J.H. Tungsten and nickel partitioning between solid and liquid metal: implications for high pressure metal/silicate experiments. Lunar Planet. Sci. 1999, XXX:#1617.
88. 3 perovskite: a highly oxidized component of the lower mantle. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 2000, 138:17-26.
89. Li J., Agee C.B. Geochemistry of mantle-core formation at high pressure. Nature 1996, 381:686-689.
90. Li J., Agee C.B. The effect of pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity and composition on partitioning of nickel and cobalt between liquid Fe-Ni-S alloy and liquid silicate: implications for the Earth's core formation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2001, 65:1821-1832.
91. Liu M., Fleet M.E. Partitioning of siderophile elements (W, Mo, As, Ag, Ge, Ga, and Sn) and Si in the Fe-S system and their fractionation in iron meteorites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2001, 65:671-682.
92. Malvin D.J., Jones J.H., Drake M.J. Experimental investigations of trace element fractionation in iron meteorites: III. Elemental partitioning in the system Fe-Ni-S-P. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1986, 50:1221-1231.
93. Mao H.K., Hemley R.J. New windows on the Earth's deep interior. Rev. Mineral. The Mineralogical Society of America 1998, vol. 37:1-32. Washington, DC. R.J. Hemley (Ed.).
94. McCammon C. Perovskite as a possible sink for ferric iron in the lower mantle. Nature 1997, 387:694-696.
95. McDonough W.F., Sun S.-S. The composition of the Earth. Chem. Geol. 1995, 120:223-253.
96. McFarlane E. A. (1994) Differentiation in the early Earth: an experimental investigation. PhD Thesis. University of Arizona, 153pp.
97. McFarlane E.A., Drake M.J. Element partitioning and the early thermal history of the Earth. Origin of the Earth 1990, 135-150. Oxford University Press, New York. H.E. Newsom, J.H. Jones (Eds.).
98. McFarlane E.A., Drake M.J., Rubie D.C. Element partitioning between Mg-perovskite, magnesiowüstite, and silicate melt at conditions of the Earth's mantle. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1994, 58:5161-5172.
99. Minarik W.G., Ryerson F.J., Watson E.B. Textural entrapment of core-forming melts. Science 1996, 272:530-532.
100. Minarik W. G. (2002) Trace-element perovskite/melt partitioning at the top of the upper mantle or the bottom of the magma ocean. AGU Spring Meeting, abstract #V52B-08.
101. Murthy V.R. Early differentiation of the Earth and the problem of mantle siderophile elements: a new approach. Science 1991, 253:303-306.
102. Myers J., Eugster H. The system Fe-Si-O: oxygen buffer calibrations to 1,500 K. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 1983, 82:75-85.
103. Mysen B.O. Relations between structure, redox equilibria of iron, and properties of magmatic liquids. Physical Chemistry of Magmas 1991, 41-98. Springer, New York. L.L. Perchuk, I. Kushiro (Eds.).
104. Newsom H., Drake M.J. The metal content of the eucrite parent body: constraints from the partitioning behavior of tungsten. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1982, 46:2483-2489.
105. Newsom H., Drake M.J. Experimental investigations of the partitioning of phosphorus between metal and silicate phases: implications for the Earth, Moon and eucrite parent body. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1983, 47:93-100.
106. Newsom H., Sims K.W.W. Core formation during early accretion of the Earth. Science 1991, 252:926-933.
107. Ohtani E. Ultrahigh-pressure melting of a model chondritic mantle and pyrolite compositions. Geophysical Monograph 39 1987, 87-93. AGU, Washington, DC. M.H. Manghnani, Y. Syono (Eds.).
108. Ohtani E., Yurimoto H. Element partitioning between metallic liquid, magnesiowüstite and silicate liquid at 20 GPa and 2,500 °C: a SIMS study. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1996, 23:1993-1996.
109. Ohtani E., Kawabe I., Moriyama J., Nagata Y. Partitioning of elements between majorite garnet and melt and implications for the petrogenesis of komatiite. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 1989, 103:263-269.
110. 3 perovskite, magma, and molten iron: constraints for the earliest processes of the Earth-Moon system. The Earth's Central Part: Its Structure and Dynamics 1995, 287-300. Terra Scientific, Tokyo, Japan. T. Yukutake (Ed.).
111. Ohtani E., Yurimoto H., Seto S. Element partitioning between metallic liquid, silicate liquid, and lower-mantle minerals: implications for core formation of the Earth. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 1997, 100:97-114.
112. 4. Am. Mineral. 1987, 72:280-291.
113. O'Neill H C. Siderophile elements and the Earth's formation. Science 1992, 257:1282-1285.
114. O'Neill H C., Rubie D.C., Canil D., Geiger C.A., Ross C.R., Seifert F., Woodland A.B. Ferric iron in the upper mantle and in transition zone assemblages: implications for relative oxygen fugacities in the mantle. Geophysical Monograph 74 1993, 73-88. AGU, Washington, DC. E. Takahashi, R. Jeanloz, D. Rubie (Eds.).
115. Onodera A. Octahedral-anvil high pressure devices. High Temp.-High Press. 1987, 19:579-609.
116. Pak J.J., Fruehan R.J. Soda slag system for hot metal dephosphorization. Met. Trans. 1986, 17B:797-804.
117. 3+ concentrations in natural phases. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1970, 9:257-268.
118. 2 oxygen buffer from EMF and NiO+Ni-Pd redox sensor measurements. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 1994, 118:130-137.
119. Putirka K. Garnet + liquid equilibrium. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 1998, 131:273-288.
120. Righter K. Metal/silicate partitioning of siderophile elements and core formation in the early Earth. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2003, 31:135-174.
121. Righter K., Drake M.J. The effect of pressure on siderophile element (Ni, Co, Mo, W and P) metal/silicate partition coefficients. Meteoritics 1995, 30:565-566.
122. Righter K., Drake M.J. Metal/silicate equilibrium in a homogeneously accreting Earth: new results for Re. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1997, 146:541-553.
123. Righter K., Drake M.J. Effect of water on metal/silicate partitioning of siderophile elements: a high pressure and temperature terrestrial magma ocean and core formation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1999, 171:383-399.
124. Righter K., Drake M.J. Metal/silicate equilibrium in the early Earth: new constraints from volatile moderately siderophile elements Ga, Sn, Cu and P. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2000, 64:3581-3597.
125. Righter K., Drake M.J. Constraints on the depth of an early terrestrial magma ocean. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 2001, 36:A173.
126. 2 and silicate and metallic melt composition. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 1997, 100:115-134.
127. Righter K., Walker R.J., Warren P.W. The origin and significance of highly siderophile elements in the lunar and terrestrial mantles. Origin of the Earth and Moon 2000, 291-322. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. R.M. Canup, K. Righter (Eds.).
128. Rubie D.C. Characterising the sample environment in multianvil high-pressure experiments. Phase Trans. 1999, 68:431-451.
129. Rubie D.C., Melosh H.J., Reid J.E., Liebske C., Righter K. Mechanisms of metal/silicate equilibration in the terrestrial magma ocean. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2003, 205:239-255.
130. Rushmer T., Minarik W.G., Taylor G.J. Physical processes of core formation. Origin of the Earth and Moon 2000, 227-243. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. R.M. Canup, K. Righter (Eds.).
131. Sato M. A possible role of carbon in characterizing the oxidation state of a planetary interior and originating a metallic core. Lunar Planet. Sci. 1978, IX:990-992.
132. Sato M. The oxidation state of the upper mantle: thermochemical modeling and experimental evidence. Proc. 27th Int. Geol. Congress 1984, 11:405-433.
133. Schmitt W., Palme H., Wanke H. Experimental determination of metal/silicate partition coefficients for P, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, Mo, W and some implications for the early evolution of the Earth. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1989, 53:173-186.
134. Schnetzler C.C., Philpotts J.A. Alkali, alkaline earth, and rare earth element concentrations in some Apollo 12 soils, rocks, and separated phases. Proc. 2nd Lunar Sci. Conf. 1971, 1101-1122.
135. Shannon M.C., Agee C.B. High pressure constraints on percolative core formation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1996, 23:2717-2720.
136. Shannon M.C., Agee C.B. Percolation of core melts at lower mantle conditions. Science 1998, 280:1059-1061.
137. Solomotov V.S. Fluid dynamics of a terrestrial magma ocean. Origin of the Earth and Moon 2000, 323-338. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. R.M. Canup, K. Righter (Eds.).
138. Stadermann F.J., Walker R.M., Zinner E. Sub-micron isotopic measurements with the CAMECA NanoSIMS. Lunar Planet. Sci. 1999, XXX. abstract #1407.
139. 3 perovskite. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28:615-618.
140. Stevenson D.J. Fluid dynamics of core formation. The Origin of the Earth 1990, 231-249. Oxford University Press, London. H. Newsom, J.H. Jones (Eds.).
141. Suzuki T., Akaogi M. Element partitioning between olivine and silicate melt under high pressure. Phys. Chem. Mineral. 1995, 22:411-418.
142. Taura H., Yurimoto H., Kato T., Sueno S. Trace element partitioning between silicate perovskites and ultracalcic melt. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 2001, 124:25-32.
143. Taylor J.R., Wall V.J., Pownceby M.I. The calibration and application of accurate redox sensors. Am. Mineral. 1992, 77:284-295.
144. Taylor S.R., McLennan S.M. The Continental Crust, its Composition and Evolution: An Examination of the Geochemical Record Preserved in Sedimentary Rocks 1985, Blackwell, Palo Alto, CA.
145. Thibault Y., Walter M.J. The influence of pressure and temperature on the metal/silicate partition coefficients of nickel and cobalt in a model C1 chondrite and implications for metal segregation in a deep magma ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1995, 59:991-1002.
146. Tonks B., Melosh H.J. The physics of crystal settling and suspension in a turbulent magma ocean. The Origin of the Earth 1990, 151-174. Oxford University Press, London. H. Newsom, J.H. Jones (Eds.).
147. Tronnes R.G., Canil D., Wei K. Element partitioning between silicate minerals and coexisting melts at pressures of 1-27 GPa, and implications for mantle evolution. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1992, 111:241-255.
148. Tschauner O., Zerr A., Specht S., Rocholl A., Boehler R., Palme H. Partitioning of nickel and cobalt between silicate perovskite and metal at pressures up to 80 GPa. Nature 1999, 398:604-607.
149. Walker D. Lubrication, gasketing, and precision in multianvil experiments. Am. Mineral. 1991, 76:1092-1100.
150. Walker D., Carpenter M.A., Hitch C.M. Some simplifications to multianvil devices for high pressure experiments. Am. Mineral. 1990, 75:1020-1028.
151. Walker D., Norby L., Jones J.H. Superheating effects on metal/silicate partitioning of siderophile elements. Science 1993, 262:1858-1861.
152. Walter M.J., Thibault Y. Partitioning of tungsten and molybdenum between metallic liquid and silicate melt. Science 1995, 270:1186-1189.
153. Walter M.J., Newsom H., Ertel W., Holzheid A. Siderophile elements in the Earth and Moon: metal/silicate partitioning and implications for core formation. Origin of the Earth and Moon 2000, 265-290. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. R.M. Canup, K. Righter (Eds.).
154. Wanke H. Constitution of terrestrial planets. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 1981, 393:287-302.
155. Weill D.F., McKay G.A., Kridelbaugh S.J., Grutzeck M. Modeling the evolution of Sm and Eu abundances during lunar igneous differentiation. Proc. 5th Lunar Sci. Conf. 1974, 5:1337-1352.
156. Willis J., Goldstein J.I. The effects of C, P and S on trace element partitioning during solidification of Fe-Ni alloys. Proc. 13th Lunar Planet. Sci Conf., J. Geophys. Res. 1982, 87:A435-A445.
157. Wood B.J. Oxygen barometry of spinel peridotites. Rev. Mineral., The Mineralogical Society of American 1991, vol. 25:417-431. Washington, DC. D.H. Lindsley (Ed.).
158. Wood B.J. Phase transformations and partitioning relations in peridotite under lower mantle conditions. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2000, 174:341-354.
159. Yurimoto H., Ohtani E. Element partitioning between majorite and liquid: a SIMS study. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1992, 19:17-20.
160. Zahnle K., Kasting J.F., Pollack J.B. Evolution of a steam atmosphere during Earth's accretion. Icarus 1988, 74:62-97.
161. Zerr A., Diegeler A., Boehler R. Solidus of Earth's deep mantle. Science 1998, 281:243-246.
162. Zhang J., Herzberg C. Melting experiments on anhydrous peridotite KLB-1: composition of magmas in the upper mantle and transition zone. J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101:8271-8295.