Transport of volume, heat, and salt towards the Arctic in the Faroe Current 1993-2013

Ocean Science

Volumn 11, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 743-757

  Hansen, B ^a   Larsen, K M H ^a   Hatun H ^a   Kristiansen, R ^a   Mortensen, E ^a   Osterhus S ^b  

^a FAROE MARINE RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Faroe Islands)

^b Uni Research Climate   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT; CURRENT VELOCITY; GYRE; HEAT TRANSFER; HYDROGRAPH; IN SITU MEASUREMENT; INFLOW; SALINITY; SALT; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; VOLUME CHANGE; VOLUME TRANSPORT;

ARCTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTHEAST); FAROE ISLANDS; GREENLAND-SCOTLAND RIDGE; ICELAND; NORTH ATLANTIC CURRENT; NORWEGIAN SEA;

EID: 84942315211     PISSN: 18120784     EISSN: 18120792     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/os-11-743-2015     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. A rthun, M., Eldevik, T., Smedsrud, L. H., Skagseth, O., and Ingvaldsen, R. B.: Quantifying the influence of Atlantic heat on Barents Sea ice variability and retreat, J. Climate, 25, 4736-4743, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00466.1, 2012.
2. Berx, B., Hansen, B., Osterhus, S., Larsen, K. M., Sherwin, T., and Jochumsen, K.: Combining in situ measurements and altimetry to estimate volume, heat and sal t transport variability through the Faroe-Shetland Channel, Ocean Sci., 9, 639-654, doi:10.5194/os-9-639-2013, 2013.
3. Childers, K. H., Flagg, C. N., and Rossby, T.: Direct velocity observations of volume flux between Iceland and the Shetland Islands, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 119, 5934-5944, doi:10.1002/2014JC009946, 2014.
4. Collins, M., Knutti, R., Arblaster, J., Dufresne, J.-L., Fichefet, T., Friedli ngstein, P., Gao, X., Gutowski, W. J., Johns, T., Krinner, G., Shongwe, N., Tebaldi, C.,Weaver, A. J., andWehner, M.: Long-term climate change: projections, commitments and irreversibility, Chap. 12, in: Climate Change 2013: the Physical Science Basis. Contribution ofWorking Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A ., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, New York, NY, USA, 2013.
5. Glessmer, M. S., Eldevik, T., Våge, K., Nilsen, J. E. O., and Behrens, E.: Atlantic origin of observed and modelled freshwater anomalies in the Nordic Seas, Nat. Geosci., 7, 801-805, doi:10.1038/NGEO2259, 2014.
6. Hansen, B. and O sterhus, S.: Faroe Bank Channel overflow 1995-2005, Prog. Oceanogr., 75, 817-856, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2007.09.004, 2007.
7. Hansen, B., O sterhus, S., Hátún, H., Kristiansen, R., and Larsen, K. M. H.: The Iceland-Faroe inflow of Atlantic water to the Nordic Seas, Prog. Oceanogr., 59, 443-474, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2003.10.003, 2003.
8. Hansen, B., O sterhus, S., Quadfasel, D., and Turrell, W.: Already the day after tomorrow?, Science, 305, 953-954, 2004.
9. Hansen, B., O sterhus, S., Turrell, W. R., Jónsson, S., Valdimarsson, H., Hátún, H., and Olsen, S. M.: The inflow of Atlantic water, heat, and salt to the Nordic Seas across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge, Chap. 1, in: Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes: Definin g the Role of the Northern Seas in Climate, edited by: Dickson, R. R., Meincke, J., and Rhines, P., Springer Science C Business Media B. V., 15-43, 2008.
10. Hansen, B., H átún, H., Kristiansen, R., Olsen, S. M., and O sterhus, S.: Stability and forcing of the Iceland-Faroe inflow of water, heat, and salt to the Arctic, Ocean Sci., 6, 1013-1026, doi:10.5194/os-6-1013-2010, 2010.
11. Há tún, H. and McClimans, T. A.: Monitoring the Faroe Current using altimetry and coastal sea-level data, Cont. Shelf Res., 23, 859-868, doi:10.1016/S0278-4343(03)00059-1, 2003.
12. Há tún, H., Hansen, B., and Haugan, P.: Using an "inverse d ynamic method" to determine temperature and salinity fields from ADCP measurements, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 21, 527-534, 2004.
13. Há tún, H., Sandø, A. B., Drange, H., Hansen, B., and Valdimarsson, H.: Influence of the Atlantic subpolar gyre on the thermohaline circulation, Science, 309, 1841-1844, 2005.
14. Häkkinen, S. and Rhines, P. B.: Decline of subpolar North Atlantic circulation during the 1990s, Science, 304, 555-559, 2004.
15. Jakobsen, P. K., Ribergaard, M. H., Quadfasel, D., Schmith, T., and Hughes, C. W.: Near-s urface circulation in the northern North Atlantic as inferred from Lagrangian drifters: variability from the mesoscale to interannual, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 108, 3251, doi:10.1029/2002JC001554, 2003.
16. Jochumsen, K., Quadfasel, D., Valdimarsson, H., and Jonsson, S.: Variability of the Denmark Strait overflow: moored time series from 1996-2011, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 117, C12003, doi:10.1029/2012JC008244, 2012.
17. Joch umsen, K., Köllner, M., Quadfasel, D., Dye, S., Rudels, B., and Valdimarsson, H.: On the origin and propagation of Denmark Strait overflow water anomalies in the Irminger Basin, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 120, 1841-1855, doi:10.1002/2014JC010397, 2015.
18. Jónsson, S. and Valdimarsson, H.: Water mass transport variability to the North Icelandic shelf, 1994-2010, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 69, 809-815, doi:10.1093/icesjms/fss024, 2012.
19. Larsen, K. M. H., Hátún, H., Hansen, B., and Kristiansen, R.: Atlantic water in the Faroe area: sources and variability, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 69, 802-808, doi:10.1093/icesjms/fss028, 2012.
20. Latif, M., Roeckner, E., Mikolajewicz, U., and Voss, R.: Tropical stabilization of the thermohaline circulation in a greenhouse warming simulation, J. Climate, 13, 1809-1813, 2000.
21. Mork, K. A., Skagseth, O., Ivshin, V., Ozhigin, V., Hughes, S. L., and Valdimarsson, H.: Advective and atmospheric forced changes in heat and freshwater content in the Norwegian Sea, 19 51-2010, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 6221-6228, doi:10.1002/2014GL061038, 2014.
22. Olsen, S. M., Hansen, B., Osterhus, S., Quadfasel, D., and Valdimarsson, H.: Biased thermohaline exchanges with the arctic across the Ice land-Faroe Ridge in ocean climate models, Ocean Sci. Discuss., 12, 1471-1510, doi:10.5194/osd-12-1471-2015, 2015.
23. Onarheim, I. H., Smedsrud, L. H., Ingvaldsen, R. B., and Nilsen, F.: Loss of sea ice during winter north of Svalbard, Tellus A, 66, 23933, doi:10.3402/tellusa.v66.23933, 2014.
24. Orvik, K. A. and Niiler, P.: Major pathways of Atlantic water in the northern North Atlantic and Nordic Seas toward Arctic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1896, doi:10.1029/2002GL015002, 2002.
25. O sterhus, S., Turrell, W. R., Jónsson, S., and Hansen, B.: Measured volume, heat, and salt fluxes from the Atlantic to the Arctic Medit erranean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L07603, doi:10.1029/2004GL022188, 2005.
26. Prandle, D., Ballard, G., Flatt, D., Harrison, A. J., Jones, S. E., Knight, P. J., Loch, S., McManus, J., Player, R., and Tappin, A.: Combining modelling and monitoring to determine fluxes of water, dissolved and particulate metals through the Dover Strait, Cont. Shelf Res., 16, 237-257, 1996.
27. Rahmstorf, S., Box , J. E., Feulner, G., Mann, M. E., Robinson, A., Rutherford, S., and Schaffernicht, E. J.: Exceptional twentiethcentury slowdown in Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 475-480, doi:10.1038/nclimate2554, 2015.
28. Rippeth, T. P., Lincoln, B. J., Lenn, Y.-D., Green, J. A. M., Sundfjord, A., and Bacon, S.: Tide-mediated warming of Arctic halocline by Atlantic heat fluxes over rough topography, Nat. Geosci., 8, 191-194, doi:10.1038/NGEO2350, 2015.
29. Robson, J., Hodson, D., Hawkins, E., and Sutton, R.: Atlantic overturning in decline, Nat. Geosci., 7, 2-3, 2014.
30. Rossby, T. and Flagg, C. N.: Direct measurement of volume flux in the Faroe-Shetland Channel and over the Iceland-Faroe Ridge, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L07602, doi:10.1029/2012GL051269, 2012.
31. Rossby, T., Prater, M. D., and Søiland, H.: Pathways of inflow and dispersion of warm waters in the Nordic seas, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 114, C04011, doi:10.1029/2008JC005073, 2009.
32. Sandø , A. B., Nilsen, J. E. O., Eldevik, T., and Bentsen, M.: Mechanisms for variable North Atlantic-Nordic seas exchanges, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 117, C12006, doi:10.1029/2012JC008177, 2012.
33. Skagseth, O . and Mork, K. A.: Heat content in the Norwegian Sea, 1995-2010, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 69, 826-832, doi:10.1093/icesjms/fss026, 2012.
34. Stommel, H.: Thermohaline convection with two stable regimes of flow, Tellus, 13, 224-230, 1961.
35. Turrell,W. R., Henderson, E.W., and Slesser, G.: Residual transport within the fair isle current observed during the Autumn Circulation Experiment (ACE), Cont. Shelf Res., 10, 521-543, 1990.
36. Utne, K. R., Huse, G., Ottersen, G., Holst, J. C., Zabavnikov, V., Jacobsen, J. A., Oskarsson, G. J., and Nøttestad, L .: Horizontal distribution and overlap of planktivorous fish stocks in the Norwegian Sea during summers 1995-2006, Mar. Biol. Res., 8, 420-441, 2012.
37. Woodgate, R. A., Weingartner, T. J., and Lind say, R.: Observed increases in Bering Strait oceanic fluxes from the Pacific to the Arctic from 2001 to 2011 and their impacts on the Arctic Ocean water column, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L24603, doi:10.1029/2012GL054092, 2012 .