Assessment of the accuracy of (re)analyses in the equatorial lower stratosphere

Journal of Geophysical Research

Volumn 119, Issue 19, 2014, Pages 11,166-11,188

  Podglajen, Aurélien ^a   Hertzog, Albert ^a   Plougonven, Riwal ^a   Žagar, Nedjeljka ^b  

^a ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA   (Slovenia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; DATA SET; EQUATORIAL WAVE; EXTRATROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; KELVIN WAVE; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; STRATOSPHERE; STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE INTERACTION; TRAJECTORY; WEATHER FORECASTING;

INDIAN OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (WEST);

EID: 84942192327     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: 21562202     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2014JD021849     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Anthes, R. A., et al. (2008), The COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 mission: Early results, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 12(6), 313–333, doi:10.1175/BAMS-89-3-313.
2. Arakawa, A., and W. Schubert (1974), Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment. Part 1, J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674–701, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<0674:IOACCE>2.0.CO;2.
3. Baker, W. E., et al. (2013), Lidar-measured wind profiles: The missing link in the global observing system, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 94, 543–564, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00164.1.
4. Baldwin, M. P., et al. (2001), The quasi-biennial oscillation, Rev. Geophys., 39, 179–229.
5. Bauer, P., E. Andersson, and D. Richardson (2013), New model cycle 38r2, ECMWF Newsletter, 136, 8–8.
6. Bechtold, P. M., M. Koehler, T. Jung, F. Doblas-Reyes, M. Leutbecher, M. J. Rodwell, F. Vitart, and G. Balsamo (2008), Advances in simulating atmospheric variability with the ECMWF model: From synoptic to decadal time-scales, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 134, 1337–1351.
7. Bergman, J. W., and M. L. Salby (1994), Equatorial wave activity derived from fluctuations in observed convection, J. Atmos. Sci., 51(24), 3791–3806.
8. Boccara, G., A. Hertzog, C. Basdevant, and F. Vial (2008), Accuracy of NCEP/NCAR reanalyses and ECMWF analyses in the lower stratosphere over Antarctica in 2005, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D20115, doi:10.1029/2008JD010116.
9. Boehm, M., and J. Verlinde (2000), Stratospheric influence on upper tropospheric tropical cirrus, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 3209–3212.
10. Boville, B. A., and W. J. Randel (1992), Equatorial waves in a stratospheric GCM: Effects of vertical resolution, J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 785–801.
11. Dee, D. P., et al. (2011), The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 137(656), 553–597, doi:10.1002/qj.828.
12. Dinh, T., D. R. Durran, and T. Ackerman (2012), Cirrus and water vapor transport in the tropical tropopause layer: Part 1—A specific case modeling study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12(20), 9799–9815, doi:10.5194/acp-12-9799-2012.
13. Ern, M., P. Preusse, M. Krebsbach, M. G. Mlynczak, and J. M. Russell III (2008), Equatorial wave analysis from SABER and ECMWF temperatures, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8(4), 845–869, doi:10.5194/acp-8-845-2008.
14. Evan, S., M. J. Alexander, and J. Dudhia (2012), WRF simulations of convectively generated gravity waves in opposite QBO phases, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D12117, doi:10.1029/2011JD017302.
15. Flannaghan, T. J., and S. Fueglistaler (2012), Tracking Kelvin waves from the equatorial troposphere into the stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D21108, doi:10.1029/2012JD017448.
16. Flannaghan, T. J., and S. Fueglistaler (2013), The importance of the tropical tropopause layer for equatorial Kelvin wave propagation, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 5160–5175, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50418.
17. Fueglistaler, S., and Q. Fu (2006), Impact of clouds on radiative heating rates in the tropical lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23202, doi:10.1029/2006JD007273.
18. Fueglistaler, S., M. Bonazzola, P. H. Haynes, and T. Peter (2005), Stratospheric water vapor predicted from the Lagrangian temperature history of air entering the stratosphere in the tropics, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D08107, doi:10.1029/2004JD005516.
19. Fueglistaler, S., A. E. Dessler, T. J. Dunkerton, I. Folkins, Q. Fu, and P. W. Mote (2009), Tropical tropopause layer, Rev. Geophys., 47(1), RG1004, doi:10.1029/2008RG000267.
20. Hasebe, F., et al. (2013), Cold trap dehydration in the tropical tropopause layer characterised by SOWER chilled-mirror hygrometer network data in the Tropical Pacific, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 4393–4411, doi:10.5194/acp-13-4393-2013.
21. Hertzog, A., C. Basdevant, F. Vial, and C. R. Mechoso (2004), The accuracy of stratospheric analyses in the Northern Hemisphere inferred from long-duration balloon flights, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 130, 607–626.
22. Hertzog, A., C. Basdevant, and F. Vial (2006), An assessment of ECMWF and NCEP-NCAR reanalyses in the Southern Hemisphere at the end of the pre-satellite era: Results from the EOLE experiment (1971–72), Mon. Weather Rev., 134, 3367–3383.
23. Hertzog, A., et al. (2007), Strateole/Vorcore: Long-duration, superpressure balloons to study the Antarctic lower stratosphere during the 2005 winter, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 24(12), 2048–2061, doi:10.1175/2007JTECHA948.1.
24. Horanyi, A., M. Rennie, and L. Isaksen (2013), The expected NWP impact of Aeolus wind observations, ECMWF Newsletter, 137, 23–29.
25. Horinouchi, T., et al. (2003), Tropical cumulus convection and upward-propagating waves in middle-atmospheric GCMs, J. Atmos. Sci., 60(22), 2765–2782, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2765:TCCAUW>2.0.CO;2.
26. Kawatani, Y., S. Watanabe, K. Sato, T. J. Dunkerton, S. Miyahara, and M. Takahashi (2010), The roles of equatorial trapped waves and internal inertia-gravity waves in driving the quasi-biennial oscillation. Part I: Zonal mean wave forcing, J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 963–980, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3222.1.
27. Kidd, C., E. Dawkins, and G. Huffman (2013), Comparison of precipitation derived from the ECMWF operational forecast model and satellite precipitation datasets, J. Hydrometeorol., 14, 1463–1482, doi:10.1175/JHM-D-12-0182.1.
28. Kim, J.-E., and M. Alexander (2013a), A new wave scheme for trajectory simulations of stratospheric water vapor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5286–5290, doi:10.1002/grl.50963.
29. Kim, J.-E., and M. J. Alexander (2013b), Tropical precipitation variability and convectively coupled equatorial waves on submonthly timescales in reanalyses and TRMM, J. Clim., 26, 3013–3030, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00353.1.
30. Knudsen, B. M., T. Christensen, A. Hertzog, A. Deme, F. Vial, and J.-P. Pommereau (2006), Accuracy of analyzed temperatures, winds and trajectories in the Southern Hemisphere tropical and midlatitude stratosphere as compared to long-duration balloon flights, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5391–5397.
31. Lindzen, R. (1971), Equatorial planetary waves in shear, J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 609–622.
32. Liu, Y. S., S. Fueglistaler, and P. H. Haynes (2010), Advection-condensation paradigm for stratospheric water vapor, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D24307, doi:10.1029/2010JD014352.
33. Lott, F., J. Kuttippurath, and F. Vial (2009), A climatology of the gravest waves in the equatorial lower and middle stratosphere: Method and comparison between the Era-40 re-analysis and the LMDz-GCM, J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 1327–1346.
34. Massman, W. J. (1978), On the nature of vertical oscillations of constant volume balloons, J. Appl. Meteorol., 17, 1351–1356.
35. Matsuno, T. (1966), Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 44, 25–43.
36. Ortland, D. A., M. J. Alexander, and A. W. Grimsdel (2011), On the wave spectrum generated by tropical heating, J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 2042–2060, doi:10.1175/2011JAS3718.1.
37. Rabier, F., et al. (2010), The Concordiasi project in Antactica, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 91(1), 69–86, doi:10.1175/2009BAMS2764.1.
38. Reverdy, M., V. Noel, H. Chepfer, and B. Legras (2012), On the origin of subvisible cirrus clouds in the tropical upper troposphere, Atmos Chem. Phys., 12(6), 14,875–14,926, doi:10.5194/acpd-12-14875-2012.
39. Rienecker, M. M., et al. (2011), MERRA: NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, J. Clim., 24, 3624–3648, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1.
40. Schoeberl, M. R., A. E. Dessler, and T. Wang (2012), Simulation of stratospheric water vapor and trends using three reanalyses, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 6475–6487, doi:10.5194/acp-12-6475-2012.
41. Stoffelen, A., et al. (2005), The atmospheric dynamics mission for global wind field measurement, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86, 73–87, doi:10.1175/BAMS-86-1-73.
42. Suzuki, J., M. Fujiwara, T. Nishizawa, R. Shirooka, K. Yoneyama, M. Katsumata, I. Matsui, and N. Sugimoto (2013), The occurrence of cirrus clouds associated with eastward propagating equatorial n=0 inertio-gravity and Kelvin waves in November 2011 during the CINDY2011/DYNAMO campaign, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 12,941–12,947, doi:10.1002/2013JD019960.
43. Tiedtke, M. (1989), A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 1779–1800, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1779:ACMFSF>2.0.CO;2.
44. Vial, F., A. Hertzog, C. R. Mechoso, C. Basdevant, P. Cocquerez, V. Dubourg, and F. Nouel (2001), A study of the dynamics of the equatorial lower stratosphere by use of ultra-long-duration balloons: 1. Planetary scales, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D19), 22,725–22,743, doi:10.1029/2000JD000241.
45. Žagar, N., N. Gustafsson, and E. Källén (2004), Variational data assimilation in the tropics: The impact of a background error constraint, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 130, 103–125.
46. Žagar, N., J. Tribbia, J. L. Anderson, and K. Raeder (2009), Uncertainties of estimates of inertio-gravity energy in the atmosphere. Part II: large-scale equatorial waves, Mon. Weather Rev., 137, 3858–3873.
47. Žagar, N., L. Isaksen, D. Tan, and J. Tribbia (2013), Balance and flow-dependency of background-error variances in the ECMWF 4D-Var ensemble, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 139, 1229–1238, doi:10.1002/qj.2033..
48. Wheeler, M., and G. T. Kiladis (1999), Convectively coupled equatorial waves: Analysis of clouds and temperature in the wavenumber-frequency domain, J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 374–399, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0374:CCEWAO>2.0.CO;2.
49. Yanai, M., and T. Maruyama (1966), Stratospheric wave disturbances in the tropical stratosphere, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn., 44, 291–294.