Simulation of stratospheric water vapor and trends using three reanalyses

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 12, Issue 14, 2012, Pages 6475-6487

  Schoeberl, M R ^a   Dessler, A E ^b   Wang, T ^b  

^a SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION   (United States)

^b TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPLITUDE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; BALLOON OBSERVATION; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DEHYDRATION; OBSERVATIONAL METHOD; SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE; STRATOSPHERE; TREND ANALYSIS; TROPOPAUSE; WATER VAPOR;

PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (WEST);

EID: 84874618829     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-6475-2012     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Alcala, C. M. and Dessler, A. E.: Observations of deep convection in the tropics using the TRMM precipitation radar, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4792, doi:10.1029/2002JD002457, 2002. (Pubitemid 44793950)
2. Bosilovich, M. G., Chen, J., Robertson, F. R., and Adler, R. F.: Evaluation of global precipitation in reanalyses, J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 2279-2299, doi:10.1175/2008JAMC1921.1, 2008.
3. Chiou, E. W., McCormick, M. P., McMaster, L. R., Chu, W. P., Larsen, J. C., Rind, D., and Oltmans, S.: Intercomparison Of Stratospheric Water Vapor Observed By Satellite Experiments: Stratospheric Aerosol And Gas Experiment II Versus Limb Infrared Monitor Of The Stratosphere And Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 4875-4887, 1993. (Pubitemid 23381779)
4. Corti, T., Luo, B. P., deReus, M., Brunner, D., Cairo, F., Mahoney, M. J., Matucci, G., Matthey, R., Mitev, V., dos Santos, F. H., Schiller, C., Shur, G., Sitnikov, N. M., Spelten, N., Vossing, H. J., Borrmann, S., and Peter, T.: Unprecedented evidence for overshooting convection hydrating the tropical stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L10810, doi:10.1029/2008GL033641, 2008.
5. Danielsen, E. F.: Trajectories - isobaric, isentropic and actual, J. Meteorol., 18, 479-486, 1961.
6. Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., et al.: The ERAInterim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137, 553-597, doi:10.1002/qj.828, 2011.
7. 2O and HDO in the tropical tropopause layer, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D18309, doi:10.1029/2007JD008609, 2007. (Pubitemid 350142596)
8. Evans S., Toumi, R., Harries, J., Chipperfield, M., and Russell, J.: Trends in stratospheric humidity and the sensitivity of ozone to these trends, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 8715-8725, 1998. (Pubitemid 28424180)
9. Forster, P. M. D. and Shine, K. P.: Stratospheric water vapour changes as a possible contributor to observed stratospheric cooling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3309-3312, 1999. (Pubitemid 30081354)
10. Fueglistaler, S., Bonazzola, M., Haynes, P. H., and Peter, T.: Stratospheric water vapor predicted from the Lagrangian temperature history of air entering the stratosphere in the tropics, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D08107, doi:10.1029/2004JD005516, 2005. (Pubitemid 40899638)
11. Fueglistaler, S., Dessler, A. E., Dunkerton, T. J., Folkins, I., Fu, Q., and Mote, P. W.: The tropical tropopause layer, Rev. Geophys., 47, doi:10.1029/2008RG000267, 2009.
12. Hurst, D. F., Oltmans, S. J., Vomel, H., Rosenlof, K. H., Davis, S. M., Ray, E. A., Hall, E. G., and Jordan, A.: Stratospheric water vapor trends over Boulder, Colorado: Analysis of the 30 year Boulder record, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D02306, doi:10.1029/2010JD015065, 2011.
13. Jensen, E. J. and Pfister, L.: Transport and freeze-drying in the tropical tropopause layer, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D02207, doi:10.1029/ 2003JD004022, 2004
14. Jensen, E. J., Smith, J. B., Pfister, L., Pittman, J. V., Weinstock, E. M., Sayres, D. S., Herman, R. L., Troy, R. F., Rosenlof, K., Thompson, T. L., Fridlind, A. M., Hudson, P. K., Cziczo, D. J., Heymsfield, A. J., Schmitt, C., and Wilson, J. C.: Ice supersaturations exceeding 100 % at the cold tropical tropopause: implications for cirrus formation and dehydration, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 851-862, doi:10.5194/acp-5-851-2005, 2005. (Pubitemid 40479144)
15. Johnson, D. G., Jucks, K. W., Traub, W. A., and Chance, K. V.: Isotopic composition of stratospheric water vapor: Implications for transport, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 12219-12226, 2001.
16. Liu, Y. S., Fueglistaler, S., and Haynes, P.: Advection-condensation paradigm for stratospheric water vapor, J. Geophysical Res., 115, D24307, doi:10.1029/2010JD014352, 2010.
17. Kramer, M., Schiller, C., Afchine, A., Bauer, R., Gensch, I., Mangold, A., Schlicht, S., Spelten, N., Sitnikov, N., Borrmann, S., de Reus, M., and Spichtinger, P., Ice supersaturations and cirrus cloud crystal numbers, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 3505-3522, doi:10.5194/acp-9-3505-2009 2009.
18. Mote, P. W., Rosenlof, K. H., McIntyre, M. E., Carr, E. S., Gille, J. C., Holton, J. R., Kinnersley, J. S., Pumphrey, H. C., Russell III, J. M., and Waters, J. W.: An atmospheric tape recorder: The imprint of tropical tropopause temperatures on stratospheric water vapor, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3989-4006, 1996.
19. Murphy, D. M. and Koop, T.: Review of the vapour pressures of ice and supercooled water for atmospheric applications, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 1539-1565, 2005. (Pubitemid 41568792)
20. Ploeger, F., Konopka, P., Gunther, G., J.-U. Grooß, and Muller, R.: Impact of the vertical velocity scheme on modeling transport across the tropical tropopause layer, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D03301, doi:10.1029/ 2009JD012023, 2010.
21. Ploeger, F., Fueglistaler, S., Grooß, J.-U., Gunther, G, Konopka, P., Liu, Y. S., Muller, R., Ravegnani, F., Schiller, C., Ulanovski, A., and Riese, M.: Insight from ozone and water vapour on transport in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 407-419, doi:10.5194/acp-11-407- 2011, 2011.
22. Ploeger, F., Konopka, P., Müller, R., Fueglistaler, S., Schmidt, T., Manners, J. C., Grooß, J.-U., Günther, G., Forster, P. M., and Riese, M.: Horizontal transport affecting trace gas seasonality in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL), J. Geophys. Res., 117, D09303, doi:10.1029/2011JD017267, 2012.
23. Plumb, R. A.: Stratospheric Transport, J. Meteor. Soc. Jpn., 80, 793-809, 2002. (Pubitemid 36196002)
24. Plumb, R. A. and Bell, R. C.: A model of the quasi-biennial oscillation on an equatorial beta-plane, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 108, 335-352, 1982.
25. Prather, M. J., Zhu, Z., Strahan, S. E., Steenrod, S. D., and Rodriguez, J. M.: Quantifying errors in trace species transport modeling, PNAS, 105, 19617-19621, 2008.
26. Randel, W. J., Wu, F., Oltmans, S. J., Rosenlof, K., and Nedoluha, G. E.: Interannual Changes of Stratospheric Water Vapor and Correlations with Tropical Tropopause Temperatures, J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2133-2148, 2004. (Pubitemid 39320297)
27. Read, W. G., Lambert, A., Bacmeister, J., et al.: Aura Microwave Limb Sounder upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric H2O and relative humidity with respect to ice validation, J. Geophys. Res. 112, D24S35, doi:10.1029/2007JD008752, 2007.
28. Rienecker, M., Suarez, M. J., Gelaro, R., et al.: MERRA: NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, J. Climate, 24, 3624-3648, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1, 2011.
29. Rosenlof, K. H. and Reid, G. C.: Trends in the temperature and water vapor content of the tropical lower stratosphere: Sea surface connection, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D06107, doi:10.1029/2007JD009109, 2008.
30. Saha, S. et al.: The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, B. Am. Meteor. Soc., 91, 1015-1057, 2010.
31. Schiller, C., Grooß, J.-U., Konopka, P., Plöger, F., Silva dos Santos, F. H., and Spelten, N.: Hydration and dehydration at the tropical tropopause, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9647-9660, doi:10.5194/acp-9-9647-2009, 2009.
32. Schoeberl, M., Douglass, A., Zhu, Z., and Pawson, S.: A comparison of the lower stratospheric age spectra derived from a general circulation model and two data assimilation systems, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4113, doi:10.1029/ 2002JD002652, 2003.
33. Schoeberl, M. R., Douglass, A. R., Stolarski, R. S., Pawson, S., Strahan, S. E., and Read, W.: Comparison of lower stratospheric tropical mean vertical velocities, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D24109, doi:10.1029/2008JD010221, 2008.
34. Schoeberl, M. R. and Dessler, A. E.: Dehydration of the stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 8433-8446, doi:10.5194/acp-11-8433-2011, 2011.
35. Solomon, S., Rosenlof, K. H., Portmann, R. W., Daniel, J. S., Davis, S. M., Sanford, T. J., and Plattner, G.-K.: Contributions of stratospheric water vapor to decadal changes in the rate of global warming, Science, 327, 1219-1223, doi:10.1126/science.1182488, 2010.
36. Stolarski, R. S., Douglass, A. R., Steenrod, S., and Pawson, S.: Trends in stratospheric ozone: Lessons learned from a 3D chemical transport model, J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1028-1041, 2006.
37. Tzella, A. and Legras, B.: A Lagrangian view of convective sources for transport of air across the Tropical Tropopause Layer: distribution, times and the radiative influence of clouds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 12517-12534, doi:10.5194/acp-11-12517-2011, 2011.
38. 2O increase on polar ozone loss, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D05301, doi:10.1029/2010JD014234, 2011.
39. Wohltmann, I. and Rex, M.: Improvement of vertical and residual velocities in pressure or hybrid sigma-pressure coordinates in analysis data in the stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 265-272, doi:10.5194/acp-8-265-2008, 2008.
40. Wright, J. S., Fu, R., Fueglistaler, S., Liu, Y. S., and Zhang, Y.: The influence of summertime convection over Southeast Asia on water vapor in the tropical stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D12302, doi:10.1029/2010JD015416, 2011.
41. Zipser, E. J., Cecil, D. J., Liu, C., Nesbitt, S. W., and Yorty, D. P.: Where are the most intense thunderstorms on Earth?, B. Am. Meteor. Soc., 87, 1057-1071, 2006. (Pubitemid 44336120)