Opportunities and challenges for mainstreaming ecosystem-based adaptation in local government: evidence from the Western Cape, South Africa

Environment, Development and Sustainability

Volumn 17, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 1121-1140

  Pasquini, Lorena ^a   Cowling, Richard M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b NELSON MANDELA METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Ecosystem based adaptation; Local government; Mainstreaming; Municipalities; South Africa

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CLIMATE CHANGE; ECOSYSTEM APPROACH; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS; LEARNING; LOCAL PARTICIPATION; LONG-TERM CHANGE; NETWORKING; SUSTAINABILITY; VULNERABILITY;

SOUTH AFRICA; WESTERN CAPE;

EID: 84941934542     PISSN: 1387585X     EISSN: 15732975     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10668-014-9594-x     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. ADPC (Asian Disaster Preparedness Center). (2013). Integrating disaster risk management into climate change adaptation. Disaster risk management practitioner’s handbook series. Bangkok: Asian Disaster Preparedness Center. http://www.adpc.net/2012/download/DRM-Handbook/ADPC%20DRM%20Practitioners%20Handbook%20-%20Climate%20Change%20Adaptation.pdf. Accessed July 21, 2014.
2. Ananda, J., & Proctor, W. (2013). Collaborative approaches to water management and planning: An institutional perspective. Ecological Economics,86, 97–106.
3. Baker, I., Peterson, A., Brown, G., & McAlpinea, C. (2012). Local government response to the impacts of climate change: An evaluation of local climate adaptation plans. Landscape and Urban Planning,107(2), 127–136.
4. Bass, S., Banda, J. L. L, Chiota, S., Kalowekamo, S., Kalua, T., Kambane-Kalima, D., et al. (2011). Mainstreaming the environment in Malawi’s development: Experience and next steps. Environmental governance series no. 4. London: International Institute for Environment and Development. http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/11072IIED.pdf. Accessed January 15, 2013.
5. Bierbaum, R., Smith, J. B., Lee, A., Blair, M., Carter, L., Stuart Chapin, F., I. I. I., et al. (2013). A comprehensive review of climate adaptation in the United States: More than before, but less than needed. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,18(3), 361–406.
6. Burch, S. (2010). In pursuit of resilient, low carbon communities: An examination of barriers to action in three Canadian cities. Energy Policy,38(12), 7575–7585.
7. Burch, S., Berry, P., & Sanders, M. (2014). Embedding climate change adaptation in biodiversity conservation: A case study of England. Environmental Science & Policy,37, 79–90.
8. Cadman, M., Petersen, C., Driver, A., Sekhran, N., Maze, K., & Munzhedzi, S. (2010). Biodiversity for development: South Africa’s landscape approach to conserving biodiversity and promoting ecosystem resilience. Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute.
9. Carmin, J., Anguelovski, I., & Roberts, D. (2012). Urban climate adaptation in the Global South: Planning in an emerging policy domain. Journal of Planning Education and Research,32(1), 18–32.
10. City of Cape Town. (2013). Integrated development plan 2012–2017: 2013/2014 review. Cape Town, South Africa: City of Cape Town. http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/IDP/Documents/CCT_IDP_prf82013.pdf. Accessed January 21, 2014.
11. CoGTA (Department for Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs). (2009). State of local government in South Africa: Overview report. Pretoria, South Africa: Department for Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs. http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=110100. Accessed January 15, 2014.
12. Cohen, D. J., & Crabtree, B. F. (2008). Evaluative criteria for qualitative research in health care: Controversies and recommendations. Annals of Family Medicine,6(4), 331–339.
13. Colenbrander, D., Price, P., Oelofse, G., & Tsotsobe, S. (2013). A coastal adaptation strategy for the City of Cape Town: An ecosystem-based management approach towards risk reduction. In G. F. Renaud, K. Sudermeier-Rieux, & M. Estrella (Eds.), The role of ecosystems towards disaster risk reduction (pp. 164–190). New York: United Nations University Press.
14. Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into Practice,39(3), 124–130.
15. Crona, B. I., & Parker, J. N. (2012). Learning in support of governance: theories, methods, and a framework to assess how bridging organizations contribute to adaptive resource governance. Ecology and Society, 17(1), 32. doi:10.5751/ES-04534-170132
16. Cutcliffe, J. R., & McKenna, H. P. (1999). Establishing the credibility of qualitative research findings: The plot thickens. Journal of Advanced Nursing,30(2), 374–380.
17. Dalal-Clayton, B., & Bass, S. (2009). The challenges of environmental mainstreaming: Experience of integrating environment into development institutions and decisions. Environmental governance no. 3. London: International Institute for Environment and Development.
18. Danielsen, F., Sørensen, M. K., Olwig, M. F., Selvam, V., Parish, F., Burgess, N. D., et al. (2005). The Asian Tsunami: A protective role for coastal vegetation. Science,310(5748), 643.
19. de Wit, M., van Zyl, H., Crookes, D., Blignaut, J., Jayiya, T., Goiset, V., et al. (2012). Including the economic value of well-functioning urban ecosystems in financial decisions: Evidence from a process in Cape Town. Ecosystem Services,2, 38–44.
20. DEA (Department of Environmental Affairs). (2013). Long term adaptation scenarios (LTAS) flagship research programme for South Africa: Climate trends and scenarios for South Africa. Pretoria: Department of Environmental Affairs.
21. Drapeau, M. (2002). Subjectivity in research: Why not? But… The Qualitative Report, 7(3). http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR7-3/drapeau.html. Accessed July 05, 2014.
22. Dwyer, C., & Limb, M. (Eds.) (2001). Introduction: Doing qualitative research in geography. In Qualitative methodologies for geographers (pp. 1–20). London: Arnold.
23. Egoh, B. N., O’Farrell, P. J., Charef, A., Gurney, L. J., Koellner, T., Abi, H. N., et al. (2013). An African account of ecosystem service provision: Use, threats and policy options for sustainable livelihoods. Ecosystem Services,2, 71–81.
24. Fisher, B., Turner, R. K., & Morling, P. (2009). Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision making. Ecological Economics,68(3), 643–653.
25. Fossey, E., Harvey, C., McDermott, F., & Davidson, L. (2002). Understanding and evaluating qualitative research. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,36(6), 717–732.
26. Galman, S. C. (2007). Shane, the lone ethnographer: A beginners guide to ethnography. Walnut Creek, CA: Alta Mira Press.
27. Garrison, D. R., Cleveland-Innes, M., Koole, M., & Kappelman, J. (2006). Revisiting methodological issues in transcript analysis: Negotiated coding and reliability. Internet & Higher Education,9(1), 1–8.
28. Gorden, R. (1992). Basic interviewing skills. Itasca, IL: F. E. Peacock.
29. Hessequa. (2013). Hessequa integrated development plan: First review 2013–2017. Hessequa municipality, Riversdale, South Africa. http://www.hessequa.gov.za/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=92&Itemid=141. Accessed January 21, 2014.
30. Holloway, A., Fortune, G., & Chasi, V. (2010). Risk and development annual review for the Western Cape. PeriPeri Publications, Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods Programme, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
31. Huq, S., Kovats, S., Reid, H., & Satterthwaite, D. (2007). Editorial: Reducing risks to cities from disasters and climate change. Environment and Urbanization,19(1), 3–15.
32. IPCC. (2007). Climate change 2007: Synthesis report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. R. K. Pachauri, & A. Reisinger (Eds.). Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC.
33. IPCC. (2012). Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation. A special report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. C. B. Field, V. Barros, T. F. Stocker, D. Qin, D. J. Dokken, K. I. Ebi, et al. (Eds.). Cambridge, UK and New York, USA: Cambridge University Press.
34. IRIN (Integrated Regional Information Networks). (2011). Floods highlight lack of disaster preparedness. Report. http://www.irinnews.org/report/91754/floods-highlight-lack-of-disaster-preparedness. Accessed July 25, 2014.
35. Kithiia, J., & Lyth, A. (2011). Urban wildscapes and green spaces in Mombasa and their potential contribution to climate change adaptation and mitigation. Environment and Urbanization,23(1), 251–265.
36. Layzer, J. A. (2008). Natural experiments. Ecosystem-based management and the environment. Cambridge: MIT Press.
37. Malterud, K. (2001). Qualitative research: Standards, challenges, and guidelines. Lancet,358(9280), 483–488.
38. Measham, T. G., Preston, B. L., Smith, T. F., Brooke, C., Gorddard, R., Withycombe, G., et al. (2011). Adapting to climate change through local municipal planning: Barriers and challenges. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,16(8), 889–909.
39. Midgley, G. F., Chapman, R. A., Mukheibir, P., Tadross, M., Hewitson, B., Wand, S., et al. (2007). Impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in key South African sectors: An input into the long term mitigation scenarios process. LTMS Input Report 5. Cape Town, South Africa: Energy Research Centre.
40. Montero, S. G., Castellón, E. S., Rivera, L. M. M., Ruvalcaba, S. G., & Llamas, J. J. (2006). Collaborative governance for sustainable water resources management: The experience of the Inter-municipal Initiative for the Integrated Management of the Ayuquila River Basin, Mexico. Environment and Urbanization,18(2), 297–313.
41. Mori, S., Spies, T. A., Sudmeier-Rieux, K., & Andrade, A. (2013). Reframing ecosystem management in the era of climate change: Issues and knowledge from forests. Biological Conservation,165, 115–127.
42. Mukheibir, P., & Ziervogel, G. (2007). Developing a Municipal Adaptation Plan (MAP) for climate change: The city of Cape Town. Environment and Urbanization,19(1), 143–158.
43. Munang, R., Thiaw, I., Alverson, K., Liu, J., & Han, Z. (2013a). The role of ecosystem services in climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,5(1), 47–52.
44. Munang, R., Thiaw, I., Alverson, K., Mumba, M., Liu, J., & Rivington, M. (2013b). Climate change and ecosystem-based adaptation: A new pragmatic approach to buffering climate change impacts. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,5(1), 67–71.
45. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A. C., Mittermeier, G., da Fonseca, G. A. B., & Kent, J. (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature,403(6772), 853–858.
46. Naumann, S., Davis, M., Munang, R., Andrews, J., Thiaw, I., Alverson, K., et al. (2013). The social dimension of ecosystem-based adaptation. UNEP policy series: Ecosystem management, 12. http://www.cep.unep.org/community-benefits-of-ecosystem-adaptation. Accessed January 21, 2014.
47. O’Brien, G., O’Keefe, P., Rose, J., & Wisner, B. (2006). Climate change and disaster management. Disasters,30(1), 64–80.
48. Otto-Zimmermann, K. (2011). Building the global adaptation community. In K. Otto-Zimmermann & M. Zimmermann (Eds.), Resilient cities, local sustainability (pp. 3–9). Dordrecht: Springer.
49. Pasquini, L., Cowling, R. M., & Ziervogel, G. (2013). Facing the heat: Barriers to mainstreaming climate change adaptation in local government in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Habitat International,40, 225–232.
50. Piwowarczyk, J., Kronenberg, J., & Dereniowska, M. A. (2013). Marine ecosystem services in urban areas: Do the strategic documents of Polish coastal municipalities reflect their importance? Landscape and Urban Planning,109(1), 85–93.
51. Pramova, E., Locatelli, B., Djoudi, H., & Olufunso, A. S. (2012). Forests and trees for social adaptation to climate variability and change. WIREs Climate Change,3(6), 581–596.
52. Roberts, D., Boon, R., Diederichs, N., Douwes, E., Govender, N., Mcinnes, A., et al. (2012). Exploring ecosystem-based adaptation in Durban, South Africa: “learning-by-doing” at the local government coal face. Environment and Urbanization,24(1), 167–195.
53. Robledo, C., Clot, N., Hammill, A., & Riché, B. (2012). The role of forest ecosystems in community-based coping strategies to climate hazards: Three examples from rural areas in Africa. Forest Policy and Economics,24, 20–208.
54. Romero-Lankao, P., & Dodman, D. (2011). Cities in transition: Transforming urban centers from hotbeds of GHG emissions and vulnerability to seedbeds of sustainability and resilience. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,3(3), 113–120.
55. Roy, M. (2009). Planning for sustainable urbanisation in fast growing cities: Mitigation and adaptation issues addressed in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Habitat International,33(3), 276–286.
56. Ruckelshaus, M., Doney, S. C., Galindo, H. M., Barry, J. P., Chan, F., Duffy, J. E., et al. (2013). Securing ocean benefits for society in the face of climate change. Marine Policy,40, 154–159.
57. Saldaña, J. (2013). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Los Angeles: SAGE.
58. SPC Secretariat of the Pacific Community, & GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit). (2010). Mainstreaming processes for climate change adaptation: Collection of best practices. Suva: Secretariat of the Pacific Community.
59. Tempelhoff, J., van Niekerk, D., van Eeden, E., Gouws, I., Botha, K., & Wurige, R. (2009). The December 2004–January 2005 floods in the Garden Route region of the Southern Cape, South Africa. JÀMBÁ: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 2(1), 93–112.
60. Turpie, J. K., Marais, C., & Blignaut, J. N. (2008). The working for water programme: Evolution of a payments for ecosystem services mechanism that addresses both poverty and ecosystem service delivery in South Africa. Ecological Economics,65(4), 788–798.
61. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). (2009). Ecosystem management programme: A new approach to sustainability. Nairobi, Kenya: Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, United Nations Environment Programme.
62. UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). (2014). Database on ecosystem-based approaches to adaptation. http://unfccc.int/adaptation/nairobi_work_programme/knowledge_resources_and_publications/items/6227.php. Accessed January 09, 2014.
63. USAID. (2009). Adapting to coastal climate change: A guidebook for development planners. Washington, DC: United States Agency for International Development.
64. van Niekerk, D., & Visser, R. (2010). Experience on decentralised mechanism and funding for disaster risk reduction in South Africa. Paper presented to the second ministerial conference on disaster risk reduction in Africa, Nairobi, May 14–16. http://acds.co.za/uploads/Conf_Papers/DRR_local_gov_Dewald_van_Niekerk.pdf. Accessed July 25, 2014.
65. Vignola, R., Locatelli, B., Martinez, C., & Imbach, P. (2009). Ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change: What role for policy-makers, society and scientists? Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,14(8), 691–696.
66. Vignola, R., McDaniels, T. L., & Scholz, R. W. (2013). Governance structures for ecosystem-based adaptation: Using policy-network analysis to identify key organizations for bridging information across scales and policy areas. Environmental Science & Policy,31, 71–84.
67. Wertz-Kanounnikoff, S., Locatelli, B., Wunder, S., & Brockhaus, M. (2011). Ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change: What scope for payments for environmental services? Climate and Development,3(2), 143–158.
68. Wilhelm-Rechmann, A., & Cowling, R. M. (2008). Social marketing as a tool for implementation in complex social-ecological systems. In M. Burns & A. Weaver (Eds.), Exploring sustainability science: A Southern African perspective (pp. 179–204). Stellenbosch: African Sun Media.
69. Ziervogel, G., & Parnell, S. (2012). South African coastal cities: Governance responses to climate change adaptation. In A. Cartwright, S. Parnell, G. Oelofse, & S. Ward (Eds.), Climate change at the city scale (pp. 223–243). Abingdon: Routledge.
70. Ziervogel, G., Shale, M., & Du, M. (2010). Climate change adaptation in a developing country context: The case of urban water supply in Cape Town. Climate and Development,2(2), 94–110.