Securing ocean benefits for society in the face of climate change

Marine Policy

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 154-159

  Ruckelshaus, M ^a,p   Doney, S C ^b   Galindo, H M ^c   Barry, J P ^d   Chan, F ^e   Duffy, J E ^f   English, C A ^g   Gaines, S D ^h   Grebmeier, J M ⁱ   Hollowed, A B ^j   Knowlton, N ^k   Polovina, J ^l   Rabalais, N N ^m   Sydeman, W J ⁿ   Talley, L D ^o  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^d MONTEREY BAY AQUARIUM RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f VIRGINIA INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE   (United States)

^g COMPASS ^*  (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE   (United States)

^j ALASKA FISHERIES SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

^k DEPARTMENT OF PALEOBIOLOGY   (United States)

^l PACIFIC ISLANDS FISHERIES SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

^m LOUISIANA UNIVERSITIES MARINE CONSORTIUM   (United States)

ⁿ FARALLON INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH   (United States)

^o UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^p not available   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Climate adaptation; Coastal hazards; Ecosystem services; Fisheries; Tourism; Trade offs

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; CLIMATE CHANGE; COASTAL EROSION; ECOSYSTEM SERVICE; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; SEA LEVEL CHANGE; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; TOURISM DEVELOPMENT; TRADE-OFF;

EID: 84873949874     PISSN: 0308597X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.01.009     Document Type: Article

References (139)

1. Brander L, Vanbeukering P, Cesar H. The recreational value of coral reefs: a meta-analysis. Ecol. Econ 2007, 63:209-218.
2. Howes NC, FitzGerald DM, Hughes ZJ, Georgiou IY, Kulp M a, Miner MD, et al. Hurricane-induced failure of low salinity wetlands. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2010, 107:14014-14019.
3. Perry RI. Potential impacts of climate change on marine wild capture fisheries: an update. J Agric Sci 2010, 149:63-75.
4. Barange M, Allen I, Allison E, Badjeck M-C, Blanchard J, Drakeford B, et al. Predicting the impacts and socio-economic consequences of climate change on global marine ecosystems and fisheries: the QUEST_Fish framework. World fisheries: a social-ecological analysis 2011, 440pp. Wiley-Blackwell, New Jersey. R. Ommer, I. Perry, K.L. Cochrane, P. Cury (Eds.).
5. Peterson CH, Lubchenco J. Marine ecosystem services. Nature's services: societal dependence on natural ecosystems 1997, 392. Island Press, Washington, DC. G. Daily (Ed.).
6. UNEP Marine and coastal ecosystems and human well-being. Russell: J Bertrand Russell Arch 2006, 64.
7. Sumaila UR, Cheung WWL, Lam VWY, Pauly D, Herrick S. Climate change impacts on the biophysics and economics of world fisheries. Nat Clim Change 2011, 1-8.
8. Guerry A, Plummer M, Ruckelshaus M, Holland DS. Modeling marine ecosystem services. Encyclopedia of biodiversity 2012, Elsevier; Academic Press, Amsterdam. S. Levin (Ed.).
9. Doney SC, Ruckelshaus M, Duffy JE, Barry JP, Chan F, English CA, et al. Climate change impacts on marine ecosystems. Annu Rev Mar Sci 2012, 4:11-37.
10. Griffis R, Howard J. Oceans and marine resources in a changing climate: technical input to the 2013. Nat Climate Assess 2012.
11. National Research Council Climate stabilization targets: emissions, concentrations and impacts over decades to Millennia 2011, National Academies Press, Washington DC, 298.
12. Gregg R, Hansen LJ, Feifel K, Hitt J, Kershner J, Score A., et al. The state of marine and coastal adaptation in North America: a synthesis of emerging ideas 2011, EcoAdapt, Bainbridge WA, 145p. available at:.
13. Kelly RP, Foley MM, Fisher WS, Feely RA, Halpern BS, Waldbusser GG, et al. Mitigating local causes of ocean acidification with existing laws. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2011, 332:1036-1037.
14. National Ocean Council. Draft National Ocean Policy Implementation Plan. 2012; 115. Available at:. http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/oceans/implementationplan.
15. United Nations University, The Nature Conservancy. World risk report 2012. 2012; 70. Available at: 〈www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/.../world-risk-report-2012-pdf〉.
16. FAO. The state of the world fisheries and aquaculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; 2010; 197.
17. Smith MD, Roheim CA, Crowder LB, Halpern BS, Turnipseed M, Anderson JL, et al. Sustainability and global seafood. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2010, 327:784-786.
18. DaSilva S, Soto D. Climate change and aquaculture: potential impacts, adaptation, and mitigation. Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture: overview of current scientific knowledge. FAO fisher 2009, 151-212. FAO, Rome. K. Cochrane, C.D. Young, D. Soto, T. Bahri (Eds.).
19. Allison EH, Perry AL, Badjeck M-C, Adger WN, Brown K, Conway D, et al. Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries. Fish Fish 2009, 10:173-196.
20. Allison E.H. Aquaculture, fisheries, poverty and food security. Security 2011, 61.
21. Cooley SR, Lucey N, Kite-Powell H, Doney SC. Nutrition and income from molluscs today imply vulnerability to ocean acidification tomorrow. Fish Fish 2012, 13:182-215.
22. Delgado CL, Wada N, Rosegrant MW, Meijer S, Ahmed M. Fish to 2020: supply and demand in changing global markets. Food Policy 2003, 232.
23. Kim S. Fisheries development in northeastern Asia in conjunction with changes in climate and social systems. Mar Policy 2010, 34:803-809.
24. Brander K. Reconciling biodiversity conservation and marine capture fisheries production. Curr Opin Environ Sustainability 2010, 2:416-421.
25. Ainsworth CH, Samhouri JF, Busch DS, Cheung WWL, Dunne J, Okey TA. Potential impacts of climate change on Northeast Pacific marine foodwebs and fisheries. ICES J Mar Sci 2011, 68:1217-1229.
26. Cheung WWL, Lam VWY, Sarmiento JL, Kearney K, Watson R, Zeller D, et al. Large-scale redistribution of maximum fisheries catch potential in the global ocean under climate change. Global Change Biol 2010, 16:24-35.
27. Hamilton LC, Butler MJ. Outport adaptations: social indicators through Newfoundland's cod crisis. Hum Ecol Rev 2001, 8:1-11.
28. IPCC Working Group I. Climate Change The scientific basis 2001, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007.
29. Coulthard S. Adaptation and conflict within fisheries: insights for living with climate change. Adapting to climate change: thresholds, values and governance 2009, 255-268. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. W. Adger, I. Lorenzoni, K. O'Brien (Eds.).
30. Perry RI, Ommer RE, Barange M, Werner F. The challenge of adapting marine social-ecological systems to the additional stress of climate change. Curr Opin Environ Sustainability 2010, 2:356-363.
31. McCay BJ, Weisman W, Creed CF. Coping with environmental change: systemic responses and the roles of property and community in three fisheries. World fisheries: a social-ecological analysis 2011, 440. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, England. R. Ommer, I. Perry, K. Cochrane, P. Cury (Eds.).
32. Fulton E. Interesting times: winners, losers, and system shifts under climate change around Australia. ICES J Mar Sci 2011, 68:1329-1342.
33. Fernando H, McCulley J, Mendis S, Perera K. Coral poaching worsens tsunami destruction in Sri Lanka. EOS Trans Am Geophys Union 2005, 86:301-304.
34. Kar R, Kar RK. Mangroves can check the wrath of tsunami. Curr sci 2005, 88:675.
35. Sheppard C, Dixon D, Gourlay M, Sheppard A, Payet R. Coral mortality increases wave energy reaching shores protected by reef flats: examples from the Seychelles. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci 2005, 64:223-234.
36. Chatenoux B, Peduzzi P. Impacts from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami: analysing the potential protecting role of environmental features. nat Hazard 2007, 40:289-304.
37. Chen S-N, Sanford LP, Koch EW, Shi F, North EW. A nearshore model to investigate the effects of seagrass bed geometry on wave attenuation and suspended sediment transport. Estuaries Coasts 2007, 30:296-310.
38. Danielsen F, Sørensen MK, Olwig MF, Selvam V, Parish F, Burgess ND, et al. The Asian tsunami: a protective role for coastal vegetation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2005, 310:643.
39. Das S, Vincent JR. Mangroves protected villages and reduced death toll during Indian super cyclone. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2009, 106:7357-7360.
40. Alongi D. Mangrove forests: resilience, protection from tsunamis, and responses to global climate change. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci 2008, 76:1-13.
41. Cochard R, Ranamukhaarachchi SL, Shivakoti GP, Shipin OV, Edwards PJ, Seeland KT. The 2004 tsunami in Aceh and Southern Thailand: a review on coastal ecosystems, wave hazards and vulnerability. Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst 2008, 10:3-40.
42. Koch EW, Barbier EB, Silliman BR, Reed DJ, Perillo GM, Hacker SD, et al. Non-linearity in ecosystem services: temporal and spatial variability in coastal protection. Front Ecol Environ 2009, 7:29-37.
43. Gedan KB, Kirwan ML, Wolanski E, Barbier EB, Silliman BR. The present and future role of coastal wetland vegetation in protecting shorelines: answering recent challenges to the paradigm. Clim Change 2011, 106:7-29.
44. IFRC. Mangrove planting saves lives and money in Vietnam World disasters report focus on reduing risk 2002, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), Geneva, Switzerland.
45. Badola R, Hussain SA. Valuing ecosystem functions: an empirical study on the storm protection function of Bhitarkanika mangrove ecosystem, India. Environ Conserv 2005, 32:85-92.
46. Froede CR. Constructed sand dunes on the developed barrier-spit portion of Dauphin Island, Alabama (U.S.A). J Coastal Res 2010, 26:699-703.
47. Irish JL, Frey AE, Rosati JD, Olivera F, Dunkin LM, Kaihatu JM, et al. Potential implications of global warming and barrier island degradation on future hurricane inundation, property damages, and population impacted. Ocean Coast Manage 2010, 53:645-657.
48. Barbier EB, Hacker SD, Kennedy C, Koch EW, Stier AC, Silliman BR. The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services. Ecol Monogr 2011, 81:169-193.
49. Shepard CC, Agostini VN, Gilmer B, Allen T, Stone J, Brooks W, et al. Assessing future risk: quantifying the effects of sea level rise on storm surge risk for the southern shores of Long Island, New York. Nat Hazard 2011, 727-745.
50. Costanza R, Pérez-Maqueo O, Martinez ML, Sutton P, Anderson SJ, Mulder K. The value of coastal wetlands for hurricane protection. Ambio 2008, 37:241-248.
51. Gilman EL, Ellison J, Duke NC, Field C. Threats to mangroves from climate change and adaptation options: A review. Aquat Bot 2008, 89:237-250.
52. Wild C, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Naumann MS, Colombo-Pallotta MF, Ateweberhan M, Fitt WK, et al. Climate change impedes scleractinian corals as primary reef ecosystem engineers. Mar Freshwater Res 2011, 62:205-215.
53. Peterson M, Lowe M. Implications of cumulative impacts to estuarine and marine habitat quality for fish and invertebrate resources. Rev Fish Sci 2009, 17:505-523.
54. Tapsuwan S, Asafu-Adjaye J. Estimating the economic benefit of SCUBA diving in the Similan Islands, Thailand. Coast Manage 2008, 36:431-442.
55. Rees SE, Rodwell LD, Attrill MJ, Austen MC, Mangi SC. The value of marine biodiversity to the leisure and recreation industry and its application to marine spatial planning. Mar Policy 2010, 34:868-875.
56. Landry CE, Keeler AG, Kriesel W. An economic evaluation of beach erosion management alternatives. Mar Res Econ 2003, 18:105-127.
57. Huang J-C, Poor PJ, Zhao MQ. Economic valuation of beach erosion control. Mar Res Econ 2007, 22:221-238.
58. Stanton EA, Ackerman F. Florida and climate change: the costs of inaction 2007, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 91.
59. Houston J. The economic value of beaches: a 2008 update. Shore Beach 2008, 76:22-26.
60. Bin O, Dumas C, Poulter B, Whitehead J. Measuring the impacts of climate change on North Carolina coastal resources 2007, 91. National Commission on Energy Policy, Washington, DC.
61. Sussman FG, Cropper ML, Galbraith H, Godschalk D, Loomis J, Luber G, et al. Effects of global change on human welfare. Analyses of the effects of global change on human health and welfare and human systems. synthesis 2008, 111-168. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., Gamble (Ed.), J. K. Ebi, F. Sussman, T. Wilbanks (Eds.).
62. Moreno A, Amelung B. Climate change and coastal & marine tourism: Rreview and analysis. J Coastal Res 2009, 1140-1144.
63. Kragt ME, Roebeling PC, Ruijs A. Effects of Great Barrier Reef degradation on recreational reef-trip demand: a contingent behaviour approach. Aust J Agric Res Econ 2009, 53:213-229.
64. Eakin CM, Morgan JA, Heron SF, Smith TB, Liu G, Alvarez-Filip L, et al. Caribbean corals in crisis: record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005. PloS One 2010, 5:e13969.
65. Marbà N, Duarte CM. Mediterranean warming triggers seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) shoot mortality. Global Change Biol 2010, 16:2366-2375.
66. Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby PJ, Hooten AJ, Steneck RS, Greenfield P, Gomez E, et al. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2007, 318:1737-1742.
67. The World Bank The economics of adaptation to climate change. World 2010, 79.
68. Poloczanska ES, Hobday A, Richardson A. Report card of marine climate change for Australia-detailed scientific assessment. 2009; 289. Available at:. http://www.oceanclimatechange.org.au/content/index.php/site/welcome/.
69. CEQ Progress Report of the Interagency Climate Change Adaptation Task Force: recommended Actions in Support of a National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2010, Office of the White House, Change Washington, DC, 72.
70. UNFCCC. Framework convention on climate change conference of the parties report of the conference of the parties on its sixteenth session, held in Cancun from 29 November to 10 December 2010. Human rights 2011; 31.
71. Leurig S. Climate risk disclosure by insurers: evaluating insurer responses to the NAIC climate disclosure survey. New York 2011, 54.
72. NRC Ecosystem concepts for sustainable bivalve mariculture 2010, National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 190.
73. Baron J, Joyce L, Kareiva P, Keller B, Palmer M, Peterson C, et al. Preliminary review of adaptation options for climate-sensitive ecosystems and resources. A report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research. 2008; 873.
74. Avery S, Magnan A, Garnaud B, Doney SC. Changing climate, changing ocean, changing planet. In: Jacquet, P, Tubiana, L, Pachauri, R, Assoc. Eds: J. Rochette, R. Jozan, and SS, editors. Oceans: The New Frontier. New Dehli: TERI Press; 2011. p. 225-237.
75. Steneck RS, Graham MH, Bourque BJ, Corbett D, Erlandson JM, Estes JA, et al. Kelp forest ecosystems: biodiversity, stability, resilience and future. Environ Conserv 2002, 29:436-459.
76. Adger W, Hughes T, Folke C, Carpenter S, Rockstrom J. Social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2005, 309:1036-1039.
77. Lotze HK, Lenihan HS, Bourque BJ, Bradbury RH, Cooke RG, Kay MC, et al. Depletion, degradation, and recovery potential of estuaries and coastal seas. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2006, 312:1806-1809.
78. Battin J, Wiley MW, Ruckelshaus MH, Palmer RN, Korb E, Bartz KK, et al. Projected impacts of climate change on salmon habitat restoration. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2007, 104:6720-6725.
79. Gaines SD, White C, Carr MH, Palumbi SR Designing marine reserve networks for both conservation and fisheries management. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2010, 107:18286-18293.
80. Orth RJ, Luckenbach ML, Marion SR, Moore KA, Wilcox DJ. Seagrass recovery in the Delmarva Coastal Bays, USA. Aquat Bot 2006, 84:26-36.
81. Schulte DM, Burke RP, Lipcius RN. Unprecedented restoration of a native oyster metapopulation. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2009, 325:1124-1128.
82. Piazza BP, Banks PD, Peyre MK., La The potential for created oyster shell reefs as a sustainable shoreline protection strategy in Louisiana. Restor Ecol 2005, 13:499-506.
83. Skoloff B. Oyster bed restoration among first since oil spill 2011, The Associated Press.
84. Feagin RA, Mukherjee N, Shanker K, Baird AH, Cinner J, Kerr AM, et al. Shelter from the storm? Use and misuse of coastal vegetation bioshields for managing natural disasters. Conserv Lett 2010, 3:1-11.
85. Farr M, Stoeckl N, Beg RA. The efficiency of the environmental management charge in the cairns management area of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Aust J Agric Res Econ 2011, 55:322-341.
86. Aburto-Oropeza O, Ezcurra E, Danemann G, Valdez V, Murray J, Sala E. Mangroves in the Gulf of California increase fishery yields. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2008, 105:10456-10459.
87. Guerry A, Ruckelshaus M, Arkema K, Bernhardt J, Guannel G, Kim C-K, et al. Modeling benefits from nature: using ecosystem services to inform coastal and marine spatial planning. Int J Biodivers Ecosyst Serv Model 2012, 8:107-121.
88. White C, Halpern BS, Kappel CV. Ecosystem service tradeoff analysis reveals the value of marine spatial planning for multiple ocean uses. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2012, 109(12):4696-4701.
89. Balmford A, Bruner A, Cooper P, Costanza, Farber S, Green RE, et al. Economic reasons for conserving wild nature. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2002, 297:950-953.
90. Walton MEM, Samonte-Tan GPB, Primavera JH, Edwards-Jones G, Vay L., Le Are mangroves worth replanting? The direct economic benefits of a community-based reforestation project. Environ Conserv 2006, 33:335.
91. Rönnbäck P, Crona B, Ingwall L. The return of ecosystem goods and services in replanted mangrove forests: perspectives from local communities in Kenya. Environ Conserv 2007, 34:313-324.
92. Defeo O, Mclachlan a, Schoeman D, Schlacher T, Dugan J, Jones a, et al. Threats to sandy beach ecosystems: a review. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci 2009, 81:1-12.
93. Peterson M, Lowe M. Implications of cumulative impacts to estuarine and marine habitat quality for fish and invertebrate resources. Rev Fish Sci 2009, 17.
94. Huxham M, Kumara MP, Jayatissa LP, Krauss KW, Kairo J, Langat J, et al. Intra- and inter-specific facilitation in mangroves may increase resilience to climate change threats. Philos Trans R Soc London, Ser B 2010, 365:2127-2135.
95. NAS America's climate choices 2010, National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 144 pp.
96. Sanò M, Jiménez JA, Medina R, Stanica A, Sanchez-Arcilla A, Trumbic I. The role of coastal setbacks in the context of coastal erosion and climate change. Ocean Coast Manage 2011, 54:943-950.
97. Jones HP, Schmitz OJ. Rapid recovery of damaged ecosystems. PloS One 2009, 4:e5653.
98. Diaz-Pulido G, McCook LJ, Dove S, Berkelmans R, Roff G, Kline DI, et al. Doom and boom on a resilient reef: climate change, algal overgrowth and coral recovery. PloS One 2009, 4:e5239.
99. Hughes TP, Graham NAJ, Jackson JBC, Mumby PJ, Steneck RS. Rising to the challenge of sustaining coral reef resilience. Trends Ecol Evol 2010, 25:633-642.
100. Mumby P, Iglesias-Prieto R, Hooten AJ, Sale P, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Edwards A, et al. Revisiting climate thresholds and ecosystem collapse. Front Ecol Environ 2011, 9:94-96.
101. Eide A. An integrated study of economic effects of and vulnerabilities to global warming on the Barents Sea cod fisheries. Clim Change 2008, 87:251-262.
102. Ianelli JN., Hollowed AB, Haynie AC, Mueter FJ, Bond NA Evaluating management strategies for eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in a changing environment. ICES J Mar Sci 2011, 68:1297-1304.
103. Link J, Nye J, Hare J. Guidelines for incorporating fish distribution shifts into a fisheries management context. Fish Fish 2011, 12:461-469.
104. Pinsky ML, Fogarty M. Lagged social-ecological responses to climate and range shifts in fisheries. Clim Change 2012.
105. Merino G, Barange M, Mullon C, Rodwell L. Impacts of global environmental change and aquaculture expansion on marine ecosystems. Global Environ Change 2010, 20:586-596.
106. Plaganyi EE, Weeks SJ, Skewes TD, Gibbs MT, Poloczanska ES, Norman-Lopez a, et al. Assessing the adequacy of current fisheries management under changing climate: a southern synopsis. ICES J Mar Sci 2011, 68:1305-1317.
107. Zhang C, Hollowed A, Lee J-B, Kim D-H. An IFRAME approach for assessing impacts of climate change on fisheries. ICES J Mar Sci 2011, 68:1318-1328.
108. McGilliard CR, Hilborn R, MacCall A, Punt AE, Field JC. Can information from marine protected areas be used to inform control-rule-based management of small-scale, data-poor stocks?. ICES J Mar Sci 2011, 68:201-211.
109. Perry RI, Cury P, Brander K, Jennings S, Möllmann C, Planque B Sensitivity of marine systems to climate and fishing: concepts, issues and management responses. J Mar Syst 2010, 79:427-435.
110. Schindler DE, Hilborn R, Chasco B, Boatright CP, Quinn TP, Rogers LA, et al. Population diversity and the portfolio effect in an exploited species. Nature 2010, 465:609-612.
111. Marschke MJ, Berkes F. Exploring strategies that build livelihood resilience: a case from Cambodia. Ecol Soc 2006, 11:42.
112. Coulthard S, Johnson D, McGregor JA. Poverty, sustainability and human wellbeing: a social wellbeing approach to the global fisheries crisis. Global Environ Change 2011, 21:453-463.
113. Rice JC, Garcia SM. Fisheries, food security, climate change, and biodiversity: characteristics of the sector and perspectives on emerging issues. ICES J Mar Sci 2011, 68:1343-1353.
114. Godfray HCJ, Crute IR, Haddad L, Lawrence D, Muir JF, Nisbett N, et al. The future of the global food system. Philos Trans R Soc London, Ser B 2010, 365:2769-2777.
115. FAO. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2008. Aquaculture 2009; 76.
116. NOAA. FishWatch-U.S. Seafood Facts. 2010,. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/fishwatch/trade_and_aquaculture.htm.
117. Falkowski PG, Algeo T, Codispoti L, Deutsch C, Emerson S, Hales B, et al. Ocean deoxygenation: past, present, and future. EOS Trans Am Geophys Union 2011, 92:409-410.
118. FAO/NACA/UNEP/WB/WWF International principles for responsible shrimp farming. Reproduction 2006, 20.
119. ADB/ACIAR/AwF/BRR/DKP/FAO/GTZ/IFC/MMAF/NACA/WWF. Practical Manual on Better Management Practices for Tambak Farming in Aceh. 2007; 54.
120. Bondad-Reantaso M, Arthur J, Subasinghe R. Understanding and applying risk analysis in aquaculture. Agriculture 2008, 324.
121. Aquatic Stewardship Council. http://www.ascworldwide.org/.
122. Hilborn R, Orensanz JML, Parma AM. Institutions, incentives and the future of fisheries. Philos Trans R Soc London, Ser B 2005, 360:47-57.
123. Beddington JR, Agnew DJ, Clark CW. Current problems in the management of marine fisheries. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2007, 316:1713-1716.
124. Costello C, Gaines SD, Lynham J. Can catch shares prevent fisheries collapse?. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2008, 321:1678-1681.
125. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority annual report. Australia: 2011; 217pp.
126. Bay Bank-the Chesapeake's conservation marketplace. http://www.thebaybank.org/.
127. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The next generation of tools and actions to restore water quality in the Chesapeake Bay (Draft). Washington, DC: 2009; 55.
128. Wieland R, Parker D, Gans W, Martin A. Costs and cost efficiencies for some nutrient reduction practices in Maryland. Annapolis: Maryland Department of Natural Resources Coastal Program. 2009; 58.
129. IUCN. Designing payments for ecosystem services. Gland, Switzerland: 2008; 43pp.
130. Orbach M, Karrer L, Kaufman L, Samonte-Tan G, Tschirky J. Marine managed areas: what, why, and where. Virginia: Conserv Int 2010, 15.
131. The Nature Conservancy. Marine Conservation Toolkit. 2011,. http://www.mcatoolkit.org/.
132. Belize CZMAI-Coastal Zone Management Authority/Institute and Tourism Board. Travel Belize. 2011.
133. Kinzig A, Perrings C, Chapin FS, Polasky S, Smith V, Tilman D, et al. Paying for ecosystem services-promise and peril. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2011, 334:603-604.
134. Office of the President of Kiribati. Climate change in Kiribati. http://www.climate.gov.ki/.
135. Boruff B, Emrich C., Cutter S Erosion hazard vulnerability of U.S. coastal counties. J Coastal Res 2005, 215:932-942.
136. Coral Triangle Initiative. http://www.coraltriangleinitiative.org/.
137. Mills M, Pressey RL, Weeks R, Foale S, Ban NC. A mismatch of scales: challenges in planning for implementation of marine protected areas in the Coral Triangle. Conserv Lett 2010, 3:291-303.
138. CTI-CRFFS Region-wide early action plan for climate change adaptation for the nearshore marine and coastal environment and small island ecosystems (REAP-CCA) 2011, CTI Regional Secretariat, Jakarta, Indonesia, 29.
139. Green S, Christie P, Meneses AB, Karrer L, Campbell S, White A, et al. Emerging marine protected area networks in the coral triangle: lessons and way forward. Conserv Soc 2011, 9:173.