Changing the Street Dynamic: Evaluating Chicago's Group Violence Reduction Strategy Papachristos and Kirk Evaluating Chicago's Group Violence Reduction Strategy

Criminology and Public Policy

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 525-558

  Papachristos, Andrew V ^a   Kirk, David S ^b  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NUFFIELD COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84941648748     PISSN: 15386473     EISSN: 17459133     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1745-9133.12139     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Allen, Marks. 2010. The "Movement" Chicago "gang" leaders press conference Thursday, September 2nd, against Chicago police chief Jody Weis! And the Ordinary People Said. September 1. Retreived January 11, 2015 from chicagonow.com/and-the-ordinary-people-said/2010/09/the-movement-chicago-gang-leaders-press-conference-thursday-september-2nd-against-chicago-police-chief-jody-weis/.
2. Block, Carolyn Rebecca and Richard Block. 1995. Street gang crime in Chicago. In (Malcolm W. Klein, Cheryl L. Maxson, and Jody Miller, eds.), The Modern Gang Reader. Thousand Oaks, CA: Roxbury.
3. Braga, Anthony A. 2008. Problem-Oriented Policing and Crime Prevention, 2nd ed. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
4. Braga, Anthony A., David. Hureau, and Andrew V. Papachristos. 2013. Deterring gang-involved gun violence: Measuring the impact of Boston's Operation Ceasefire on street gang behavior. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 30: 113-139.
5. Braga, Anthony A., David M. Kennedy, Elin J. Waring, and Anne M. Piehl. 2001. Problem-oriented policing, deterrence, and youth violence: An evaluation of Boston's Operation Ceasefire. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38: 195-225.
6. Braga, Anthony A., Jack McDevitt, and Glenn L. Pierce. 2006. Understanding and preventing gang violence: Problem analysis and response development in Lowell, Massachusetts. Police Quarterly, 9: 20-40.
7. Braga, Anthony A. and David L. Weisburd 2012. The effects of focused deterrence strategies on crime: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 49: 323-358.
8. Brantingham, P. Jeffrey, George E. Tita, Martin B. Short, and Shannon E. Reid. 2012. The ecology of gang territorial boundaries. Criminology, 50: 851-885.
9. Bryne, John and Liam Ford. 2010. Cops, feds meet with gang leaders. Chicago Tribune. August 28. Retrieved June 3, 2015 from articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-08-28/news/ct-met-gangs-0829-20100828_1_gang-leaders-gang-members-gang-violence.
10. Chase, Ivan D. 1980. Social process and hierarchy formation in small groups: A comparative perspective. American Sociological Review, 45: 905-924.
11. Chicago Police Department. 2011. 2010: A Year in Review. Chicago: Author. Retrieved June 4, 2015 from portal.chicagopolice.org/portal/page/portal/ClearPath/News/Statistical%20Reports/Annual%20Reports/10AR.pdf.
12. Corsaro, Nicholas, Eleazer D. Hunt, Natalie Kroovand Hipple, and Edmund F. McGarrell. 2012. The impact of drug market pulling levers policing on neighborhood violence. Criminology & Public Policy, 11: 167-199.
13. Corsaro, Nicholas and Edmund F. McGarrell. 2009. Testing a promising homicide reduction strategy: Re-assessing the impact of the Indianapolis "Pulling Levers" intervention. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 5: 63-82.
14. Crandall, Vaughn and Sue-Lin Wong. 2012. Group violence reduction strategy: Call-in preparation and execution. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Strategies.
15. Dawley, David. 1973. A Nation of Lords: The Autobiography of the Vice Lords. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press.
16. Decker, Scott H. 1996. Collective and normative features of gang violence. Justice Quarterly, 13: 243-264.
17. Decker, Scott H., Charles M. Katz, and Vincent J. Webb. 2007. Understanding the black box of gang organization: Implications for involvement in violent crime, drug sales, and violent victimization. Crime and Delinquency, 54: 153-172.
18. Engel, Robin S., Marie S. Tillyer, and Nicholas Corsaro. 2013. Reducing gang violence using focused deterrence: Evaluation the Cincinnati Initiative to Reduce Violence (CIRV). Justice Quarterly, 30: 403-439.
19. Fagan, Jeffrey. 1989. The social organization of drug use and drug dealing among urban gangs. Criminology, 27: 633-670.
20. Grund, Thomas U. and James A. Densley. 2014. Ethnic homophily and triad closure: Mapping internal gang structure using exponentional random graph models. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice. E-pub ahead of print.
21. Hagedorn, John. 2008. A World of Gangs: Armed Young Men and Gangsta Culture. Minneapolis: Univeristy of Minnisota Press.
22. Henry, David B., Shannon Knoblauch, and Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir. 2014. The effect of intensive CeaseFire intervention on crime in four Chicago police beats: Quantitative assessment. Retrieved April 7, 2015 from cureviolence.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/McCormick-CeaseFire-Evaluation-Quantitative.pdf.
23. Hill, Jennifer. 2004. Reducing Bias in Treatment Effect Estimation in Observational Studies Suffering from Missing Data (working paper 04-01). New York: Columbia University Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy (ISERP). Retrieved June 3, 2015 from academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:129151.
24. Howell, James C. 2012. Gangs in American Communities. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
25. Kennedy, David M. 2011. Don't Shoot: One Man, A Street Fellowship, and the End of Violence in Inner-City America. New York: Bloomsbury.
26. Kennedy, David M., Anthony A. Braga, and Anne M. Piehl. 1997. The (un)known universe: Mapping gangs and gang violence in Boston. In (David L. Weisburd and Tom McEwen, eds.), Crime Mapping and Crime Prevention. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.
27. Kirk, David S. and Andrew V. Papachristos. 2011. Cultural mechanisms and the persistence of neighborhood violence. American Journal of Sociology, 116: 1190-1233.
28. Levitt, Steven and Sudhir A. Venkatesh. 2000. An economic analysis of a drug-selling gang's finances. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115: 755-789.
29. McGarrell, Edmund F. and Steven Chermak. 2003. Problem solving to reduce gang and drug-related violence in Indianapolis. In (Scott H. Decker, eds.), Policing Gangs and Youth Violence. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
30. McGarrell, Edmund F., Steven Chermak, Jeremy M. Wilson, and Nicholas Corsaro. 2006. Reducing homicide through a "lever-pulling" strategy. Justice Quarterly, 23: 214-231.
31. Moore, Natalie Y. and Lance Williams. 2011. The Almighty Black P Stone Nation: The Rise, Fall, and Resurgence of an American Gang. Chicago, IL: Lawrence Hill Books.
32. Morenoff, Jeffrey D., Robert J. Sampson, and Stephen W. Raudenbush. 2001. Neighborhood inequality, collective efficacy, and the spatial dynamics of urban violence. Criminology, 39: 517-559.
33. Morgan, Stephen L. and David J. Harding. 2006. Matching estimators of causal effects: Prospects and pitfalls in theory and practice. Sociological Methods and Research, 35: 3-60.
34. Morgan, Stephen L. and Christopher Winship. 2007. Counterfactuals and Causal Inference: Methods and Principles for Social Research. New York: Cambridge University Press.
35. Office of Emergency Management and Communications. 2012. Chicago police areas, districts, and beats. Retrieved June 4, 2015 from gis.chicagopolice.org/pdfs/district_beat.pdf.
36. Papachristos, Andrew V. 2013. 48 Years of Crime in Chicago: A Descriptive Analysis of Serious Crime Trends from 1965 to 2013 (ISPS Working Paper No. 13-023). Yale University Institution for Social and Policy Studies. Retrieved June 3, 2015 from images.politico.com/global/2013/12/15/48yearsofcrime_final_ispsworkingpaper023.pdf.
37. Papachristos, Andrew V. 2014. Close the crime gap to reduce inequality. The Washington Post. September 17. Retrieved June 3, 2015 from washingtonpost.com/opinions/closing-the-crime-gap-in-us-cities-could-help-reduce-inequality/2014/09/17/faaeb69a-3deb-11e4-b03f-de718edeb92f_story.html.
38. Papachristos, Andrew V., Anthony A. Braga, and David. Hureau. 2012. Social networks and the risk of gunshot injury. Journal of Urban Health, 89: 992-1003.
39. Papachristos, Andrew V., David M. Hureau, and Anthony A. Braga. 2013. The corner and the crew: The influence of geography and social networks on gang violence. American Sociological Review, 78: 417-447.
40. Papachristos, Andrew V. and David S. Kirk. 2006. Neighborhood effects on street gang behavior. In (James F. Short and Lorine A. Hughes, eds.), Studying Youth Gangs. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press.
41. Papachristos, Andrew V., Tracey L. Meares, and Jeffrey Fagan. 2007. Attention felons: Evaluating Project Safe Neighborhoods in Chicago. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 4: 223-272.
42. Papachristos, Andrew V., Christopher Wildeman, and Elizabeth Roberto. 2015. Tragic, but not random: The social contagion of nonfatal gunshot injuries. Social Science & Medicine, 125: 139-150.
43. Peterson, Ruth D. and Lauren J. Krivo. 2010. Divergent Social Worlds: Neighborhood Crime and the Racial-Spatial Divide. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
44. Robinson, Kevin. 2010. Aldermen criticize Weis, Daley defends sit-down with gang leaders. Chicagoist. September 1. Retrieved June 3, 2015 from chicagoist.com/2010/09/01/aldermen_criticize_weis_daley_defen.php.
45. Rosenbaum, Paul R. and Donald B. Rubin. 1985. The bias due to incomplete matching. Biometrics, 41: 103-116.
46. Sampson, Robert J. 2012. Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
47. Sierra-Arevalo, Michael and Andrew V. Papachristos. 2015. Applying group audits to problem oriented policing. In (Gisela Bichler and Aili Malm, eds.), Preventing Crime with Social Network Analysis, Crime Prevention Studies. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
48. Skogan, Wesley G., Susan M. Hartnett, Natalie Bump, and Jill Dubois. 2009. Evaluation of CeaseFire-Chicago. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice.
49. Smith, Jeffrey A. and Petra E. Todd. 2005. Does matching overcome LaLonde's critique of nonexperimental estimators? Journal of Econometrics, 125: 305-353.
50. Spergel, Irving A. 1995. The Youth Gang Problem: A Community Approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
51. theGrio. 2010. Chicago gangs to top cop: You're not playing fair. theGrio. September 4. Retrieved June 3, 2015 from thegrio.com/2010/09/04/chicago-gangs-to-top-cop-youre-not-playing-fair/.
52. The Huffington Post. 2010. Jody Weis' secret gang summit: City officials have mixed feelings. The Huffington Post. August 31. Retrieved June 3, 2015 from huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/31/jody-weis-secret-gang-sum_n_701192.html.
53. Tita, George E., Jacqueline Cohen, and John Engberg. 2005. An ecological study of the location of gang "set space." Social Problems, 52: 272-299.
54. Tita, George E., K. Jack Riley, and Peter Greenwood. 2003. From Boston to Boyle Heights: The process and prospects of a "Pulling Levers" strategy in a Los Angeles Barrio. In (Scott H. Decker, ed.), Policing Gangs and Youth Violence. Belmo nt, CA: Wadsworth.
55. Venkatesh, Sudhir A. and Steven D. Levitt. 2000. Are we a family or a business? History and disjuncture in the urban American street gang. Theory and Society, 29: 427-462.
56. Wasserman, Stanley and Katherine Faust. 1994. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
57. Wellford, Charles F., John V. Pepper, and Carol V. Petrie, eds. 2005. Firearms and Violence: A Critical Review. Committee to Improve Research Information and Data on Firearms. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
58. Wolfgang, Marvin E. 1958. Patterns in Criminal Homicide. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.