Frenemies: Signaling and Nutritional Integration in Pathogen-Microbiota-Host Interactions

Cell Host and Microbe

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 275-284

  Cameron, Elizabeth A ^a   Sperandio, Vanessa ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACID;

ADRENERGIC ACTIVITY; ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BINDING AFFINITY; CARBON METABOLISM; CARBON SOURCE; FUCOSYLATION; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; INTESTINE FLORA; INTESTINE INFECTION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; MICROBIAL METABOLISM; NONHUMAN; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; ANIMAL; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; MAMMAL; MICROBIOLOGY; SYMBIOSIS; VIRULENCE;

ANIMALS; GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOME; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; MAMMALS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SYMBIOSIS; VIRULENCE;

EID: 84941284307     PISSN: 19313128     EISSN: 19346069     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.08.007     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. Y. Asano, T. Hiramoto, R. Nishino, Y. Aiba, T. Kimura, K. Yoshihara, Y. Koga, and N. Sudo Critical role of gut microbiota in the production of biologically active, free catecholamines in the gut lumen of mice Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 303 2012 G1288 G1295
2. S.M. Autieri, J.J. Lins, M.P. Leatham, D.C. Laux, T. Conway, and P.S. Cohen L-fucose stimulates utilization of D-ribose by Escherichia coli MG1655 DeltafucAO and E. coli Nissle 1917 DeltafucAO mutants in the mouse intestine and in M9 minimal medium Infect. Immun. 75 2007 5465 5475
3. J. Bai, S.P. McAteer, E. Paxton, A. Mahajan, D.L. Gally, and J.J. Tree Screening of an E. coli O157:H7 Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Library by Comparative Genomic Hybridization to Identify Genomic Regions Contributing to Growth in Bovine Gastrointestinal Mucus and Epithelial Cell Colonization Front Microbiol 2 2011 168
4. Y. Bertin, J.P. Girardeau, F. Chaucheyras-Durand, B. Lyan, E. Pujos-Guillot, J. Harel, and C. Martin Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli gains a competitive advantage by using ethanolamine as a nitrogen source in the bovine intestinal content Environ. Microbiol. 13 2011 365 377
5. M. Bohnhoff, B.L. Drake, and C.P. Miller Effect of streptomycin on susceptibility of intestinal tract to experimental Salmonella infection Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 86 1954 132 137
6. A. Bourgogne, S.G. Hilsenbeck, G.M. Dunny, and B.E. Murray Comparison of OG1RF and an isogenic fsrB deletion mutant by transcriptional analysis: the Fsr system of Enterococcus faecalis is more than the activator of gelatinase and serine protease J. Bacteriol. 188 2006 2875 2884
7. L. Bry, P.G. Falk, T. Midtvedt, and J.I. Gordon A model of host-microbial interactions in an open mammalian ecosystem Science 273 1996 1380 1383
8. P.B. Carter, and F.M. Collins The route of enteric infection in normal mice J. Exp. Med. 139 1974 1189 1203
9. D.E. Chang, D.J. Smalley, D.L. Tucker, M.P. Leatham, W.E. Norris, S.J. Stevenson, A.B. Anderson, J.E. Grissom, D.C. Laux, P.S. Cohen, and T. Conway Carbon nutrition of Escherichia coli in the mouse intestine Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 2004 7427 7432
10. J.Y. Chang, D.A. Antonopoulos, A. Kalra, A. Tonelli, W.T. Khalife, T.M. Schmidt, and V.B. Young Decreased diversity of the fecal Microbiome in recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea J. Infect. Dis. 197 2008 435 438
11. M.B. Clarke, D.T. Hughes, C. Zhu, E.C. Boedeker, and V. Sperandio The QseC sensor kinase: a bacterial adrenergic receptor Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 2006 10420 10425
12. M.M. Curtis, and V. Sperandio A complex relationship: the interaction among symbiotic microbes, invading pathogens, and their mammalian host Mucosal Immunol. 4 2011 133 138
13. M.M. Curtis, Z. Hu, C. Klimko, S. Narayanan, R. Deberardinis, and V. Sperandio The gut commensal bacteroides thetaiotaomicron exacerbates enteric infection through modification of the metabolic landscape Cell Host Microbe 16 2014 759 769
14. M.M. Curtis, R. Russell, C.G. Moreira, A.M. Adebesin, C. Wang, N.S. Williams, R. Taussig, D. Stewart, P. Zimmern, B. Lu, and et al. QseC inhibitors as an antivirulence approach for Gram-negative pathogens MBio 5 2014 e02165
15. A. El Kaoutari, F. Armougom, J.I. Gordon, D. Raoult, and B. Henrissat The abundance and variety of carbohydrate-active enzymes in the human gut microbiota Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 11 2013 497 504
16. A.J. Fabich, S.A. Jones, F.Z. Chowdhury, A. Cernosek, A. Anderson, D. Smalley, J.W. McHargue, G.A. Hightower, J.T. Smith, S.M. Autieri, and et al. Comparison of carbon nutrition for pathogenic and commensal Escherichia coli strains in the mouse intestine Infect. Immun. 76 2008 1143 1152
17. J.A. Ferreyra, K.M. Ng, and J.L. Sonnenburg The Enteric Two-Step: nutritional strategies of bacterial pathogens within the gut Cell. Microbiol. 16 2014 993 1003
18. J.A. Ferreyra, K.J. Wu, A.J. Hryckowian, D.M. Bouley, B.C. Weimer, and J.L. Sonnenburg Gut microbiota-produced succinate promotes C. difficile infection after antibiotic treatment or motility disturbance Cell Host Microbe 16 2014 770 777
19. J.T. Fox, J.S. Drouillard, X. Shi, and T.G. Nagaraja Effects of mucin and its carbohydrate constituents on Escherichia coli O157 growth in batch culture fermentations with ruminal or fecal microbial inoculum J. Anim. Sci. 87 2009 1304 1313
20. S. Fukuda, H. Toh, K. Hase, K. Oshima, Y. Nakanishi, K. Yoshimura, T. Tobe, J.M. Clarke, D.L. Topping, T. Suzuki, and et al. Bifidobacteria can protect from enteropathogenic infection through production of acetate Nature 469 2011 543 547
21. J.B. Furness Types of neurons in the enteric nervous system J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 81 2000 87 96
22. I. Gantois, R. Ducatelle, F. Pasmans, F. Haesebrouck, I. Hautefort, A. Thompson, J.C. Hinton, and F. Van Immerseel Butyrate specifically down-regulates salmonella pathogenicity island 1 gene expression Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72 2006 946 949
23. D.A. Garsin Ethanolamine utilization in bacterial pathogens: roles and regulation Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 8 2010 290 295
24. S. Ghosh, C. Dai, K. Brown, E. Rajendiran, S. Makarenko, J. Baker, C. Ma, S. Halder, M. Montero, V.A. Ionescu, and et al. Colonic microbiota alters host susceptibility to infectious colitis by modulating inflammation, redox status, and ion transporter gene expression Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 301 2011 G39 G49
25. L.A. Gonyar, and M.M. Kendall Ethanolamine and choline promote expression of putative and characterized fimbriae in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infect. Immun. 82 2014 193 201
26. A.L. Gore, and S.M. Payne CsrA and Cra influence Shigella flexneri pathogenesis Infect. Immun. 78 2010 4674 4682
27. S. Grenham, G. Clarke, J.F. Cryan, and T.G. Dinan Brain-gut-microbe communication in health and disease Front. Physiol. 2 2011 94
28. M.J. Hamilton, A.R. Weingarden, T. Unno, A. Khoruts, and M.J. Sadowsky High-throughput DNA sequence analysis reveals stable engraftment of gut microbiota following transplantation of previously frozen fecal bacteria Gut Microbes 4 2013 125 135
29. L.V. Hooper, J. Xu, P.G. Falk, T. Midtvedt, and J.I. Gordon A molecular sensor that allows a gut commensal to control its nutrient foundation in a competitive ecosystem Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 1999 9833 9838
30. L.V. Hooper, T. Midtvedt, and J.I. Gordon How host-microbial interactions shape the nutrient environment of the mammalian intestine Annu. Rev. Nutr. 22 2002 283 307
31. S. Hörger, G. Schultheiss, and M. Diener Segment-specific effects of epinephrine on ion transport in the colon of the rat Am. J. Physiol. 275 1998 G1367 G1376
32. D.T. Hughes, and V. Sperandio Inter-kingdom signalling: communication between bacteria and their hosts Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 6 2008 111 120
33. D.T. Hughes, M.B. Clarke, K. Yamamoto, D.A. Rasko, and V. Sperandio The QseC adrenergic signaling cascade in Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) PLoS Pathog. 5 2009 e1000553
34. C.C. Hung, C.D. Garner, J.M. Slauch, Z.W. Dwyer, S.D. Lawhon, J.G. Frye, M. McClelland, B.M. Ahmer, and C. Altier The intestinal fatty acid propionate inhibits Salmonella invasion through the post-translational control of HilD Mol. Microbiol. 87 2013 1045 1060
35. B. Joseph, K. Przybilla, C. Stühler, K. Schauer, J. Slaghuis, T.M. Fuchs, and W. Goebel Identification of Listeria monocytogenes genes contributing to intracellular replication by expression profiling and mutant screening J. Bacteriol. 188 2006 556 568
36. K. Jung, B. Tjaden, and K. Altendorf Purification, reconstitution, and characterization of KdpD, the turgor sensor of Escherichia coli J. Biol. Chem. 272 1997 10847 10852
37. N. Kamada, Y.G. Kim, H.P. Sham, B.A. Vallance, J.L. Puente, E.C. Martens, and G. Núñez Regulated virulence controls the ability of a pathogen to compete with the gut microbiota Science 336 2012 1325 1329
38. J.B. Kaper, and J. Hacker Pathogenicity islands and other mobile virulence elements First Edition 1999 ASM Press Washington, DC
39. J.B. Kaper, J.P. Nataro, and H.L. Mobley Pathogenic Escherichia coli Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2 2004 123 140
40. A. Kelly, M.D. Goldberg, R.K. Carroll, V. Danino, J.C. Hinton, and C.J. Dorman A global role for Fis in the transcriptional control of metabolism and type III secretion in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Microbiology 150 2004 2037 2053
41. M.M. Kendall, C.C. Gruber, C.T. Parker, and V. Sperandio Ethanolamine controls expression of genes encoding components involved in interkingdom signaling and virulence in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 MBio 3 2012 3
42. A. Khoruts, J. Dicksved, J.K. Jansson, and M.J. Sadowsky Changes in the composition of the human fecal microbiome after bacteriotherapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 44 2010 354 360
43. J.O. Korbel, T. Doerks, L.J. Jensen, C. Perez-Iratxeta, S. Kaczanowski, S.D. Hooper, M.A. Andrade, and P. Bork Systematic association of genes to phenotypes by genome and literature mining PLoS Biol. 3 2005 e134
44. N.M. Koropatkin, E.A. Cameron, and E.C. Martens How glycan metabolism shapes the human gut microbiota Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 10 2012 323 335
45. J.M. Larsson, H. Karlsson, H. Sjövall, and G.C. Hansson A complex, but uniform O-glycosylation of the human MUC2 mucin from colonic biopsies analyzed by nanoLC/MSn Glycobiology 19 2009 756 766
46. S.D. Lawhon, R. Maurer, M. Suyemoto, and C. Altier Intestinal short-chain fatty acids alter Salmonella typhimurium invasion gene expression and virulence through BarA/SirA Mol. Microbiol. 46 2002 1451 1464
47. S.D. Lawhon, J.G. Frye, M. Suyemoto, S. Porwollik, M. McClelland, and C. Altier Global regulation by CsrA in Salmonella typhimurium Mol. Microbiol. 48 2003 1633 1645
48. M.P. Leatham, S. Banerjee, S.M. Autieri, R. Mercado-Lubo, T. Conway, and P.S. Cohen Precolonized human commensal Escherichia coli strains serve as a barrier to E. coli O157:H7 growth in the streptomycin-treated mouse intestine Infect. Immun. 77 2009 2876 2886
49. D.H. Luzader, D.E. Clark, L.A. Gonyar, and M.M. Kendall EutR is a direct regulator of genes that contribute to metabolism and virulence in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 J. Bacteriol. 195 2013 4947 4953
50. D.R. Mack, S. Michail, S. Wei, L. McDougall, and M.A. Hollingsworth Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenic E. coli adherence in vitro by inducing intestinal mucin gene expression Am. J. Physiol. 276 1999 G941 G950
51. L. Maier, R. Vyas, C.D. Cordova, H. Lindsay, T.S. Schmidt, S. Brugiroux, B. Periaswamy, R. Bauer, A. Sturm, F. Schreiber, and et al. Microbiota-derived hydrogen fuels Salmonella typhimurium invasion of the gut ecosystem Cell Host Microbe 14 2013 641 651
52. R. Maltby, M.P. Leatham-Jensen, T. Gibson, P.S. Cohen, and T. Conway Nutritional basis for colonization resistance by human commensal Escherichia coli strains HS and Nissle 1917 against E. coli O157:H7 in the mouse intestine PLoS ONE 8 2013 e53957
53. A. Marcobal, P.C. Kashyap, T.A. Nelson, P.A. Aronov, M.S. Donia, A. Spormann, M.A. Fischbach, and J.L. Sonnenburg A metabolomic view of how the human gut microbiota impacts the host metabolome using humanized and gnotobiotic mice ISME J. 7 2013 1933 1943
54. J.F. Marquis, and P. Gros Genetic analysis of resistance to infections in mice: A/J meets C57BL/6J Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 321 2008 27 57
55. E.C. Martens, H.C. Chiang, and J.I. Gordon Mucosal glycan foraging enhances fitness and transmission of a saccharolytic human gut bacterial symbiont Cell Host Microbe 4 2008 447 457
56. J.L. Mellies, S.J. Elliott, V. Sperandio, M.S. Donnenberg, and J.B. Kaper The Per regulon of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: identification of a regulatory cascade and a novel transcriptional activator, the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-encoded regulator (Ler) Mol. Microbiol. 33 1999 296 306
57. R.L. Miranda, T. Conway, M.P. Leatham, D.E. Chang, W.E. Norris, J.H. Allen, S.J. Stevenson, D.C. Laux, and P.S. Cohen Glycolytic and gluconeogenic growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EDL933) and E. coli K-12 (MG1655) in the mouse intestine Infect. Immun. 72 2004 1666 1676
58. P.E. Molina Endocrine Physiology Second Edition 2006 The McGraw Hill Companies Inc.
59. C.G. Moreira, D. Weinshenker, and V. Sperandio QseC mediates Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium virulence in vitro and in vivo Infect. Immun. 78 2010 914 926
60. R. Mushin, and R. Dubos Colonization of the mouse intestine with Escherichia coli J. Exp. Med. 122 1965 745 757
61. N. Nakanishi, K. Tashiro, S. Kuhara, T. Hayashi, N. Sugimoto, and T. Tobe Regulation of virulence by butyrate sensing in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli Microbiology 155 2009 521 530
62. M. Nakano, A. Takahashi, Y. Sakai, and Y. Nakaya Modulation of pathogenicity with norepinephrine related to the type III secretion system of Vibrio parahaemolyticus J. Infect. Dis. 195 2007 1353 1360
63. K.M. Ng, J.A. Ferreyra, S.K. Higginbottom, J.B. Lynch, P.C. Kashyap, S. Gopinath, N. Naidu, B. Choudhury, B.C. Weimer, D.M. Monack, and J.L. Sonnenburg Microbiota-liberated host sugars facilitate post-antibiotic expansion of enteric pathogens Nature 502 2013 96 99
64. J. Njoroge, and V. Sperandio Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli virulence regulation by two bacterial adrenergic kinases, QseC and QseE Infect. Immun. 80 2012 688 703
65. J.W. Njoroge, Y. Nguyen, M.M. Curtis, C.G. Moreira, and V. Sperandio Virulence meets metabolism: Cra and KdpE gene regulation in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli MBio 3 2012 e00280-e12
66. J.W. Njoroge, C. Gruber, and V. Sperandio The interacting Cra and KdpE regulators are involved in the expression of multiple virulence factors in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli J. Bacteriol. 195 2013 2499 2508
67. A.R. Pacheco, M.M. Curtis, J.M. Ritchie, D. Munera, M.K. Waldor, C.G. Moreira, and V. Sperandio Fucose sensing regulates bacterial intestinal colonization Nature 492 2012 113 117
68. A.T. Pavia, L.D. Shipman, J.G. Wells, N.D. Puhr, J.D. Smith, T.W. McKinley, and R.V. Tauxe Epidemiologic evidence that prior antimicrobial exposure decreases resistance to infection by antimicrobial-sensitive Salmonella J. Infect. Dis. 161 1990 255 260
69. J. Pépin, N. Saheb, M.A. Coulombe, M.E. Alary, M.P. Corriveau, S. Authier, M. Leblanc, G. Rivard, M. Bettez, V. Primeau, and et al. Emergence of fluoroquinolones as the predominant risk factor for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a cohort study during an epidemic in Quebec Clin. Infect. Dis. 41 2005 1254 1260
70. R. Pifer, and V. Sperandio The Interplay between the Microbiota and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Microbiol. Spectr. 2 2014
71. N.J. Pultz, L.C. Hoskins, and C.J. Donskey Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci may obtain nutritional support by scavenging carbohydrate fragments generated during mucin degradation by the anaerobic microbiota of the colon Microb. Drug Resist. 12 2006 63 67
72. D. Purves, D. Fitzpatrick, S.M. Williams, J.O. McNamara, G.J. Augustine, L.C. Katz, and A. LaMantia Neuroscience Second Edition 2001 Sinauer Associates, Inc.
73. T.M. Ramseier, D. Nègre, J.C. Cortay, M. Scarabel, A.J. Cozzone, and M.H. Saier Jr. In vitro binding of the pleiotropic transcriptional regulatory protein, FruR, to the fru, pps, ace, pts and icd operons of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium J. Mol. Biol. 234 1993 28 44
74. T.M. Ramseier, S. Bledig, V. Michotey, R. Feghali, and M.H. Saier Jr. The global regulatory protein FruR modulates the direction of carbon flow in Escherichia coli Mol. Microbiol. 16 1995 1157 1169
75. D.A. Rasko, C.G. Moreira, R. Li, N.C. Reading, J.M. Ritchie, M.K. Waldor, N. Williams, R. Taussig, S. Wei, M. Roth, and et al. Targeting QseC signaling and virulence for antibiotic development Science 321 2008 1078 1080
76. N.C. Reading, D.A. Rasko, A.G. Torres, and V. Sperandio The two-component system QseEF and the membrane protein QseG link adrenergic and stress sensing to bacterial pathogenesis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106 2009 5889 5894
77. N. Reichardt, S.H. Duncan, P. Young, A. Belenguer, C. McWilliam Leitch, K.P. Scott, H.J. Flint, and P. Louis Phylogenetic distribution of three pathways for propionate production within the human gut microbiota ISME J. 8 2014 1323 1335
78. S.D. Reid, C.J. Herbelin, A.C. Bumbaugh, R.K. Selander, and T.S. Whittam Parallel evolution of virulence in pathogenic Escherichia coli Nature 406 2000 64 67
79. J.M. Rodríguez, K. Murphy, C. Stanton, R.P. Ross, O.I. Kober, N. Juge, E. Avershina, K. Rudi, A. Narbad, M.C. Jenmalm, and et al. The composition of the gut microbiota throughout life, with an emphasis on early life Microb. Ecol. Health Dis. 26 2015 26050
80. M.H. Saier Jr., and T.M. Ramseier The catabolite repressor/activator (Cra) protein of enteric bacteria J. Bacteriol. 178 1996 3411 3417
81. T.R. Sampson, and S.K. Mazmanian Control of brain development, function, and behavior by the microbiome Cell Host Microbe 17 2015 565 576
82. S.A. Schinner, M.E. Mokszycki, J. Adediran, M. Leatham-Jensen, T. Conway, and P.S. Cohen Escherichia coli EDL933 requires gluconeogenic nutrients to successfully colonize the intestines of streptomycin-treated mice precolonized with E. coli Nissle 1917 Infect. Immun. 83 2015 1983 1991
83. G. Sharon, N. Garg, J. Debelius, R. Knight, P.C. Dorrestein, and S.K. Mazmanian Specialized metabolites from the microbiome in health and disease Cell Metab. 20 2014 719 730
84. F. Sommer, and F. Bäckhed The gut microbiota - masters of host development and physiology Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 11 2013 227 238
85. Y. Song, S. Garg, M. Girotra, C. Maddox, E.C. von Rosenvinge, A. Dutta, S. Dutta, and W.F. Fricke Microbiota dynamics in patients treated with fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection PLoS ONE 8 2013 e81330
86. J.L. Sonnenburg, J. Xu, D.D. Leip, C.H. Chen, B.P. Westover, J. Weatherford, J.D. Buhler, and J.I. Gordon Glycan foraging in vivo by an intestine-adapted bacterial symbiont Science 307 2005 1955 1959
87. V. Sperandio, and N. Freitag Cell regulation Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 15 2012 115 117
88. V. Sperandio, A.G. Torres, B. Jarvis, J.P. Nataro, and J.B. Kaper Bacteria-host communication: the language of hormones Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 2003 8951 8956
89. M. Takao, H. Yen, and T. Tobe LeuO enhances butyrate-induced virulence expression through a positive regulatory loop in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli Mol. Microbiol. 93 2014 1302 1313
90. C.M. Theriot, M.J. Koenigsknecht, P.E. Carlson Jr., G.E. Hatton, A.M. Nelson, B. Li, G.B. Huffnagle, J. Z Li, and V.B. Young Antibiotic-induced shifts in the mouse gut microbiome and metabolome increase susceptibility to Clostridium difficile infection Nat. Commun. 5 2014 3114
91. P. Thiennimitr, S.E. Winter, M.G. Winter, M.N. Xavier, V. Tolstikov, D.L. Huseby, T. Sterzenbach, R.M. Tsolis, J.R. Roth, and A.J. Bäumler Intestinal inflammation allows Salmonella to use ethanolamine to compete with the microbiota Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108 2011 17480 17485
92. T. Tobe, N. Nakanishi, and N. Sugimoto Activation of motility by sensing short-chain fatty acids via two steps in a flagellar gene regulatory cascade in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Infect. Immun. 79 2011 1016 1024
93. A. Toledo-Arana, O. Dussurget, G. Nikitas, N. Sesto, H. Guet-Revillet, D. Balestrino, E. Loh, J. Gripenland, T. Tiensuu, K. Vaitkevicius, and et al. The Listeria transcriptional landscape from saprophytism to virulence Nature 459 2009 950 956
94. M. Walters, M.P. Sircili, and V. Sperandio AI-3 synthesis is not dependent on luxS in Escherichia coli J. Bacteriol. 188 2006 5668 5681
95. L.M. Wick, W. Qi, D.W. Lacher, and T.S. Whittam Evolution of genomic content in the stepwise emergence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 J. Bacteriol. 187 2005 1783 1791
96. B.P. Willing, A. Vacharaksa, M. Croxen, T. Thanachayanont, and B.B. Finlay Altering host resistance to infections through microbial transplantation PLoS ONE 6 2011 e26988
97. J. Xu, M.K. Bjursell, J. Himrod, S. Deng, L.K. Carmichael, H.C. Chiang, L.V. Hooper, and J.I. Gordon A genomic view of the human-Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron symbiosis Science 299 2003 2074 2076
98. K. Yamamoto, K. Hirao, T. Oshima, H. Aiba, R. Utsumi, and A. Ishihama Functional characterization in vitro of all two-component signal transduction systems from Escherichia coli J. Biol. Chem. 280 2005 1448 1456
99. J.M. Yano, K. Yu, G.P. Donaldson, G.G. Shastri, P. Ann, L. Ma, C.R. Nagler, R.F. Ismagilov, S.K. Mazmanian, and E.Y. Hsiao Indigenous bacteria from the gut microbiota regulate host serotonin biosynthesis Cell 161 2015 264 276
100. S.D. Zumbrun, A.R. Melton-Celsa, M.A. Smith, J.J. Gilbreath, D.S. Merrell, and A.D. O'Brien Dietary choice affects Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 colonization and disease Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110 2013 E2126 E2133