Does Iodine Excess Lead to Hypothyroidism? Evidence from a Case-Control Study in India

Archives of Medical Research

Volumn 46, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 490-494

  Kotwal, Atul ^a   Kotwal, Jyoti ^b   Prakash, Rajat ^a   Kotwal, Narendra ^a  

^a Directorate General of Health Services   (India)

^b Department of Haematology ^*  (India)

Author keywords

Autoimmune thyroiditis; Case control study; Hypothyroidism; Iodine deficiency disorders; Salt iodization; Urinary iodine excretion

Indexed keywords

IODINE; LIOTHYRONINE; THYROID ANTIBODY; THYROTROPIN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INDIA; LIOTHYRONINE BLOOD LEVEL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; SOCIAL STATUS; TERTIARY HEALTH CARE; THYROID FUNCTION TEST; THYROTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; URINARY EXCRETION; URINARY IODINE EXCRETION; COHORT ANALYSIS; PATHOLOGY;

ADULT; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INDIA; IODINE; MALE;

EID: 84941279429     PISSN: 01884409     EISSN: 18735487     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.07.005     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. McCarrison R. Observation on endemic goiter in the Chitral and Gilgit valleys. Lancet 1906, 1:1110.
2. McCarrison R. An experiment in goitre prevention being the further history of goitre at the Lawrence Royal Military School, Sanawar, Punjab, India. BMJ 1927, 1:94-95.
3. Stott H., Bhatia B.B., Lal R.S., et al. The distribution and cause of endemic goitre in the United Provinces. Indian J Med Res 1930, 18:1059-1085.
4. Ramalingaswami V., Subramanian T.A., Deo M.G. The aetiology of Himalayan endemic goiter. Lancet 1961, 1:791-794.
5. Kochupillai N., Karmarkar M.G., Weightman D., et al. Pituitary-thyroid axis in Himalayan endemic goiter. Lancet 1973, 1:1021-1024.
6. Aravindan K.P. National Policy for Universal Salt Iodization: A Critique 1989, 1-21. Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad, Tichur, Kerala, India.
7. Priya R., Qadeer I. The science and politics of iodised salt 2000, The Hindu, Chennai, India.
8. Kotwal A., Priya R., Qadeer I. Goiter and other iodine deficiency disorders: a systematic review of epidemiological studies to deconstruct the complex web. Arch Med Res 2007, 38:1-14.
9. Camargo R.Y., Tomimori E.K., Neves S.C., et al. Thyroid and the environment: exposure to excessive nutritional iodine increases the prevalence of thyroid disorders in Saõ Paulo, Brazil. Eur J Endocrinol 2008, 159:293-299.
10. Pedersen I.B., Laurberg P., Knudsen N., et al. An increased incidence of overt hypothyroidism after iodine fortification of salt in Denmark: a prospective population study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007, 92:3122-3127.
11. Lombardi F.A., Fiore E., Tonacchera M., et al. The effect of voluntary iodine prophylaxis in a small rural community: the Pescopagano survey 15 years later. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013, 98:1031-1039.
12. Teng W.P., Shan Z., Teng X. Effects of an increased iodine intake on thyroid diseases: epidemiological study from China. Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine 2006, 354:2793.
13. Unnikrishnan A.G., Kalra S., Sahay R.K., et al. Prevalence of hypothyroidism in adults: an epidemiological study in eight cities of India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013, 17:647-652.
14. Priya R., Kotwal A., Qadeer I. Towards an eco-social and epidemiological approach to goiter and other iodine deficiency disorders: a case study of India's technocentric programme for universal iodization of salt. Int J Health Serv 2009, 39:349-362.
15. Urinary iodine concentrations for determining iodine status in populations. WHO/NMH/NHD/EPG/13.1. Available at:. Accessed 20 Dec 2013. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85972/1/WHO_NMH_NHD_EPG_13.1_eng.pdf.
16. Assessment of the iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination 2001, WHO, UNICEF, and ICCIDD, WHO/NHD/01.1, Geneva.
17. Pearce E.H., Gerber A.R., Gootnick D.B., et al. Effects of chronic iodine excess in a cohort of long-term American workers in West Africa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002, 87:5499-5502.
18. Szabolcs I., Podoba J., Feldcamp J., et al. Comparative screening for thyroid disorders in old age in areas of iodine deficiency, long-term iodine prophylaxis and abundant iodine intake. Clin Endocrinol 1997, 47:87-92.
19. Martino E., Bartalena L., Bogazzi F., et al. The effects of amiodarone on the thyroid. Endocr Rev 2001, 22:240-254.
20. Zhao J., Chen Z., Maberly G. Iodine-rich drinking water of natural origin in China. Lancet 1998, 352:2024.
21. Liel Y., Alkan M. Travelers' thyrotoxicosis: transitory thyrotoxicosis induced by iodinated preparations for water purification. Arch Intern Med 1996, 156:807-810.
22. Mueller B., Diem P., Burgi U. Travelers' thyrotoxicosis revisited. Arch Intern Med 1998, 158:1723.
23. Georgitis W.J., McDermott M.T., Kidd G.S. An iodine load from water purification tablets alters thyroid function in humans. Mil Med 1997, 158:794-797.
24. Ader A.W., Paul T.L., Reinhardt W., et al. Effect of mouth rinsing with two polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine mixtures on iodine absorption and thyroid function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998, 66:632-635.
25. Mizukami Y., Michigishi T., Nonomura A., et al. Iodine-induced hypothyroidism: a clinical and histological study of 28 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993, 76:466-471.
26. Markou K., Georgopoulos N., Kyriazoploulou V., et al. Iodine-induced hypothyroidism. Thyroid 2001, 11:501-510.
27. Wolff J., Chaikoff I.L. Plasma inorganic iodide as homeostatic regulator of thyroid function. J Biol Chem 1948, 174:555-564.
28. Bourdoux P.P., Ermans A.M., Mukalay W.A., et al. Iodine induced thyrotoxicosis in Kiwu, Zaire. Lancet 1996, 347:552-553.
29. Rasooly L., Burek C.L., Rose N.R. Iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis in NOD-H-2h4 mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1996, 81:287-292.
30. Verkaik-Kloosterman J., van't Veer P., Ocke' M.C. Reduction of salt: will iodine intake remain adequate in The Netherlands?. Br J Nutr 2010, 104:1712-1718.