Mortality in schizophrenia and other psychoses: A 10-year follow-up of the ÆsOP first-episode cohort

Schizophrenia Bulletin

Volumn 41, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 664-673

  Reininghaus, Ulrich ^a,b,c   Dutta, Rina ^a   Dazzan, Paola ^a,d   Doody, Gillian A ^e   Fearon, Paul ^f   Lappin, Julia ^a,d,g   Heslin, Margaret ^a   Onyejiaka, Adanna ^a   Donoghue, Kim ^a   Lomas, Ben ^e   Kirkbride, James B ^h   Murray, Robin M ^a,d   Croudace, Tim ⁱ   Morgan, Craig ^a,d   Jones, Peter B ^c  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^d SOUTH LONDON AND MAUDSLEY NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^f TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^g UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^h UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Mortality; Psychosis; Risk factors; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ILLICIT DRUG;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CAUSE OF DEATH; COHORT ANALYSIS; ETHNICITY; FAMILY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; REMISSION; RISK FACTOR; SCHIZOPHRENIA; STANDARDIZATION; UNITED KINGDOM; ADOLESCENT; ENGLAND; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; REGISTER; RISK; TIME FACTOR; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CAUSE OF DEATH; ENGLAND; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; LONDON; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; REGISTRIES; RISK; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84941259711     PISSN: 05867614     EISSN: 17451701     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu138     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Beary M, Hodgson R, Wildgust HJ. A critical review of major mortality risk factors for all-cause mortality in firstepisode schizophrenia: clinical and research implications. J Psychopharmacol. 2012;26:52-61.
2. Crump C, Winkleby MA, Sundquist K, Sundquist J. Comorbidities and mortality in persons with schizophrenia: a Swedish national cohort study. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170:324-333.
3. Hoang U, Goldacre MJ, Stewart R. Avoidable mortality in people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder in England. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2013;127:195-201.
4. Hoang U, Stewart R, Goldacre MJ. Mortality after hospital discharge for people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: retrospective study of linked English hospital episode statistics, 1999-2006. BMJ. 2011;343:d5422.
5. Hoye A, Jacobsen BK, Hansen V. Increasing mortality in schizophrenia: are women at particular risk? A follow-up of 1111 patients admitted during 1980-2006 in Northern Norway. Schizophr Res. 2011;132:228-232.
6. Laursen TM, Nordentoft M, Mortensen PB. Excess early mortality in schizophrenia. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2014;10:425-448.
7. Morden NE, Lai Z, Goodrich DE, et al. Eight-year trends of cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality in patients with schizophrenia. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2012;34:368-379.
8. Nielsen RE, Uggerby AS, Jensen SO, McGrath JJ. Increasing mortality gap for patients diagnosed with schizophrenia over the last three decades-a Danish nationwide study from 1980 to 2010. Schizophr Res. 2013;146:22-27.
9. Saha S, Chant D, McGrath J. A systematic review of mortality in schizophrenia: is the differential mortality gap worsening over time? Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64:1123-1131.
10. Wahlbeck K, Westman J, Nordentoft M, Gissler M, Laursen TM. Outcomes of Nordic mental health systems: life expectancy of patients with mental disorders. Br J Psychiatry. 2011;199:453-458.
11. World Health Organization. Life Tables for WHO Member States. http://www.who.int/gho/mortality-burden-disease/life-tables/life-tables/en. Accessed June 26, 2014.
12. Dutta R, Murray RM, Allardyce J, Jones PB, Boydell JE. Mortality in first-contact psychosis patients in the U.K.: a cohort study. Psychol Med. 2012;42:1649-1661.
13. Rantanen H, Koivisto AM, Salokangas RK, et al. Five-year mortality of Finnish schizophrenia patients in the era of deinstitutionalization. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2009;44:135-142.
14. Salokangas RK, Helminen M, Koivisto AM, et al. Incidence of hospitalised schizophrenia in Finland since 1980: decreasing and increasing again. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2011;46:343-350.
15. Salokangas RK, Honkonen T, Stengard E, Koivisto AM. Mortality in chronic schizophrenia during decreasing number of psychiatric beds in Finland. Schizophr Res. 2002;54:265-275.
16. Tiihonen J, Lonnqvist J, Wahlbeck K, et al. 11-year followup of mortality in patients with schizophrenia: a populationbased cohort study (FIN11 study). Lancet. 2009;374:620-627.
17. Ezzati M, Friedman AB, Kulkarni SC, Murray CJ. The reversal of fortunes: trends in county mortality and crosscounty mortality disparities in the United States. PLoS Med. 2008;5:e66.
18. Yang CN, Noah AJ, Shoff C. Exploring geographic variation in US mortality rates using a spatial durbin approach. Popul Space Place. 2013. doi:10.1002/psp.1809.
19. Baker A, Richmond R, Haile M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a smoking cessation intervention among people with a psychotic disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163:1934-1942.
20. Hennekens CH, Hennekens AR, Hollar D, Casey DE. Schizophrenia and increased risks of cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J. 2005;150:1115-1121.
21. Marder SR, Essock SM, Miller AL, et al. Physical health monitoring of patients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:1334-1349.
22. Remington G. Schizophrenia, antipsychotics, and the metabolic syndrome: is there a silver lining? Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163:1132-1134.
23. Dickerson F, Stallings C, Origoni A, Schroeder J, Khushalani S, Yolken R. Mortality in schizophrenia: clinical and serological predictors. Schizophr Bull. 2014;40:796-803.
24. Kelly DL, McMahon RP, Wehring HJ, et al. Cigarette smoking and mortality risk in people with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2011;37:832-838.
25. Oregon Department of Human Services. Measuring Premature Mortality Among Oregonians. Salem, Oregon: Department of Human Services; 2008.
26. Schmidt LM, Hesse M, Lykke J. The impact of substance use disorders on the course of schizophrenia-a 15-year follow-up study: dual diagnosis over 15 years. Schizophr Res. 2011;130:228-233.
27. Kirkbride JB, Fearon P, Morgan C, et al. Heterogeneity in incidence rates of schizophrenia and other psychotic syndromes: findings from the 3-center AeSOP study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63:250-258.
28. Morgan C, Heslin M, Donoghue K, et al. Reappraising the long-term course and outcome of psychotic disorders: the AESOP-10 study. Psychol Med. 2014;44:2713-2726.
29. World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1992.
30. Sartorius N, Gulbinat W, Harrison G, Laska E, Siegel C. Long-term follow-up of schizophrenia in 16 countries. A description of the International Study of Schizophrenia conducted by the World Health Organization. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1996;31:249-258.
31. Morgan C, Dazzan P, Morgan K, et al.; AESOP study group. First episode psychosis and ethnicity: initial findings from the AESOP study. World Psychiatry. 2006;5:40-46.
32. Andreasen NC, Carpenter WT Jr, Kane JM, Lasser RA, Marder SR, Weinberger DR. Remission in schizophrenia: proposed criteria and rationale for consensus. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:441-449.
33. StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 12. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP; 2011.
34. Brown S, Inskip H, Barraclough B. Causes of the excess mortality of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry. 2000;177:212-217.
35. Brown S. Excess mortality of schizophrenia. A meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:502-508.
36. Osby U, Correia N, Brandt L, Ekbom A, Sparen P. Time trends in schizophrenia mortality in Stockholm county, Sweden: cohort study. BMJ. 2000;321:483-484.
37. Neeleman J. A continuum of premature death. Meta-analysis of competing mortality in the psychosocially vulnerable. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30:154-162.
38. Dutta R, Murray RM, Allardyce J, Jones PB, Boydell J. Early risk factors for suicide in an epidemiological first episode psychosis cohort. Schizophr Res. 2011;126:11-19.
39. Laursen TM, Munk-Olsen T, Nordentoft M, Mortensen PB. Increased mortality among patients admitted with major psychiatric disorders: a register-based study comparing mortality in unipolar depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68:899-907.
40. Dutta R, Murray RM, Hotopf M, Allardyce J, Jones PB, Boydell J. Reassessing the long-term risk of suicide after a first episode of psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67:1230-1237.
41. Dickerson F, Boronow J, Stallings C, Origoni A, Yolken R. Toxoplasma gondii in individuals with schizophrenia: association with clinical and demographic factors and with mortality. Schizophr Bull. 2007;33:737-740.
42. Eaton WW, Byrne M, Ewald H, et al. Association of schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: linkage of Danish national registers. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163:521-528.
43. Mitchell AJ, Malone D. Physical health and schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2006;19:432-437.
44. Hepgul N, Pariante CM, Dipasquale S, et al. Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased body mass index and increased C-reactive protein levels in first-episode psychosis patients. Psychol Med. 2012;42:1893-1901.
45. Varese F, Smeets F, Drukker M, et al. Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of patientcontrol, prospective- and cross-sectional cohort studies. Schizophr Bull. 2012;38:661-671.
46. Allison DB, Mentore JL, Heo M, et al. Antipsychoticinduced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:1686-1696.
47. Newcomer JW, Haupt DW. The metabolic effects of antipsychotic medications. Can J Psychiatry. 2006;51:480-491.
48. Weinmann S, Read J, Aderhold V. Influence of antipsychotics on mortality in schizophrenia: systematic review. Schizophr Res. 2009;113:1-11.
49. Joukamaa M, Heliovaara M, Knekt P, Aromaa A, Raitasalo R, Lehtinen V. Schizophrenia, neuroleptic medication and mortality. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;188:122-127.
50. McGorry PD, Jackson HJ. The Recognition and Management of Early Psychosis: A Preventive Approach. Leiden: Cambridge University Press; 2009.
51. Power PJ, Bell RJ, Mills R, et al. Suicide prevention in first episode psychosis: the development of a randomised controlled trial of cognitive therapy for acutely suicidal patients with early psychosis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2003;37:414-420.
52. Hunt IM, Kapur N, Windfuhr K, et al.; National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. Suicide in schizophrenia: findings from a national clinical survey. J Psychiatr Pract. 2006;12:139-147.