Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: A meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective-and cross-sectional cohort studies

Schizophrenia Bulletin

Volumn 38, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 661-671

  Varese, Filippo ^a,b   Smeets, Feikje ^c   Drukker, Marjan ^c   Lieverse, Ritsaert ^c   Lataster, Tineke ^c   Viechtbauer, Wolfgang ^c   Read, John ^e   Van Os, Jim ^c,d   Bentall, Richard P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^c MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^d KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

abuse; adversity; meta analysis; neglect; psychosis; trauma

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTRIBUTABLE RISK; BULLYING; CHILD NEGLECT; CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE; CHILDHOOD ADVERSITY; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EMOTIONAL ABUSE; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; PARENTAL DEPRIVATION; PERSONAL EXPERIENCE; PHYSICAL ABUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOSIS; PSYCHOTRAUMA; SOCIAL STATUS; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CHILD; CHILD ABUSE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ADULT SURVIVORS OF CHILD ABUSE; BULLYING; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CHILD; CHILD ABUSE; COHORT STUDIES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; HUMANS; PARENTAL DEATH; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84861647648     PISSN: 05867614     EISSN: 17451701     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbs050     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Kessler RC, McLaughlin KA, Green JG, et al. Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Br J Psychiatry. 2010;197:378-385.
2. Sarchiapone M, Carli V, Cuomo C, Marchetti M, Roy A. Association between childhood trauma and aggression in male prisoners. Psychiatry Res. 2009;165:187-192.
3. Scher CD, Forde DR, McQuaid JR, Stein MB. Prevalence and demographic correlates of childhood maltreatment in an adult community sample. Child Abuse Negl. 2004;28: 167-180. (Pubitemid 38316801)
4. Green JG, McLaughlin KA, Berglund PA, et al. Childhood adversities and adult psychiatric disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication I: associations with first onset of DSM-IV disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67:113-123.
5. Kessler RC, Davis CG, Kendler KS. Childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Psychol Med. 1997;27:1101-1119. (Pubitemid 27401833)
6. Cuijpers P, Smit F, Unger F, Stikkelbroek Y, Ten Have M, de Graaf R. The disease burden of childhood adversities in adults: a population-based study. Child Abuse Negl. 2011; 35:937-945.
7. Bendall S, Jackson HJ, Hulbert CA, McGorry PD. Childhood trauma and psychotic disorders: a systematic, critical review of the evidence. Schizophr Bull. 2008;34:568-579.
8. Morgan C, Fisher H. Environment and Schizophrenai: environmental factors in Schizophrenai: childhood trauma-a critical review. Schizophr Bull. 2007;33:3-10. (Pubitemid 46026253)
9. Read J, Fink PJ, Rudegeair T, Whitfield CL. Child maltreatment and psychosis: a return to a genuinely integrated bio-psycho-social model. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses. 2008;2:235-254.
10. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283:2008-2012. (Pubitemid 30214957)
11. Friedman S, Harrison G. Sexual histories, attitudes, and behavior of schizophrenic and "normal" women. Arch Sex Behav. 1984;13:555-567. (Pubitemid 15182471)
12. Convoy H, Weiss P, Zverina J. Sexual abuse experiences of psychiatric patients. Med Law. 1995;14:283-292.
13. Furukawa T, Mizukawa R, Hirai T, Fujihara S, Kitamura T, Takahashi K. Childhood parental loss and Schizophrenai: evidence against pathogenic but for some pathoplastic effects. Psychiatry Res. 1998;81:353-362. (Pubitemid 29049062)
14. Agid O, Shapira B, Zislin J, et al. Environment and vulnerability to major psychiatric illness: a case control study of early parental loss in major depression, bipolar disorder and Schizophrenai. Mol Psychiatry. 1999;4:163-172. (Pubitemid 29163979)
15. Dell'Erba G, Venturi P, Tallarico V. Childhood stressful experiences in familial and sporadic schizophrenic patients Italian. Italian J Psychopathol. 2003;9:32-39. (Pubitemid 36313943)
16. Giblin S, Clare L, Livingston G, Howard R. Psychosocial correlates of late-onset psychosis: life experiences, cognitive schemas, and attitudes to ageing. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004;19:611-623. (Pubitemid 38996838)
17. Fennig S, Horesh N, Aloni D, Apter A, Weizman A. Life events and suicidality in adolescents with Schizophrenai. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005;14:454-460.
18. Morgan C, Fearon P. Social experience and psychosis insights from studies of migrant and ethnic minority groups. Epidemiol Psichiatr Soc. 2007;16:118-123. (Pubitemid 47000154)
19. Weber K, Rockstroh B, Borgelt J, et al. Stress load during childhood affects psychopathology in psychiatric patients. BMC Psychiatry. 2008;8:63.
20. Rubino IA, Nanni RC, Pozzi DM, Siracusano A. Early adverse experiences in Schizophrenai and unipolar depression. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2009;197:65-68.
21. Cohen CI, Abdallah CG, Diwan S. Suicide attempts and associated factors in older adults with Schizophrenai. Schizophr Res. 2010;119:253-257.
22. Fisher HL, Jones PB, Fearon P, et al. The varying impact of type, timing and frequency of exposure to childhood adversity on its association with adult psychotic disorder. Psychol Med. 2010;40:1967-1978.
23. Husted JA, Ahmed R, Chow EW, Brzustowicz LM, Bassett AS. Childhood trauma and genetic factors in familial Schizophrenai associated with the NOS1AP gene. Schizophr Res. 2010;121:187-192.
24. Bartels-Velthuis AA, van de Willige G, Jenner JA, Wiersma D, van Os J. Auditory hallucinations in childhood: associations with adversity and delusional ideation. Psychol Med. 2011;42:1-11.
25. Evans G. Trauma and psychosis: investigating dissociation and self-concept clarity Unpublished doctoral dissertation University of Liverpool, UK; 2011.
26. Heins M, Simons C, Lataster T, et al. Childhood trauma and psychosis: a case-control and case-sibling comparison across different levels of gnetic liability, psychopathology, and type of trauma. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168:1286-1294.
27. Varese F, Barkus E, Bentall RP. Dissociation mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and hallucinationproneness. Psychol Med. 2011;1-12.
28. Daalman K, Diederen KMJ, Derks EM, van Lutterveld R, Kahn RS, Sommer IEC. Childhood trauma and auditory verbal hallucinations. Psychol Med. in press, 2012.
29. McCabe KL, Maloney EA, Stain HJ, Loughland CM, Carr VJ. Relationship between childhood adversity and clinical and cognitive features in Schizophrenai. J Psychiatr Res. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.01.023.
30. Mäkikyrö T, Sauvola A, Moring J, et al. Hospital-treated psychiatric disorders in adults with a single-parent and twoparent family background: a 28-year follow-up of the 1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort. Fam Process. 1998;37: 335-344. (Pubitemid 128457347)
31. Janssen I, Krabbendam L, Bak M, et al. Childhood abuse as a risk factor for psychotic experiences. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2004;109:38-45. (Pubitemid 38161099)
32. Spauwen J, Krabbendam L, Lieb R, Wittchen HU, van Os J. Impact of psychological trauma on the development of psychotic symptoms: relationship with psychosis proneness. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;188:527-533. (Pubitemid 43844099)
33. De Loore E, Drukker M, Gunther N, et al. Childhood negative experiences and subclinical psychosis in adolescence: a longitudinal general population study. Early Intervention in Psychiatry. 2007;1:201-1107.
34. Schreier A, Wolke D, Thomas K, et al. Prospective study of peer victimization in childhood and psychotic symptoms in a nonclinical population at age 12 years. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66:527-536.
35. Arseneault L, Cannon M, Fisher HL, Polanczyk G, Moffitt TE, Caspi A. Childhood trauma and children's emerging psychotic symptoms: a genetically sensitive longitudinal cohort study. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168:65-72.
36. Cutajar MC, Mullen PE, Ogloff JR, Thomas SD, Wells DL, Spataro J. Schizophrenai and other psychotic disorders in a cohort of sexually abused children. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67:1114-1119.
37. Wigman JTW, Van Winkel R, Raaijmakers QAW, et al. Evidence for a persistent, environment-dependent and deteriorating subtype of subclinical psychotic experiences: a 6-year longitudinal general population study. Psychol Med. 2011; 41:2317.
38. Murphy SM, Kilpatrick DG, Amick-McMullan A, et al. Current psychological functioning of child sexual assault survivors: a community study. J Interperson Viol. 1988;3:55-79.
39. Ross CA, Joshi S. Schneiderian symptoms and childhood trauma in the general population. Compr Psychiatry. 1992; 33:269-273.
40. Whitfield CL, Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Anda RF. Adverse childhood experiences and hallucinations. Child Abuse Negl. 2005;29:797-810. (Pubitemid 41033261)
41. Kim HS. Incestuous experience among Korean adolescents: prevalence, family problems, perceived family dynamics, and psychological characteristics. Public Health Nurs. 2005; 22:472-482.
42. Shevlin M, DorahyMJ, Adamson G. Trauma and psychosis: an analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:166-169. (Pubitemid 46154799)
43. Shevlin M, Houston JE, Dorahy MJ, Adamson G. Cumulative traumas and psychosis: an analysis of the national comorbidity survey and the British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Schizophr Bull. 2008;34:193-199. (Pubitemid 350262283)
44. Houston JE, Murphy J, Adamson G, Stringer M, Shevlin M. Childhood sexual abuse, early cannabis use, and psychosis: testing an interaction model based on the National Comorbidity Survey. Schizophr Bull. 2008;34:580-585.
45. Kelleher I, Harley M, Lynch F, Arseneault L, Fitzpatrick C, Cannon M. Associations between childhood trauma, bullying and psychotic symptoms among a school-based adolescent sample. Br J Psychiatry. 2008;193:378-382.
46. Nishida A, Tanii H, Nishimura Y, et al. Associations between psychotic-like experiences and mental health status and other psychopathologies among Japanese early teens. Schizophr Res. 2008;99:125-133.
47. Shevlin M, Murphy J, Read J, Mallett J, Adamson G, Houston JE. Childhood adversity and hallucinations: a community-based study using the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2010.
48. Harley M, Kelleher I, Clarke M, et al. Cannabis use and childhood trauma interact additively to increase the risk of psychotic symptoms in adolescence. Psychol Med. 2010;40:1627-1634.
49. Bebbington P, Jonas S, Kuipers E, et al. Childhood sexual abuse and psychosis: data from a cross-sectional national psychiatric survey in England. Br J Psychiatry. 2011;199:29-37.
50. van Nierop M, van Os J, Gunther N, et al. Phenotypically continuous with clinical psychosis, discontinuous in need for care: evidence for an extended psychosis phenotype. Schizophr Bull. 2011;38:231-238.
51. Golding J, Pembrey M, Jones R. ALSPAC-the Avon Longitudinal Study of parents and children. I. Study methodology. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2001;15:74-87. (Pubitemid 32155760)
52. Bosch NM, Riese H, Ormel J, Verhulst FC, Oldehinkel AJ. Stressful life events and depressive symptoms in young adolescents: modulation by respiratory sinus arrhythmia? The TRAILS study. Biol Psychol. 2009;81:40-47.
53. Bradburn MJ, Deeks JJ, Altman JJ. Metan-A command for meta-analysis in Stata. In: Sterne JAC, ed. Meta-analysis in Stata: An Updated Collection from the Stata Journal. College Station, TX: Stata Press Publications; 2009:22-47.
54. Fliess JL, Berlin JA. Effect sizes for dichotomous data. In: Cooper H, Hedhes LV, Valentine JC, eds. The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-analysis. 2nd ed. New York: Sage Russell Foundation; 2009:237-1153.
55. Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JPT, Rothstein HR. Introduction to Meta-analysis. Chichester, UK: John Wiley; 2009.
56. Zhang J, Yu KF. What's the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes. JAMA. 1998;280:1690-1691. (Pubitemid 28532993)
57. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327:557-560. (Pubitemid 37088507)
58. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629-634. (Pubitemid 27387172)
59. Duval S, Tweedie RA. A non-parametric 'trim and fill' method of accounting for publication bias in meta-analysis. J Am Stat Assoc. 2000;95:89-98.
60. Schreier A, Wolke D, Thomas K, et al. Prospective study of peer victimization in childhood and psychotic symptoms in a nonclinical population at age 12 years. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009;66:527-536.
61. Hardt J, Rutter M. Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: review of the evidence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004;45:260-273. (Pubitemid 38240273)
62. Fisher HL, Craig TK, Fearon P, et al. Reliability and comparability of psychosis patients' retrospective reports of childhood abuse. Schizophr Bull. 2011;37:546-553.
63. Janssen I, Krabbendam L, Bak M, et al. Childhood abuse as a risk factor for psychotic experiences. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2004;109:38-45. (Pubitemid 38161099)
64. Spauwen J, Krabbendam L, Lieb R, Wittchen H-U, van Os J. Impact of psychological trauma on the development of psychotic symptoms: relationship with psychosis proneness. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;188:527-533. (Pubitemid 43844099)
65. Nishida A, Tanii H, Nishimura Y, et al. Associations between psychotic-like experiences and mental health status and other psychopathologies among Japanese early teens. Schizophr Res. 2008;99:125-133.
66. Shevlin M, Houston JE, Dorahy MJ, Adamson G. Cumulative traumas and psychosis: an analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey and the British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Schizophr Bull. 2008;34:193-199. (Pubitemid 350262283)
67. Arseneault L, Cannon M, Fisher HL, et al. Psychotic symptoms: a genetically sensitive longitudinal cohort study. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;168:65-72.
68. Morgan C, Kirkbride J, Leff J, et al. Parental separation, loss and psychosis in different ethnic groups: a case-control study. Psychol Med. 2007;37:495-503. (Pubitemid 46359597)
69. De Loore E, Drukker M, Gunther N, et al. Childhood negative experiences and subclinical psychosis in adolescence: a longitudinal general population study. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2007;1:201-207.
70. Whitfield CL, Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Anda RF. Adverse childhood experiences and hallucinations. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2005;29:797-810. (Pubitemid 41033261)
71. Shevlin M, Murphy J, Houston JE, Adamson G. Childhood sexual abuse, early cannabis use, and psychosis: testing the effects of different temporal orderings based on the National Comorbidity Survey. Psychosis: Psychol, Social Integr Approach. 2009;1:19-28.
72. Houston JE, Murphy J, Adamson G, Stringer M, Shevlin M. Childhood sexual abuse, early cannabis use, and psychosis: testing an interaction model based on the National Comorbidity Survey. Schizophr Bull. 2008;34:580-585.
73. Husted JA, Ahmed R, Chow EWC, Brzustowicz LM, Bassett AS. Childhood trauma and genetic factors in familial Schizophrenai associated with the NOS1AP gene. Schizophr Res. 2010;121:187-192.
74. Habets P, Marcelis M, Gronenschild E, Drukker M, van Os J. Reduced cortical thickness as an outcome of differential sensitivity to environmental risks in Schizophrenai. Biol Psychiatry. 2011;69:487-494.
75. Read J, Bentall RP. Negative childhood experiences and mental health: theoretical, clinical and primary prevention implications. Br J Psychiatry. 2012;200:89-91.
76. Scott J, Varghese D, McGrath J. As the twig is bent, the tree inclines: adult mental health consequences of childhood adversity. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67:111-112.
77. Read J, Bentall R, Dillon J, eds. Models of Madness: Psychological, Social and Biological Approaches to Psychosis. 2nd ed. London: Routledge. in press.
78. Read J, Hammersley P, Rudegeair T. Why, when and how to ask about child abuse. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2007;13:101-110. (Pubitemid 351148930)
79. Van Os J, Kenis G, Rutten BP. The environment and Schizophrenai. Nature. 2010;468:203-212.
80. Bentall RP, Fernyhough C. Social predictors of psychotic experiences: specificity and psychological mechanisms. Schizophr Bull. 2008;34:1012-1020.