Suicide and HIV as leading causes of death among gay and bisexual men: a comparison of estimated mortality and published research

Critical Public Health

Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 513-526

  Hottes, Travis Salway ^a,b   Ferlatte, Olivier ^b,c   Gesink, Dionne ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b Executive Director   (Canada)

^c SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

gay; HIV AIDS; mortality; suicide

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DEATH; HEALTH DISPARITY; HETEROSEXUALITY; HOMOPHOBIA; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; LGBT PEOPLE; MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); MORTALITY; PUBLIC HEALTH; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR; SUICIDE; UNSAFE SEX;

EID: 84941093826     PISSN: 09581596     EISSN: 14693682     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2014.946887     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. C.Beyrer, (2014). Strategies to manage the HIV epidemic in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 27(1), 1–8.10.1097/QCO.0000000000000037
2. C.Beyrer,, S.Baral,, & F.van Griensven, (2012). Global epidemiology of HIV infection in men who have sex with men. The Lancet, 380, 367–377.10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60821-6
3. U.Boehmer, (2002). Twenty years of public health research: Inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 1125–1130.10.2105/AJPH.92.7.1125
4. D.J.Brennan,, L.E.Ross,, C.Dobinson,, S.Veldhuizen,, & L.S.Steele, (2010). Men’s sexual orientation and health in Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health – Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique, 101, 255–258.
5. A.Chandra,, W.D.Mosher,, C.Copen,, & C.Sionean, (2011). Sexual behavior, sexual attraction, and sexual identity in the United States: Data from the 2006–2008 National Survey of Family Growth. National Health Statistics Reports, 36, 1–36.
6. S.D.Cochran,, & V.M.Mays, (2007). Prevalence of primary mental health morbidity and suicide symptoms among gay and bisexual men. In R.J.Wolitski, R.Stall, & R.O.Valdisseri (Eds.), Unequal opportunity: Health disparities affecting gay and bisexual men in the United States (pp. 97–120). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
7. S.D.Cochran,, & V.M.Mays, (2011). Sexual orientation and mortality among US men aged 17 to 59 years: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. American Journal of Public Health, 101, 1133–1138.10.2105/AJPH.2010.300013
8. J.E.Egan,, V.Frye,, S.P.Kurtz,, C.Latkin,, M.Chen,, K.Tobin,, … B.A.Koblin, (2011). Migration, neighborhoods, and networks: Approaches to understanding how urban environmental conditions affect syndemic adverse health outcomes among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men. AIDS and Behavior, 15, 35–50.10.1007/s10461-011-9902-5
9. P.G.Farnham,, C.Gopalappa,, S.L.Sansom,, A.B.Hutchinson,, J.T.Brooks,, P.J.Weidle,, … D.Rimland, (2013). Updates of lifetime costs of care and quality-of-life estimates for HIV-infected persons in the United States. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 64, 183–189.10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182973966
10. O.Ferlatte,, T.S.Hottes,, T.Trussler,, & R.Marchand, (2014). Evidence of a syndemic among young canadian gay and bisexual men: Uncovering the associations between anti-gay experiences, psychosocial issues, and HIV risk. AIDS and Behavior, 18, 1256–1263.
11. P.N.Halkitis,, S.A.Kupprat,, M.B.Hampton,, R.Perez-Figueroa,, M.Kingdon,, J.A.Eddy,, & D.C.Ompad, (2012). Evidence for a syndemic in aging HIV-positive gay, bisexual, and other MSM: Implications for a holistic approach to prevention and healthcare. Annals of Anthropological Practice, 36, 365–386.
12. P.N.Halkitis,, R.W.Moeller,, D.E.Siconolfi,, E.D.Storholm,, T.M.Solomon,, & K.L.Bub, (2013). Measurement model exploring a syndemic in emerging adult gay and bisexual men. AIDS and Behavior, 17, 662–673.10.1007/s10461-012-0273-3
13. H.I.Hall,, J.Geduld,, D.Boulos,, P.Rhodes,, Q.An,, T.D.Mastro,, … C.P.Archibald, (2009). Epidemiology of HIV in the United States and Canada: Current status and ongoing challenges. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 51, S13–S20.10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181a2639e
14. M.L.Hatzenbuehler, (2009). How does sexual minority stigma ‘get under the skin’? A psychological mediation framework. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 707–730.10.1037/a0016441
15. M.L.Hatzenbuehler,, A.Bellatorre,, Y.Lee,, B.K.Finch,, P.Muennig,, & K.Fiscella, (2014). Structural stigma and all-cause mortality in sexual minority populations. Social Science and Medicine, 103, 33–41.10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.005
16. M.L.Hatzenbuehler,, J.C.Phelan,, & B.G.Link, (2013). Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities. American Journal of Public Health, 103, 813–821.10.2105/AJPH.2012.301069
17. A.L.Herrick,, S.H.Lim,, M.W.Plankey,, J.S.Chmiel,, T.E.Guadamuz,, U.Kao,, … R.Stall, (2013). Adversity and syndemic production among men participating in the multicenter AIDS cohort study: A life-course approach. American Journal of Public Health, 103, 79–85.10.2105/AJPH.2012.300810
18. D.L.Hoyert,, & J.Xu, (2012). Deaths: Preliminary data for 2011. National Vital Statistics Reports, 61, 1–52. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_06.pdf
19. Institute of Medicine. (2002). The future of the public’s health in the 21st century. Retrieved from http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10548
20. Institute of Medicine. (2011). The health of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people: Building a foundation for better understanding. Retrieved from http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2011/The-Health-of-Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual-and-Transgender-People.aspx
21. A.S.Johnson,, L.Beer,, C.Sionean,, X.Hu,, C.Furlow-Parmley,, B.Le,, … H.D.Dean, (2013). HIV infection – United States, 2008 and 2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries, 62, 112–119.
22. T.Joiner, (2007). Why people die by suicide (1st ed., p. 288). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
23. M.King,, J.Semlyen,, S.S.Tai,, H.Killaspy,, D.Osborn,, D.Popelyuk,, & I.Nazareth, (2008). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 70.10.1186/1471-244X-8-70
24. J.Kirkbride,, J.W.Coid,, C.Morgan,, P.Fearon,, P.Dazzan,, M.Yang,, … P.B.Jones, (2010). Translating the epidemiology of psychosis into public mental health: Evidence, challenges and future prospects. Journal of Public Mental Health, 9, 4–14.10.5042/jpmh.2010.0324
25. H.Klein, (2011). Using a syndemics theory approach to study HIV risk taking in a population of men who use the internet to find partners for unprotected sex. American Journal of Men’s Health, 5, 466–476.10.1177/1557988311398472
26. K.L.Knox,, Y.Conwell,, & E.D.Caine, (2004). If suicide is a public health problem, what are we doing to prevent it? American Journal of Public Health, 94, 37–45.10.2105/AJPH.94.1.37
27. N.Krieger,, D.H.Rehkopf,, J.T.Chen,, P.D.Waterman,, E.Marcelli,, & M.Kennedy, (2008). The fall and rise of US inequities in premature mortality: 1960–2002. PLoS Medicine, 5, e46.10.1371/journal.pmed.0050046
28. M.L.Levin, (1953). The occurrence of lung cancer in man. Acta – Unio Internationalis Contra Cancrum, 9, 531–541.
29. J.J.Mann,, A.Apter,, J.Bertolote,, A.Beautrais,, D.Currier,, A.Haas,, … H.Hendin, (2005). Suicide prevention strategies. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 294, 2064–2074.10.1001/jama.294.16.2064
30. M.P.Marshal,, L.J.Dietz,, M.S.Friedman,, R.Stall,, H.A.Smith,, J.McGinley,, … D.A.Brent, (2011). Suicidality and depression disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual youth: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Adolescent Health, 49, 115–123.10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.02.005
31. I.H.Meyer, (2001). Why lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender public health? American Journal of Public Health, 91, 856–859.
32. I.H.Meyer, (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations; conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 674–697.10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
33. B.Mustanski,, R.Andrews,, A.Herrick,, R.Stall,, & P.W.Schnarrs, (2014). A syndemic of psychosocial health disparities and associations with risk for attempting suicide among young sexual minority men. American Journal of Public Health, 104, 287–294.10.2105/AJPH.2013.301744
34. B.Mustanski,, R.Garofalo,, A.Herrick,, & G.Donenberg, (2007). Psychosocial health problems increase risk for HIV among urban young men who have sex with men: Preliminary evidence of a syndemic in need of attention. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 34, 37–45.10.1007/BF02879919
35. T.Navaneelan, (2012). Suicide rates: An overview. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-624-x/2012001/article/11696-eng.htm
36. M.K.Nock,, G.Borges,, E.J.Bromet,, C.B.Cha,, R.C.Kessler,, & S.Lee, (2008). Suicide and suicidal behavior. Epidemiologic Reviews, 30, 133–154.10.1093/epirev/mxn002
37. B.Pakula,, & J.A.Shoveller, (2013). Sexual orientation and self-reported mood disorder diagnosis among Canadian adults. BMC Public Health, 13, 209.10.1186/1471-2458-13-209
38. J.L.Parai,, N.Kreiger,, G.Tomlinson,, & E.M.Adlaf, (2006). The validity of the certification of manner of death by Ontario coroners. Annals of Epidemiology, 16, 805–811.10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.01.006
39. J.T.Parsons,, C.Grov,, & S.A.Golub, (2012). Sexual compulsivity, co-occurring psychosocial health problems, and HIV risk among gay and bisexual men: Further evidence of a syndemic. American Journal of Public Health, 102, 156–162.10.2105/AJPH.2011.300284
40. M.Plöderl,, E.-J.Wagenmakers,, P.Tremblay,, R.Ramsay,, K.Kralovec,, C.Fartacek,, & R.Fartacek, (2013). Suicide risk and sexual orientation: A critical review. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42, 715–727.10.1007/s10508-012-0056-y
41. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010). Core competency statements – Public health practice. Retrieved from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/php-psp/ccph-cesp/stmts-enon-eng.php#a2
42. Public Health Agency of Canada. (2012). Summary: Estimates of HIV prevalence and incidence in Canada, 2011. Retrieved from http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/aids-sida/publication/survreport/estimat2011-eng.php
43. D.W.Purcell,, C.H.Johnson,, A.Lansky,, J.Prejean,, R.Stein,, P.Denning,, … N.Crepaz, (2012). Estimating the population size of men who have sex with men in the United States to obtain HIV and syphilis rates. The Open AIDS Journal, 6, 98–107.10.2174/1874613601206010098
44. G.Remafedi, (1999). Suicide and sexual orientation. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 885.10.1001/archpsyc.56.10.885
45. A.E.Rhodes,, S.Khan,, M.H.Boyle,, C.Wekerle,, D.Goodman,, L.Tonmyr,, … I.Manion, (2012). Sex differences in suicides among children and youth: The potential impact of misclassification. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 103, 213–217.
46. B.Rockhill,, B.Newman,, & C.Weinberg, (1998). Use and misuse of population attributable fractions. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 15–19.10.2105/AJPH.88.1.15
47. S.T.Russell,, & R.B.Toomey, (2012). Men’s sexual orientation and suicide: Evidence for U.S. adolescent-specific risk. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 74, 523–529.
48. E.M.Saewyc, (2007). Contested conclusions: Claims that can (and cannot) be made from the current research on gay, lesbian, and bisexual teen suicide attempts. Journal of LGBT Health Research, 3, 79–87.10.1300/J463v03n01_09
49. R.C.Savin-Williams, (2001). Suicide attempts among sexual-minority youths: Population and measurement issues. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 983–991.10.1037/0022-006X.69.6.983
50. P.J.Smit,, M.Brady,, M.Carter,, R.Fernandes,, L.Lamore,, M.Meulbroek,, … M.Thompson, (2012). HIV-related stigma within communities of gay men: A literature review. AIDS Care, 24, 405–412.
51. R.Stall,, M.Friedman,, & J.A.Catania, (2007). Interacting epidemics and gay men’s health: A theory of syndemic production among urban gay men. In R.J.Wolitski, R.Stall, & R.O.Valdisseri (Eds.), Unequal opportunity: Health disparities affecting gay and bisexual men in the United States (pp. 251–274). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195301533.001.0001
52. R.Stall,, T.C.Mills,, J.Williamson,, T.Hart,, G.Greenwood,, J.Paul,, … J.A.Catania, (2003). Association of co-occurring psychosocial health problems and increased vulnerability to HIV/AIDS among urban men who have sex with men. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 939–942.10.2105/AJPH.93.6.939
53. Statistics Canada. (2013). Statistics Canada (CANSIM). Vital Statistics – Death Database. Adaptation of these data does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product. Retrieved January 28, 2014, from http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=3233&Item_Id=144261&lang=en
54. B.Stringer,, B.van Meijel,, M.Eikelenboom,, B.Koekkoek,, P.F.M.Verhaak,, A.J.M.F.Kerkhof,, … A.T.F.Beekman, (2013). Perceived need for care and health care utilization among depressed and anxious patients with and without suicidal ideation. Crisis, 34, 192–199.
55. G.Trapence,, C.Collins,, S.Avrett,, R.Carr,, H.Sanchez,, G.Ayala,, … S.D.Baral, (2012). From personal survival to public health: Community leadership by men who have sex with men in the response to HIV. The Lancet, 380, 400–410.10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60834-4
56. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1991). Mortality attributable to HIV infection/AIDS–United States, 1981–1990. MMWR – Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 40, 41–44.
57. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Suicide statistics. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/statistics/aag.html
58. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). The 10 essential public health services. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nphpsp/essentialservices.html
59. M.Q.Vu,, R.W.Steketee,, L.Valleroy,, H.Weinstock,, J.Karon,, & R.Janssen, (2002). HIV incidence in the United States, 1978–1999. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999), 31, 188–201.
60. J.Weber,, R.Tatoud,, & S.Fidler, (2010). Postexposure prophylaxis, preexposure prophylaxis or universal test and treat: The strategic use of antiretroviral drugs to prevent HIV acquisition and transmission. AIDS, 24, S27–S39.10.1097/01.aids.0000390705.73759.2c