Translating the epidemiology of psychosis into public mental health: Evidence, challenges and future prospects

Journal of Public Mental Health

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 4-14

  Kirkbride, James ^a   Coid, Jeremy W ^b   Morgan, Craig ^c   Fearon, Paul ^c   Dazzan, Paola ^c   Yang, Min ^b   Lloyd, Tuhina ^d   Harrison, Glynn L ^e   Murray, Robin M ^c   Jones, Peter B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b ST BARTHOLOMEW S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Ethnicity; Psychotic illness; Public health; Schizophrenia; Urbanicity

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952130605     PISSN: 17465729     EISSN: 20428731     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5042/jpmh.2010.0324     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Allardyce J, Gilmour H, Atkinson J, Rapson T, Bishop J & McCreadie RG (2005) Social fragmentation, deprivation and urbanicity: relation to first-admission rates for psychoses. British Journal of Psychiatry 187 (5) 401-406.
2. Allardyce J & Boydell J (2006) Environment and schizophrenia: review: the wider social environment and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 32 (4) 592-598.
3. Boydell J, van Os J, McKenzie K, Allardyce J, Goel R, McCreadie RG & Murray RM (2001) Incidence of schizophrenia in ethnic minorities in London: ecological study into interactions with environment. British Medical Journal 323 (7325) 1336-1338.
4. Cantor-Graae E & Selten JP (2005) Schizophrenia and migration: a meta-analysis and review. American Journal of Psychiatry 162 (1) 12-24.
5. Cardno AG, Marshall EJ, Coid B, Macdonald AM, Ribchester TR, Davies NJ, Venturi P, Jones LA, Lewis SW, Sham PC, Gottesman II, Farmer AE, McGuffin P, Reveley AM & Murray RM (1999) Heritability estimates for psychotic disorders: the Maudsley twin psychosis series. Archives of General Psychiatry 56 (2)162-168.
6. Coid JW, Kirkbride JB, Barker D, Cowen F, Stamps R, Yang M & Jones PB (2008) Raised incidence rates of all psychoses among migrant groups: findings from the East London first episode psychosis study. Archives of General Psychology 65 (11) 1250-1258.
7. Cooper C, Field J, Goswami U, Jenkins R & Sahakian BJ (2010) Mental Capital and Wellbeing. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
8. Craddock N, O'Donovan MC & Owen MJ (2009) Psychosis genetics: modeling the relationship between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and mixed (or 'schizoaffective') psychoses. Schizophrenia Bulletin 35 (3) 482-490.
9. European Network of Schizophrenia Networks for the Study of Gene-Environment Interactions (2008) Schizophrenia aetiology: do gene-environment interactions hold the key? Schizophrenia Research 102 (1-3) 21-26.
10. Fearon P, Kirkbride JB, Morgan C, Dazzan P, Morgan K, Lloyd T, Hutchinson G, Tarrant J, Fung WL, Holloway J, Mallett R, Harrison G, Leff J, Jones PB, Murray RM & AESOP Study Group (2006) Incidence of schizophrenia and other psychoses in ethnic minority groups: results from the MRC AESOP Study. Psychological Medicine 36 (11) 1541-1550.
11. Freeman D (2008) Studying and treating schizophrenia using virtual reality: a new paradigm. Schizophrenia Bulletin 34 (4) 605-610.
12. Greenland S & Drescher K (1993) Maximum likelihood estimation of the attributable fraction from logistic models. Biometrics 49 (3) 865-872.
13. Harrison G, Fouskakis D, Rasmussen F, Tynelius P, Sipos A & Gunnell D (2003) Association between psychotic disorder and urban place of birth is not mediated by obstetric complications or childhood socio-economic position: a cohort study. Psychological Medicine 33 (4) 723-731.
14. Harrison G, Glazebrook C, Brewin J, Cantwell R, Dalkin T, Fox R, Jones P & Medley I (1997) Increased incidence of psychotic disorders in migrants from the Caribbean to the United Kingdom. Psychological Medicine 27 (4) 799-806.
15. Hickman M, Vickerman P, Macleod J, Lewis G, Zammit S, Kirkbride J & Jones P (2009) If cannabis caused schizophrenia - how many cannabis users may need to be prevented in order to prevent one case of schizophrenia? England and Wales calculations. Addiction 104 (11) 1856-1861.
16. International Schizophrenia Consortium (2008) Rare chromosomal deletions and duplications increase risk of schizophrenia. Nature 455 (7210) 237-241.
17. International Schizophrenia Consortium, Purcell SM, Wray NR, Stone JL, Visscher PM, O'Donovan MC, Sullivan PF & Sklar P (2009) Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Nature 460 (7256) 748-752.
18. Jablensky A, Sartorius N, Ernberg G, Anker M, Korten A, Cooper JE, Day R & Bertelsen A (1992) Schizophrenia: manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures. A World Health Organization tencountry study. Psychological Medicine Monograph Supplement 20 1-97.
19. Kirkbride JB, Fearon P, Morgan C, Dazzan P, Morgan K, Tarrant J, Lloyd T, Holloway J, Hutchinson G, Leff JP, Mallett RM, Harrison GL, Murray RM & Jones PB (2006) Heterogeneity in incidence rates of schizophrenia and other psychotic syndromes: findings from the 3-center ÆSOP study. Archives of General Psychiatry 63 (3) 250-258.
20. Kirkbride JB, Coid JW, Barker D, Cowden F, Stamps R, Yang M, Jones PB & Coid JW (2008a) Psychoses, ethnicity and socio-economic status. British Journal of Psychiatry 193 (1) 18-24.
21. Kirkbride J, Boydell J, Ploubidis G, Morgan C, Dazzan P, McKenzie K, Murray RM & Jones PB (2008b) Testing the association between the incidence of schizophrenia and social capital in an urban area. Psychological Medicine 38 (8) 1083-1094.
22. Kirkbride JB, Fearon P, Morgan C, Dazzan P, Morgan K, Murray RM & Jones PB (2007) Neighbourhood variation in the incidence of psychotic disorders in Southeast London. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 42 (6) 438-445.
23. Lewis G, David A, Andréasson S & Allebeck P (1992) Schizophrenia and city life. The Lancet 340 (8812) 137-140.
24. Lichtenstein P, Yip BH, Björk C, Pawitan Y, Cannon TD, Sullivan PF & Hultman CM (2009) Common genetic determinants of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Swedish families: a populationbased study. The Lancet 373 (9659) 234-239.
25. Marcelis M, Navarro-Mateu F, Murray R, Selten JP & van Os J (1998) Urbanization and psychosis: a study of 1942-1978 birth cohorts in The Netherlands. Psychological Medicine 28 (4) 871-879.
26. McGrath JJ & Selten JP (2008) Mental health: don't overlook environment and its risk factors. Nature 454 (7206) 824-824.
27. McGrath J (2008) Dissecting the heterogeneity of schizophrenia outcomes. Schizophrenia Bulletin 34 (2) 247-248.
28. McGrath JJ & Richards LJ (2009) Why schizophrenia epidemiology needs neurobiology and vice versa. Schizophrenia Bulletin 35 (3) 577-581.
29. Mittal VA, Ellman LM & Cannon TD (2008) Gene-environment interaction and covariation in schizophrenia: the role of obstetric complications. Schizophrenia Bulletin 34 (6) 1083-1094.
30. Morgan C, Kirkbride J, Hutchinson G, Craig T, Morgan K, Dazzan P, Boydell J, Doody GA, Jones PB, Murray RM, Leff J & Fearon P (2008) Cumulative social disadvantage, ethnicity and first-episode psychosis: a case-control study. Psychological Medicine 38 (12) 1701-1715.
31. Morgan C, Kirkbride JB, Leff J, Craig T, Hutchinson G, McKenzie K, Morgan K, Dazzan P, Doody GA, Jones P, Murray R & Fearon P (2007) Parental separation, loss and psychosis in different ethnic groups: a case-control study. Psychological Medicine 37 (4) 495-503.
32. Morgan C & Hutchinson G (2009) The social determinants of psychosis in migrant and ethnic minority populations: a public health tragedy. Psychological Medicine 40 705-709.
33. Mortensen PB, Pedersen CB, Westergaard T, Wohlfahrt J, Ewald H, Mors O, Andersen PK & Melbye M (1999) Effects of family history and place and season of birth on the risk of schizophrenia. New England Journal of Medicine 340 (8) 603-608.
34. Murphy KC, Jones LA & Owen MJ (1999) High rates of schizophrenia in adults with velo-cardio-facial syndrome. Archives of General Psychiatry 56 (10) 940-945.
35. O'Donovan M, Craddock N & Owen M (2009) Genetics of psychosis; insights from views across the genome. Human Genetics 126 (1) 3-12.
36. Office for National Statistics (2003) Census 2001. London: Office for National Statistics.
37. Office for National Statistics (2005) The National Statistics Socioeconomic Classification: User manual. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
38. Pedersen CB & Mortensen PB (2006) Urbanicity during upbringing and bipolar affective disorders in Denmark. Bipolar Disorders 8 (3) 242-247.
39. Rockhill B, Newman B & Weinberg C (1998) Use and misuse of population attributable fractions. American Journal of Public Health 88 (1) 15-19.
40. Scully PJ, Owens JM, Kinsella A & Waddington JL (2004) Schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar disorder within an epidemiologically complete, homogeneous population in rural Ireland: small area variation in rate. Schizophrenia Research 67 (2-3) 143-155.
41. Tsankova N, Renthal W, Kumar A & Nestler EJ (2007) Epigenetic regulation in psychiatric disorders. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 8 (5) 355-367.
42. van Os J, Rutten BPF & Poulton R (2008) Gene-environment interactions in schizophrenia: review of epidemiological findings and future directions. Schizophrenia Bulletin 34 (6) 1066-1082.
43. van Os J & Rutten BPF (2009) Gene-environment-wide interaction studies in psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry 166 (9) 964-966.
44. Veling W, Selten JP, Veen N, Laan W, Blom JD & Hoek HW (2006) Incidence of schizophrenia among ethnic minorities in the Netherlands: A four-year first-contact study. Schizophrenia Research 86 (1-3) 189-193.
45. Veling W, Selten JP, Susser E, Laan W, Mackenbach JP & Hoek HW (2007) Discrimination and the incidence of psychotic disorders among ethnic minorities in The Netherlands. International Journal of Epidemiology 36 (4) 761-768.
46. Veling W, Susser E, van Os J, Mackenbach JP, Selten JP & Hoek HW (2008) Ethnic density of neighborhoods and incidence of psychotic disorders among immigrants. American Journal of Psychiatry 165 (1) 66-73.
47. Werner S, Malaspina D & Rabinowitz J (2007) Socioeconomic status at birth is associated with risk of schizophrenia: population-based multilevel study. Schizophenia Bulletin 33 (6) 1373-1378.
48. World Health Organization (2007) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10). Geneva: World Health Organization.