메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 61, Issue 227, 2015, Pages 585-594

Differentiating bubble-free layers from Melt layers in ice cores using noble gases

Author keywords

Ice and climate; Ice core; Meltwater chemistry; Polar firn; Surface melt

Indexed keywords

BUBBLE; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CLIMATE CHANGE; FIRN; ICE CAP; ICE CORE; MELTWATER; NOBLE GAS;

EID: 84940367216     PISSN: 00221430     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3189/2015JoG14J237     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 57049108134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CO2 diffusion in polar ice: Observations from naturally formed CO2 spikes in the Siple Dome (Antarctica) ice core
    • Ahn J, Headly M, Wahlen M, Brook EJ, Mayewski PA and Taylor KC (2008) CO2 diffusion in polar ice: observations from naturally formed CO2 spikes in the Siple Dome (Antarctica) ice core. J. Glaciol., 54(187), 685-695 (doi: 10.3189/002214308786570764)
    • (2008) J. Glaciol. , vol.54 , Issue.187 , pp. 685-695
    • Ahn, J.1    Headly, M.2    Wahlen, M.3    Brook, E.J.4    Mayewski, P.A.5    Taylor, K.C.6
  • 2
    • 69549108758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high-precision method for measurement of paleoatmospheric CO2 in small polar ice samples
    • Ahn J, Brook EJ and Howell K (2009) A high-precision method for measurement of paleoatmospheric CO2 in small polar ice samples. J. Glaciol., 55(191), 499-506 (doi: 10.3189/002214309788816731)
    • (2009) J. Glaciol. , vol.55 , Issue.191 , pp. 499-506
    • Ahn, J.1    Brook, E.J.2    Howell, K.3
  • 3
    • 84861709863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric CO2 over the last 1000 years: A high-resolution record from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core
    • Ahn J and et al (2012) Atmospheric CO2 over the last 1000 years: a high-resolution record from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 26(2), GB2027 (doi: 10.1029/2011GB004247)
    • (2012) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. GB2027
    • Ahn, J.1
  • 4
    • 0034736504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice layer and surface crust permeability in a seasonal snowpack
    • Albert MR and Perron F (2000) Ice layer and surface crust permeability in a seasonal snowpack. Hydrol. Process., 14(18), 3207-3214 (doi: 10.1002/1099-1085 (20001230) 14:183.0. CO;2-C)
    • (2000) Hydrol. Process. , vol.14 , Issue.18 , pp. 3207-3214
    • Albert, M.R.1    Perron, F.2
  • 5
    • 0036283444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow and firn properties and air-snow transport processes at Summit, Greenland
    • Albert MR and Shultz E (2002) Snow and firn properties and air-snow transport processes at Summit, Greenland. Atmos. Environ., 36, 2789-2797 (doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310 (02) 00119-X)
    • (2002) Atmos. Environ. , vol.36 , pp. 2789-2797
    • Albert, M.R.1    Shultz, E.2
  • 6
    • 23844515738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme firn metamorphism: Impact of decades of vapor transport on near-surface firn at a low-accumulation glazed site on the East Antarctic plateau
    • Albert M, Shuman C, Courville Z, Bauer R, Fahnestock M and Scambos T (2004) Extreme firn metamorphism: impact of decades of vapor transport on near-surface firn at a low-accumulation glazed site on the East Antarctic plateau. Ann. Glaciol., 39(1), 73-78 (doi: 10.3189/172756404781814041)
    • (2004) Ann. Glaciol. , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-78
    • Albert, M.1    Shuman, C.2    Courville, Z.3    Bauer, R.4    Fahnestock, M.5    Scambos, T.6
  • 7
    • 0024257429 scopus 로고
    • Concerning the deposition and diagenesis of strata in polar firn
    • Alley RB (1988) Concerning the deposition and diagenesis of strata in polar firn. J. Glaciol., 34(118), 283-290
    • (1988) J. Glaciol. , vol.34 , Issue.118 , pp. 283-290
    • Alley, R.B.1
  • 8
    • 0029501787 scopus 로고
    • Variations in melt-layer frequency in the GISP2 ice core: Implications for Holocene summer temperatures in central Greenland
    • Alley RB and Anandakrishnan S (1995) Variations in melt-layer frequency in the GISP2 ice core: implications for Holocene summer temperatures in central Greenland. Ann. Glaciol., 21, 67-70
    • (1995) Ann. Glaciol. , vol.21 , pp. 67-70
    • Alley, R.B.1    Anandakrishnan, S.2
  • 9
    • 79959285442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chironomids record terrestrial temperature changes throughout Arctic interglacials of the past 200, 000 yr
    • Axford Y, Briner JP, Francis DR, Miller GH, Walker IR and Wolfe AP (2011) Chironomids record terrestrial temperature changes throughout Arctic interglacials of the past 200, 000 yr. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 123(7-8), 1275-1287 (doi: 10.1130/B30329.1)
    • (2011) Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. , vol.123 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 1275-1287
    • Axford, Y.1    Briner, J.P.2    Francis, D.R.3    Miller, G.H.4    Walker, I.R.5    Wolfe, A.P.6
  • 10
    • 80755180899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controls on the movement and composition of firn air at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide
    • Battle MO and et al (2011) Controls on the movement and composition of firn air at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11(21), 11007-11 021 (doi: 10.5194/acp-11-11007-2011)
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , Issue.21 , pp. 11007-11021
    • Battle, M.O.1
  • 11
    • 3743114713 scopus 로고
    • On the concentrations of O2, N2, and Ar in trapped gases from ice cores. J
    • Bender ML, Sowers T and Lipenkov V (1995) On the concentrations of O2, N2, and Ar in trapped gases from ice cores. J. Geophys. Res., 100(D9), 18651-18 660 (doi: 10.1029/94JD02212)
    • (1995) Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , Issue.9 , pp. 18651-18660
    • Bender, M.L.1    Sowers, T.2    Lipenkov, V.3
  • 12
    • 84865166129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenland ice sheet albedo feedback: Thermodynamics and atmospheric drivers
    • Box JE, Fettweis X, Stroeve JC, Tedesco M, Hall DK and Steffen K (2012) Greenland ice sheet albedo feedback: thermodynamics and atmospheric drivers. Cryosphere, 6(4), 821-839 (doi: 10.5194/tc-6-821-2012)
    • (2012) Cryosphere , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 821-839
    • Box, J.E.1    Fettweis, X.2    Stroeve, J.C.3    Tedesco, M.4    Hall, D.K.5    Steffen, K.6
  • 13
    • 84940375082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The WAIS-Divide deep ice core WD2014 chronology - Part 2: Methane synchronization (68-31 ka BP) and the gas age-ice age difference
    • Buizert C and et al (2014) The WAIS-Divide deep ice core WD2014 chronology - Part 2: Methane synchronization (68-31 ka BP) and the gas age-ice age difference. Climate Past Discuss., 10(4), 3537-3584
    • (2014) Climate Past Discuss. , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 3537-3584
    • Buizert, C.1
  • 14
    • 77956639412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple approaches to estimating air-water gas exchange in small lakes
    • Cole, JJ, Bade DL, Bastviken D, Pace ML and Van De Bogert M (2010) Multiple approaches to estimating air-water gas exchange in small lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr., 8, 285-293 (doi: 10.4319/lom.2010.8.285)
    • (2010) Limnol. Oceanogr. , vol.8 , pp. 285-293
    • Cole, J.J.1    Bade, D.L.2    Bastviken, D.3    Pace, M.L.4    Van De Bogert, M.5
  • 15
    • 0029752571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gravitational enrichment of 84Kr/36Ar ratios in polar ice caps: A measure of firn thickness and accumulation temperature
    • Craig H and Wiens RC (1996) Gravitational enrichment of 84Kr/36Ar ratios in polar ice caps: a measure of firn thickness and accumulation temperature. Science, 271(5256), 1708-1710 (doi: 10.1126/science.271.5256.1708)
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , Issue.5256 , pp. 1708-1710
    • Craig, H.1    Wiens, R.C.2
  • 16
    • 0024193626 scopus 로고
    • Gravitational separation of gases and isotopes in polar ice caps
    • Craig H, Horibe Y and Sowers T (1988) Gravitational separation of gases and isotopes in polar ice caps. Science, 242(4886), 1675-1678
    • (1988) Science , vol.242 , Issue.4886 , pp. 1675-1678
    • Craig, H.1    Horibe, Y.2    Sowers, T.3
  • 17
    • 0022554569 scopus 로고
    • Palaeotemperatures still exist in the Greenland ice sheet
    • Dahl-Jensen D and Johnsen SJ (1986) Palaeotemperatures still exist in the Greenland ice sheet. Nature, 320(6059), 250-252 (doi: 10.1038/320250a0)
    • (1986) Nature , vol.320 , Issue.6059 , pp. 250-252
    • Dahl-Jensen, D.1    Johnsen, S.J.2
  • 18
    • 28844491068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization and formation of melt layers in polar snow: Observations and experiments from West Antarctica
    • Das S and Alley RB (2005) Characterization and formation of melt layers in polar snow: observations and experiments from West Antarctica. J. Glaciol., 51(173), 307-313 (doi: 10.3189/172756505781829395)
    • (2005) J. Glaciol. , vol.51 , Issue.173 , pp. 307-313
    • Das, S.1    Alley, R.B.2
  • 19
    • 41649098510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rise in frequency of surface melting at Siple Dome through the Holocene: Evidence for increasing marine influence on the climate of West Antarctica
    • Das S and Alley RB (2008) Rise in frequency of surface melting at Siple Dome through the Holocene: evidence for increasing marine influence on the climate of West Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res., 113(D2), D02112 (doi: 10.1029/2007JD008790)
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113 , Issue.2 , pp. D02112
    • Das, S.1    Alley, R.B.2
  • 21
    • 84926625867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical properties of the WAIS Divide ice core
    • Fitzpatrick JJ and et al (2014) Physical properties of the WAIS Divide ice core. J. Glaciol., 60(224), 1181-1198 (doi: 10.3189/2014JoG14J100)
    • (2014) J. Glaciol. , vol.60 , Issue.224 , pp. 1181-1198
    • Fitzpatrick, J.J.1
  • 22
    • 84893325926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extensive liquid meltwater storage in firn within the Greenland ice sheet
    • Forster RR and et al (2014) Extensive liquid meltwater storage in firn within the Greenland ice sheet. Nature Geosci., 7(2), 95-98 (doi: 10.1038/ngeo2043)
    • (2014) Nature Geosci. , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 95-98
    • Forster, R.R.1
  • 23
    • 33744543846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interglacial and Holocene temperature reconstructions based on midge remains in sediments of two lakes from Baffin Island, Nunavut, Arctic Canada
    • Francis DR, Wolfe AP, Walker IR and Miller GF (2006) Interglacial and Holocene temperature reconstructions based on midge remains in sediments of two lakes from Baffin Island, Nunavut, Arctic Canada. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 236, 107-124 (doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.01.005)
    • (2006) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. , vol.236 , pp. 107-124
    • Francis, D.R.1    Wolfe, A.P.2    Walker, I.R.3    Miller, G.F.4
  • 24
    • 0020436493 scopus 로고
    • The role of sublimation and condensation in the formation of ice sheet surface at Mizuho Station, Antarctica
    • Fujii Y and Kusunoki K (1982) The role of sublimation and condensation in the formation of ice sheet surface at Mizuho Station, Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res., 87(C6), 4293-4300 (doi: 10.1029/JC087iC06p04293)
    • (1982) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.87 , Issue.6 , pp. 4293-4300
    • Fujii, Y.1    Kusunoki, K.2
  • 25
    • 84879959690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in the surface temperature and melt extent of the Greenland ice sheet from MODIS
    • Hall DK, Comiso JC, Di Girolamo NE, Shuman CA, Box JE and Koenig LS (2013) Variability in the surface temperature and melt extent of the Greenland ice sheet from MODIS. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(10), 2114-2120 (doi: 10.1002/grl.50240)
    • (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.40 , Issue.10 , pp. 2114-2120
    • Hall, D.K.1    Comiso, J.C.2    Di Girolamo, N.E.3    Shuman, C.A.4    Box, J.E.5    Koenig, L.S.6
  • 26
    • 5644244540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The solubility of neon, nitrogen and argon in distilled water and seawater
    • Hamme RC and Emerson SR (2004) The solubility of neon, nitrogen and argon in distilled water and seawater. Deep Sea Res. I, 51(11), 1517-1528 (doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.06.009)
    • (2004) Deep Sea Res. I , vol.51 , Issue.11 , pp. 1517-1528
    • Hamme, R.C.1    Emerson, S.R.2
  • 27
    • 84868618693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenland ice-sheet contribution to sea-level rise buffered by meltwater storage in firn
    • Harper J, Humphrey N, Pfeffer WT, Brown J and Fettweis X (2012) Greenland ice-sheet contribution to sea-level rise buffered by meltwater storage in firn. Nature, 491(7423), 240-243 (doi: 10.1038/nature11566)
    • (2012) Nature , vol.491 , Issue.7423 , pp. 240-243
    • Harper, J.1    Humphrey, N.2    Pfeffer, W.T.3    Brown, J.4    Fettweis, X.5
  • 28
    • 36849048875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method to measure Kr/N2 ratios in air bubbles trapped in ice cores, and its application in reconstructing past mean ocean temperature
    • Headly MA and Severinghaus JP (2007) A method to measure Kr/N2 ratios in air bubbles trapped in ice cores, and its application in reconstructing past mean ocean temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 112(D19), D19105 (doi: 10.1029/2006JD008317)
    • (2007) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.112 , Issue.19 , pp. D19105
    • Headly, M.A.1    Severinghaus, J.P.2
  • 29
    • 0019711201 scopus 로고
    • Climatic signal of ice melt features in Southern Greenland
    • Herron, MM, Herron SL and Langway CC Jr (1981) Climatic signal of ice melt features in Southern Greenland. Nature, 293(5831), 389-391 (doi: 10.1038/293389a0)
    • (1981) Nature , vol.293 , Issue.5831 , pp. 389-391
    • Herron, M.M.1    Herron, S.L.2    Langway, C.C.3
  • 30
    • 77950287294 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the diffusion coefficients of sparingly soluble gases in water
    • Jähne B, Heinz G and Dietrich W (1987) Measurement of the diffusion coefficients of sparingly soluble gases in water. J. Geophys. Res., 92(C10), 10767-10 776 (10.1029/JC092iC10p10767)
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , Issue.10 , pp. 10767-10776
    • Jähne, B.1    Heinz, G.2    Dietrich, W.3
  • 31
    • 0029500964 scopus 로고
    • Melt features in ice cores from Site J, southern Greenland: Some implications for summer climate since AD 1550
    • Kameda T, Narita H, Shoji H, Nishio F, Fujii Y and Wanatabe O (1995) Melt features in ice cores from Site J, southern Greenland: some implications for summer climate since AD 1550. Ann. Glaciol., 21, 51-58
    • (1995) Ann. Glaciol. , vol.21 , pp. 51-58
    • Kameda, T.1    Narita, H.2    Shoji, H.3    Nishio, F.4    Fujii, Y.5    Wanatabe, O.6
  • 32
    • 84907549723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of ice layers on gas transport through firn at the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) site, Greenland
    • Keegan K, Albert MR and Baker I (2014) The impact of ice layers on gas transport through firn at the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) site, Greenland. Cryosphere, 8(5), 1801-1806 (doi: 10.5194/tc-8-1801-2014)
    • (2014) Cryosphere , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 1801-1806
    • Keegan, K.1    Albert, M.R.2    Baker, I.3
  • 33
    • 28844471504 scopus 로고
    • Past temperature record from the analysis of melt features in the Dye 3, Greenland, Ice Core
    • Langway CC Jr and Shoji H (1990) Past temperature record from the analysis of melt features in the Dye 3, Greenland, Ice Core. Ann. Glaciol., 14, 343-344
    • (1990) Ann. Glaciol. , vol.14 , pp. 343-344
    • Langway, C.C.1    Shoji, H.2
  • 34
    • 84881190310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multi model assessment of last interglacial temperatures
    • Lunt DJ and et al (2012) A multi model assessment of last interglacial temperatures. Climate Past, 8, 3657-3691 (doi: 10.5194/cp-9-699-2013)
    • (2012) Climate Past , vol.8 , pp. 3657-3691
    • Lunt, D.J.1
  • 35
    • 72949117657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into the origin and evolution of Lake Vida, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica - A noble gas study in ice and brines. Earth Planet
    • Malone JL, Castro M, Hall CM, Doran PT, Kenig F and McKay CP (2010) New insights into the origin and evolution of Lake Vida, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica - a noble gas study in ice and brines. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 289(1), 112-122 (doi: 10.1016/j. epsl.2009.10.034)
    • (2010) Sci. Lett. , vol.289 , Issue.1 , pp. 112-122
    • Malone, J.L.1    Castro, M.2    Hall, C.M.3    Doran, P.T.4    Kenig, F.5    McKay, C.P.6
  • 36
    • 84908399541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centennial-scale changes in the global carbon cycle during the last deglaciation
    • Marcott SA and et al (2014) Centennial-scale changes in the global carbon cycle during the last deglaciation. Nature, 514(7524), 616-619 (doi: 10.1038/nature13799)
    • (2014) Nature , vol.514 , Issue.7524 , pp. 616-619
    • Marcott, S.A.1
  • 37
    • 79955512420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the present and last interglacial periods in six Antarctic ice cores
    • Masson-Delmotte V and et al (2011). A comparison of the present and last interglacial periods in six Antarctic ice cores. Climate Past, 7(2), 397-423 (doi: 10.5194/cp-7-397-2011)
    • (2011) Climate Past , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 397-423
    • Masson-Delmotte, V.1
  • 38
    • 84879909119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent warming at Summit, Greenland: Global context and implications
    • McGrath D, Colgan W, Bayou N, Muto A and Steffen K (2013) Recent warming at Summit, Greenland: global context and implications. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40(10), 2091-2096 (doi: 10.1002/grl.50456)
    • (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.40 , Issue.10 , pp. 2091-2096
    • McGrath, D.1    Colgan, W.2    Bayou, N.3    Muto, A.4    Steffen, K.5
  • 39
    • 0000782770 scopus 로고
    • Clathrate hydrates of air in Antarctic ice
    • Miller SL (1969) Clathrate hydrates of air in Antarctic ice. Science, 165(3892), 489-490 (doi: 10.1126/science.165.3892.489)
    • (1969) Science , vol.165 , Issue.3892 , pp. 489-490
    • Miller, S.L.1
  • 41
    • 84872976669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core
    • NEEM community members (2013) Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core. Nature, 493(7433), 489-494 (doi: 10.1038/nature11789)
    • (2013) Nature , vol.493 , Issue.7433 , pp. 489-494
    • NEEM community members1
  • 42
    • 84868326493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The extreme melt across the Greenland ice sheet in 2012
    • Nghiem SV and et al (2012) The extreme melt across the Greenland ice sheet in 2012. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39(20), L20502 (doi: 10.1029/2012GL053611)
    • (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.39 , Issue.20 , pp. L20502
    • Nghiem, S.V.1
  • 43
    • 84872710382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constraining ventilation during deepwater formation using deep ocean measurements of the dissolved gas ratios 40Ar/36Ar, N2/Ar, and Kr/Ar
    • Nicholson D, Emerson S, Caillon N, Jouzel J and Hamme RC (2010) Constraining ventilation during deepwater formation using deep ocean measurements of the dissolved gas ratios 40Ar/36Ar, N2/Ar, and Kr/Ar. J. Geophys. Res.: Oceans, 115(C11), C11015 (doi: 10.1029/2010JC006152)
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res.: Oceans , vol.115 , Issue.11 , pp. C11015
    • Nicholson, D.1    Emerson, S.2    Caillon, N.3    Jouzel, J.4    Hamme, R.C.5
  • 45
    • 33645234719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating arctic climate warmth and icefield retreat in the last interglaciation
    • Otto-Bliesner, BL (2006) Simulating arctic climate warmth and icefield retreat in the last interglaciation. Science, 311(5768), 1751-1753 (doi: 10.1126/science.1120808)
    • (2006) Science , vol.311 , Issue.5768 , pp. 1751-1753
    • Otto-Bliesner, B.L.1
  • 46
    • 0031765111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of ice layers by infiltration and refreezing of meltwater
    • Pfeffer WT and Humphrey NF (1998) Formation of ice layers by infiltration and refreezing of meltwater. Ann. Glaciol., 26, 83-91
    • (1998) Ann. Glaciol. , vol.26 , pp. 83-91
    • Pfeffer, W.T.1    Humphrey, N.F.2
  • 47
    • 0025632117 scopus 로고
    • Analysis and modeling of meltwater refreezing in dry snow
    • Pfeffer, WT, Illangasekare TH and Meier MF (1990) Analysis and modeling of meltwater refreezing in dry snow. J. Glaciol, 36(123), 238-246
    • (1990) J. Glaciol , vol.36 , Issue.123 , pp. 238-246
    • Pfeffer, W.T.1    Illangasekare, T.H.2    Meier, M.F.3
  • 48
    • 0026296538 scopus 로고
    • Retention of Greenland runoff by refreezing: Implications for projected future sea level change
    • Pfeffer, WT, Meier MF and Illangasekare TH (1991) Retention of Greenland runoff by refreezing: implications for projected future sea level change. J. Geophys. Res.: Oceans (1978-2012), 96(C12), 22117-22 124 (doi: 10.1029/91JC02502)
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res.: Oceans (1978-2012) , vol.96 , Issue.12 , pp. 22117-22124
    • Pfeffer, W.T.1    Meier, M.F.2    Illangasekare, T.H.3
  • 49
    • 33645508320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractionation of gases in polar ice during bubble close-off: New constraints from firn air Ne, Kr and Xe observations
    • Severinghaus JP and Battle MO (2006) Fractionation of gases in polar ice during bubble close-off: new constraints from firn air Ne, Kr and Xe observations. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 244(1-2), 474-500 (doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.032)
    • (2006) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.244 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 474-500
    • Severinghaus, J.P.1    Battle, M.O.2
  • 50
    • 0037321431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amethod for precise measurement of argon 40/36 and krypton/argon ratios in trapped air in polar ice with applications to past firn thickness and abrupt climate change in Greenland and at Siple Dome, Antarctica
    • Severinghaus JP, Grachev A, Luz B and Caillon, AN (2003) Amethod for precise measurement of argon 40/36 and krypton/argon ratios in trapped air in polar ice with applications to past firn thickness and abrupt climate change in Greenland and at Siple Dome, Antarctica. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 67, 325-343 (doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037 (02) 00965-1)
    • (2003) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.67 , pp. 325-343
    • Severinghaus, J.P.1    Grachev, A.2    Luz, B.3    Caillon, A.N.4
  • 51
    • 56749164022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosing the extreme surface melt event over southwestern Greenland in 2007
    • Tedesco M, Serreze M and Fettweis X (2008) Diagnosing the extreme surface melt event over southwestern Greenland in 2007. Cryosphere, 2(2), 159-166 (doi: 10.5194/tc-2-159-2008)
    • (2008) Cryosphere , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-166
    • Tedesco, M.1    Serreze, M.2    Fettweis, X.3
  • 52
    • 79952511267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of albedo and accumulation in the 2010 melting record in Greenland
    • Tedesco M and et al (2011) The role of albedo and accumulation in the 2010 melting record in Greenland. Envir. Res. Lett., 6(1), 014005 (doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/6/1/014005)
    • (2011) Envir. Res. Lett. , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 014005
    • Tedesco, M.1
  • 53
    • 0024225090 scopus 로고
    • A laboratory study of dissolved noble gas anomaly due to ice formation
    • Top Z, Martin S and Becker P (1988) A laboratory study of dissolved noble gas anomaly due to ice formation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 15(8), 796-799 (doi: 10.1029/GL015i008p00796)
    • (1988) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.15 , Issue.8 , pp. 796-799
    • Top, Z.1    Martin, S.2    Becker, P.3
  • 54
    • 84882842358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Onset of deglacial warming in West Antarctica driven by local orbital forcing
    • WAIS Divide Project Members (2013) Onset of deglacial warming in West Antarctica driven by local orbital forcing. Nature, 500(7463), 440-444 (doi: 10.1016/0011-7471 (70) 90037-9)
    • (2013) Nature , vol.500 , Issue.7463 , pp. 440-444
    • WAIS Divide Project Members1
  • 55
    • 37949015684 scopus 로고
    • The solubility of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in water and seawater
    • Weiss RF (1970) The solubility of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in water and seawater. Deep Sea Res., 17, 721-735 (doi: 10.1021/je60076a014)
    • (1970) Deep Sea Res. , vol.17 , pp. 721-735
    • Weiss, R.F.1
  • 56
    • 0017918598 scopus 로고
    • Solubility of krypton in water and seawater
    • Weiss RF and T. K. Kyser (1978) Solubility of krypton in water and seawater. J. Chem Eng. Data, 23(1), 69-72
    • (1978) J. Chem Eng. Data , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-72
    • Weiss, R.F.1    Kyser, T.K.2
  • 57
    • 84881641902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace-element and physical response to melt percolation in Summit (Greenland) snow
    • Wong GJ, Hawley RL, Lutz ER and Osterberg EC (2013) Trace-element and physical response to melt percolation in Summit (Greenland) snow. Ann. Glaciol., 54(63), 52-62 (doi: 10.3189/2013AoG63A602)
    • (2013) Ann. Glaciol. , vol.54 , Issue.63 , pp. 52-62
    • Wong, G.J.1    Hawley, R.L.2    Lutz, E.R.3    Osterberg, E.C.4
  • 58
    • 33745941452 scopus 로고
    • Tech. Rep. USNRDL-TR-988 US Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory, San Francisco, CA
    • Wood D and Caputi R (1966) Solubilities of Kr and Xe in fresh and seawater. (Tech. Rep. USNRDL-TR-988) US Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory, San Francisco, CA
    • (1966) Solubilities of Kr and Xe in Fresh and Seawater
    • Wood, D.1    Caputi, R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.