Developmental Trajectories of Anxiety and Depression in Early Adolescence

Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology

Volumn 43, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 311-323

  McLaughlin, Katie A ^a   King, Kevin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescence; Anxiety; Depression; Development; Growth curve model; Trajectories

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT; ANXIETY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; GROWTH; HUMAN; MALE; PHOBIA; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE; SEPARATION ANXIETY; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; SOCIOECONOMICS;

ADOLESCENT; ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT; ANXIETY; ANXIETY, SEPARATION; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; GROWTH; HUMANS; MALE; PHOBIC DISORDERS; SEX CHARACTERISTICS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES;

EID: 84940298320     PISSN: 00910627     EISSN: 15732835     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10802-014-9898-1     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Erkanli, A. (1999). Comorbidity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 57–87.
2. Barrett, P. (2007). Structural equation modeling: Adjudsting model fit. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 815–824.
3. Beesdo, K., Bittner, A., Pine, D. S., Stein, M. B., Hofler, M., Lieb, R., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2007). Incidence of social anxiety disorder and the consistent risk for secondary depression in the first three decades of life. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(8), 903–912.
4. Bollen, K. A., & Curran, P. J. (2004). Autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) models: A synthesis of two traditions. Sociological Methods and Research, 32, 336–383.
5. Brent, D. A., Perper, J., Moritz, G., Allman, C., Friend, A., Roth, C., & Baugher, M. (1993). Psychiatric risk factors for adolescent suicide: A case–control study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 521–529.
6. Burstein, M., Ginsburg, G. S., Petras, H., & Ialongo, N. (2010). Parent psychopathology and youth internalizing symptoms in an urban community: A latent growth model analysis. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 41, 61–87.
7. Cambell, L. A., Brown, T. A., & Grisham, J. R. (2003). The relevance of age of onset to the psychopathology of GAD. Behavior Therapy, 34, 31–48.
8. Chen, F., Curran, P., Bollen, K. A., Kirby, J., & Paxton, P. (2008). An empirical evaluation of the use of fixed cutoff points in RMSEA test statistic in structural equation models. Sociological Methods and Research, 36, 462–494.
9. Chorpita, B. F. (2002). The tripartite model and dimensions of anxiety and depression: An examination of structure in a large school sample. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 177–190.
10. Chorpita, B. F., Tracey, S. F., Brown, T. A., Collica, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (1997). Assessment of worry in children and adolescents: An adaptation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 569–581.
11. Cole, D. A., Peeke, L. G., Martin, J. M., Truglio, R., & Seroczynski, A. D. (1998). A longitudinal look at the relation between depression and anxiety in children and adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 451–460.
12. Copeland, W. E., Shanahan, L., Costello, E. J., & Angold, A. (2009). Childhood and adolescent psychiatric disorders as predictors of young adult disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66, 764–772.
13. Costello, E. J., Erkanli, A., & Angold, A. (2006). Is there an epidemic of child or adolescent depression? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(12), 1263–1271.
14. Costello, E. J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003). Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 837–844.
15. Crocetti, E., Klimstra, T., Keijsers, L., Hale, W. W., & Meeus, W. (2009). Anxiety trajectories and identity development in adolescence: A five-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 839–849.
16. Curran, P. J., & Hussong, A. M. (2003). The use of latent trajectory models in psychopathology research. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 526–544.
17. Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, J., Ritter, E. M., & Beautrais, A. L. (2005). Subthreshold depressive symptoms in adolescence and mental health outcomes in adulthood. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 66–72.
18. Fergusson, D. M., & Woodward, L. J. (2002). Mental health, educational, and social role outcomes of adolescents with depression. rchives of General Psychiatry, 59, 225–231.
19. Fleeson, W. (2007). Studying personality processes: Explaining change in between-persons longitudinal and within-person multilevel models. In Robins, R. W., Fraley, R.C.; Krueger, R.F. (Eds), (2007). Handbook of research methods in personality psychology, (pp. 523–542). New York, NY, US: Guilford Press
20. Fombonne, E., Wostear, G., Cooper, V., Harrington, R., & Rutter, M. (2001a). The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression. Psychiatric outcomes in adulthood. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 210–217.
21. Fombonne, E., Wostear, G., Cooper, V., Harrington, R., & Rutter, M. (2001b). The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression. 2. Suicidality and social dysfunction in adulthood. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 218–223.
22. Garber, J., Keiley, M. K., & Martin, N. C. (2002). Developmental trajectories of adolescents' depressive symptoms: Predictors of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 79–95.
23. Garrison, C. Z., Jackson, K. L., Marsteller, F., McKeown, R. E., & Addy, C. L. (1990). A longitudinal study of depressive symptomatology in young adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 581–585.
24. Ge, X., Conger, R. D., & Elder, G. H. (2001). Pubertal transition, stressful life events, and the emergence of gender differences in adolescent depressive symptoms. Developmental Psychology, 37, 404–417.
25. Georgiades, K., Lewinsohn, P. M., Monroe, S. M., & Seeley, J. R. (2006). Major Depressive Disorder in Adolescence: The Role of Subthreshold Symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(8), 936–944.
26. Gorman, J. M., & Coplan, J. D. (1996). Comorbidity of depression and panic disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 57(Suppl 10), 34–41.
27. Gotlib, I. H., Lewinsohn, P. M., & Seeley, J. R. (1998). Consequences of depression during adolescence: Marital status and marital functioning in early adulthood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107(4), 686–690.
28. Graber, J. A., Seeley, J. R., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (2004). Is Pubertal Timing Associated With Psychopathology in Young Adulthood? Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 718–726.
29. Hale, W. W., Raaijmakers, Q., Muris, P., van Hoof, A., & Meeus, W. (2008). Developmental trajectories of adolescent anxiety disorder symptoms: A 5-year prospective community study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 556–564.
30. Hale, W. W., Raaijmakers, Q. A. W., Muris, P., van Hoof, A., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2009). One factor or two parallel processes? Comorbidity and development of adolescent anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 1218–1226.
31. Hankin, B. L., Abramson, L. Y., Moffitt, T. E., Silva, P. A., McGee, R., & Angell, K. E. (1998). Development of depression from preadolescence to young adulthood: Emerging gender differences in a 10-year longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 128–140.
32. Hodges, E. V. E., Malone, M. J., & Perry, D. G. (1997). Individual risk and social risk as interacting determinants of victimization in the peer group. Developmental Psychology, 33, 1032–1039.
33. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.
34. Joiner, T. E., Jr., Alfano, M. S., & Metalsky, G. I. (1992). When depression breeds contempt: Reassurance seeking, self-esteem, and rejection of depressed college students by their roommates. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 101, 165–173.
35. Kim-Cohen, J., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Harrington, H., Milne, B. J., & Poulton, R. (2003). Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(7), 709–717.
36. King, K. M., Molina, B. S., & Chassin, L. (2009). Prospective relations between growth in drinking and familial stressors across adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 610–622.
37. Kovacs, M. (1992). Children’s Depression Inventory manual. New York: Multi-Health Systems North Tonawanda.
38. LaGreca, A. M., & Harrison, H. M. (2005). Adolescent peer relations, friendships, and romantic relationships: Do they predict social anxiety and depression? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 49–61.
39. Last, C. G., Perrin, S., Hersen, M., & Kazdin, A. E. (1992). DSM-III-R anxiety disorders in children: Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 1070–1076.
40. Lau, J. J., Calamari, J. E., & Waraczynski, M. (1996). Panic attack symptomatology and anxiety sensitivity in adolescents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 10, 355–364.
41. Leadbeater, B. J., Thompson, K., & Gruppuso, V. (2012). Co-occurring trajectories of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and oppositional defiance from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 41, 719–730.
42. Little, R. J. A., & Rubin, D. B. (1987). Statistical analysis with missing data. New York: Wiley.
43. March, J. S., Parker, J. D. A., Sullivan, K., Stallings, P., & Conners, C. K. (1997). The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 554–565.
44. Marsh, H. W., Hau, K.-T., & Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler's (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling, 11, 320–341.
45. McGee, R., Feehan, M., Williams, S., & Anderson, J. (1992). DSM-III disorders from age 11 to age 15 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(1), 50–59.
46. McLaughlin, K. A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2011). Rumination as a transdiagnostic factor in depression and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 186–193.
47. Merikangas, K. R., Zhang, H., Avenevoli, S., Acharyya, S., Meuenschwander, M., & Angst, J. (2003). Longitudinal trajectories of depression and anxiety in a prospective community study: The Zurich Cohort Study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 993–1000.
48. Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 487–495.
49. Millsap, R. E. (2007). Structural equation modeling made difficult. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 875–881.
50. Moffit, T. E., Harrington, H., Caspi, A., Kim-Cohen, J., Goldberg, D. A., Gregory, A. M., & Poulton, R. (2007). Depression and generalized anxiety disorder: Cumulative and sequential comorbidity in a birth cohort followed prospectively to age 32 years. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 651–660.
51. Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Ollendick, T., King, N., & Bogie, N. (2002). Three traditional and three new childhood anxiety questionnaires: their reliability and validity in a normal adolescent sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 753–772.
52. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2008). Mplus 5.1. Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén.
53. Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Girgus, J. S. (1994). The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 115(3), 424–443.
54. Olino, T. M., Klein, D. N., Lewinsohn, P. M., Rohde, P., & Seeley, J. R. (2010). Latent trajectories of depressive and anxiety disorders from adolescence to adulthood: descriptions of classes and associations with risk factors. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51, 224–235.
55. Pine, D. S., Cohen, E., Cohen, P., & Brook, J. S. (1999). Adolescent depressive symptoms as predictors of adult depression: Moodiness or mood disorder? American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(1), 133–135.
56. Pine, D. S., Cohen, P., Gurley, D., Brook, J., & Ma, Y. (1998). The risk for early adulthood anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 56–64.
57. Pollock, R. A., Carter, A. S., Avenevoli, S., Dierker, L. C., Chazan-Cohen, R., & Merikangas, K. R. (2002). Anxiety sensitivity in adolescents at risk for psychopathology. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 343–353.
58. Prinstein, M. J., Borelli, J. L., Cheah, C. S. L., Simon, V. A., & Aikins, J. W. (2005). Adolescent girls' interpersonal vulnerability to depressive symptoms: a longitudinal examination of reassurance-seeking and peer relationships. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 676–688.
59. Reynolds, W. M. (1994). Assessment of depression in children and adolescents by self-report measures. In W. M. Reynolds & H. F. Johnston (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp. 209–234). New York: Plenum Press.
60. Roy-Byrne, P. P., Stang, P. E., Wittchen, H.-U., Ustun, B., Walters, E. E., & Kessler, R. C. (2000). Lifetime panic-depression comorbidity in the National Comorbidity Survey. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 229–235.
61. Satorra, A. (2000). Scaled and adjusted restricted tests in multi-sample analysis of moment structures. In R. D. H. Heijmans, D. S. G. Pollock & A. Satorra (Eds.), Innovations in multivariate statistical analysis. A Festschrift for Heinz Neudecker (pp. 233–247). London: Kluwer.
62. Schafer, J. L., & Graham, J. W. (2002). Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7, 147–177.
63. Stein, M. B., Fuetsch, M., Muller, N., Hofler, M., Lieb, R., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2001). Social anxiety disorder and the risk of depression: a prospective community study of adolescents and young adults. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 251–256.
64. Timbremont, B., Braet, C., & Dreessen, L. (2004). Assessing depression in youth: Relation between the Children’s depression inventory and a structured interview. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33, 149–157.
65. Twenge, J. M., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2002). Age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and birth cohort differences on the children's depression inventory: a meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(4), 578–588.
66. Van Oort, F. V. A., Greaves-Lord, K., Verhulst, F. C., Ormel, J., & Huizink, A. C. (2009). The developmental course of anxiety symptoms during adolescence: the TRAILS study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 1209–1217.
67. Vernberg, E. M. (1990). Psychological adjustment and experiences with peers during early adolescence: Reciprocal, incidental, or unidirectional relationships? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18, 187–198.
68. Voelkle, M. C. (2008). Reconsidering the use of Autoregressive Latent Trajectory (ALT) models. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 43, 564–591.
69. Weems, C. F., Hammond-Laurence, K., Silverman, W. K., & Ferguson, C. (1997). The relation between anxiety sensitivity and depression in children and adolescents referred for anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(10), 961–966.
70. Weems, C. F., Hammond-Laurence, K., Silverman, W. K., & Ginsburg, G. S. (1998). Testing the utility of the anxiety sensitivity construct in children and adolescents referred for anxiety disorders. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27, 69–77.
71. Wittchen, H.-U., Kessler, R. C., Pfister, H., & Lieb, R. (2000). Why do people with anxiety disorders become depressed? A prospective-longitudinal community study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 102, 14–23.
72. Wood, J. J., Piacentini, J. C., Bergman, R. L., McCracken, J., & Barrios, V. (2002). Concurrent validity of the anxiety disorders section of the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Child and parent versions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 335–342.