Parent psychopathology and youth internalizing symptoms in an urban community: A latent growth model analysis

Child Psychiatry and Human Development

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 61-87

  Burstein, Marcy ^a,d   Ginsburg, Golda S ^a   Petras, Hanno ^b   Ialongo, Nicholas ^c  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^c JOHNS HOPKINS BLOOMBERG SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^d NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

African American; Parent psychopathology; Youth anxiety; Youth depression

Indexed keywords

ADDICTION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MIDDLE AGED; PARENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; SEX DIFFERENCE; URBAN POPULATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; ANXIETY; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD OF IMPAIRED PARENTS; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MENTAL DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PARENTS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; SEX FACTORS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; URBAN POPULATION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77649203195     PISSN: 0009398X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10578-009-0152-y     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Leventhal T, Brooks-Gunn J (2000) The neighborhoods they live in: the effects of neighborhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes. Psychol Bull 126: 309-337. doi:10.1037/0033-2909. 126.2.309
2. Tuma JM (1989) Mental health services for children: the state of the art. Am Psychol 44: 188-199. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.188
3. Day C, Roberts MC (1991) Activities of the child and adolescent service system program for improving mental health services for children and families. J Clin Child Psychol 20: 340-350
4. Grant KE, O'Koon J, Davis T, Roache N, Poindexter L, Armstrong M, Minden JA, McIntosh JM (2000) Protective factors affecting low-income urban African American youth exposed to stress. J Early Adolesc 20: 388-417. doi:10.1177/0272431600020004002
5. Tolan PH, Guerra NG, Montaini-Klovdahl L (1997) Staying out of harm's way: coping and the development of inner-city children. In: Sandier I, Wolchik S (eds) Handbook of children's coping with common stressors: Linking theory, research and interventions. Plenum, New York, pp 453-479
6. McLoyd VC (1998) Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development. Am Psychol 53: 185-204. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.53.2.185 (Pubitemid 128455442)
7. Tolan PH, Henry D (1996) Patterns of psychopathology among urban poor children: comorbidity and aggression effects. J Consult Clin Psychol 64: 1094-1099. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.64.5.1094 (Pubitemid 26349592)
8. Hawkes TH, Furst NF (1971) Race, socio-economic situation, achievement, IQ, and teacher ratings of students' behavior as factors relating to anxiety in upper elementary school children. Sociol Educ 44: 333-350. doi:10.2307/2111996
9. Nalven FB (1970) Manifest fears and worries of ghetto vs middle-class suburban children. Psychol Rep 27: 285-286
10. Roberts RE, Roberts CR, Xing Y (2007) Rates of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders among adolescents in a large metropolitan area. J Psychiatr Res 41: 959-967. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.09.006 (Pubitemid 47259091)
11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1998) Suicide among black youths - United States, 1980-1995. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 47: 106-193
12. O'Donnell L, O'Donnell C, Wardlaw DM, Stueve A (2004) Risk and resiliency factors influencing suicidality among urban African American and Latino youth. Am J Community Psychol 33: 37-49. doi:10.1023/B:AJCP.0000014317.20704.0b (Pubitemid 38981494)
13. Price JH, Dake JA, Kucharewski R (2001) Assets as predictors of suicide attempts in African American inner-city youths. Am J Health Behav 25: 367-375 (Pubitemid 33609195)
14. Griffin JA, Cicchetti D, Leaf PJ (1993) Characteristics of youths identified from a psychiatric case register as first-time users of services. Hosp Community Psychiatry 44: 62-65 (Pubitemid 23046724)
15. McMiller WP, Weisz JR (1996) Help-seeking preceding mental health clinic intake among African- American, Latino, and Caucasian youths. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 35: 1086-1094. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199608000-00020 (Pubitemid 26266340)
16. Beardslee WR, Keller MB, Lavori PW, Staley JE (1993) The impact of parental affective disorder on depression in offspring: a longitudinal follow-up in a nonreferred sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32: 723-730 (Pubitemid 23187769)
17. Chassin L, Rogosch F, Barrera M (1991) Substance use and symptomatology among adolescent children of alcoholics. J Abnorm Psychol 100: 449-463. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.100.4.449
18. Merikangas KR, Dierker LC, Szatmari P (1998) Psychopathology among offspring of parents with substance abuse and/or anxiety disorders: a high risk study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 39: 711-720. doi:10.1017/S0021963098002522 (Pubitemid 28339603)
19. Turner SM, Beidel DC, Costello A (1987) Psychopathology in the offspring of anxiety disorders patients. J Consult Clin Psychol 55: 229-235. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.55.2.229
20. Angold A, Weissman MM, John K, Merikangas KR (1987) Parent and child reports of depressive symptoms in children at low and high risk of depression. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 28: 901-915. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1987.tb00678.x (Pubitemid 18044812)
21. Garber J, Martin NC (2002) Negative cognitions in offspring of depressed parents: mechanisms of risk. 121-153. doi: 10.1037/10449-005
22. Weissman MM, Fendrich M, Warner V, Wickramaratne P (1992) Incidence of psychiatric disorder in offspring at high and low risk for depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31: 640-648. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199207000-00010
23. Ginsburg GS, Schlossberg MC (2002) Family-based treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. Int Rev Psychiatr 14: 143-154. doi:10.1080/09540260220132662 (Pubitemid 34765402)
24. Kelley ML, Fals-Stewart W(2004) Psychiatric disorders of children living with drug-abusing, alcoholabusing, and non-substance-abusing fathers. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 43: 621-628. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200405000-00016 (Pubitemid 38821015)
25. Stanger C, Higgins ST, Bickel WK, Elk R, Grabowski J, Schmitz J, Amass L, Kirby KC, Seracini AM (1999) Behavioral and emotional problems among children of cocaine- and opiate dependent parents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38: 421-428. doi:10.1097/00004583-199904000-00015 (Pubitemid 29153113)
26. Cauce AM, Stewart A, Rodriguez MD, Cochran B, Ginzler J (2003) Overcoming the odds? Adolescent development in the context of urban poverty. In: Luthar SS (ed) Resilience and vulnerability: adaptation in the context of childhood adversities. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 343-363
27. Merikangas KR (2002) Familial factors and substance use disorders. In: McMahon RJ, Peters RD (eds) The effects of parental dysfunction on children. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp 17-40
28. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE (2005) Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62: 617-627. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 (Pubitemid 40973437)
29. Kline RB (1998) Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press, New York
30. Biederman J, Petty C, Hirashfeld-Becker DR, Henin A, Faraone SV, Dang D, Jakubowski A, Rosenbaum JF (2006) A controlled longitudinal 5-year follow-up study of children at high and low risk for panic disorder and major depression. Psychol Med 36: 1141-1152. doi:10.1017/S0033291 706007781 (Pubitemid 44084017)
31. Chassin L, Pitts SC, DeLucia C, Todd M (1999) A longitudinal study of children of alcoholics: predicting young adult substance use disorders, anxiety, and depression. J Abnorm Psychol 108: 106-119. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.108.1.106 (Pubitemid 29108314)
32. Grant BF, Dawson DA, Stinson FS, Chou SP, Dufour MC, Pickering RP (2004) The 12-month prevalence and trends in DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: United states, 1991-1992 and 2001-2002. Drug Alcohol Depend 74: 223-234. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.02.004 (Pubitemid 38759777)
33. Kessler RC, Nelson CB, McGonagle KA, Edlund MJ, Frank RG, Leaf PJ (1996) The epidemiology of co-occurring addictive and mental disorders: implications for prevention and service utilization. Am J Orthopsychiatry 66: 17-31. doi:10.1037/h0080151 (Pubitemid 26031236)
34. Regier DA, Rae DS, Narrow WE, Kaelber CT, Schatzberg AF (1998) Prevalence of anxiety disorders and their comorbidity with mood and addictive disorders. Br J Psychiatry 173: 24-28 (Pubitemid 28312194)
35. Hasin DS, Stinson FS, Ogburn E, Grant BF (2007) Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64: 830-842. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.64.7.830 (Pubitemid 47026379)
36. Bollen KA, Curran PJ (2006) Latent curve models: a structural equations perspective. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, US
37. Biederman J, Rosenbaum JF, Bolduc EA, Faraone SV (1991) A high risk study of young children of parents with panic disorder and agoraphobia with and without comorbid major depression. Psychiatry Res 37: 333-348. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(91)90068-Z
38. Beidel DC, Turner SM (1997) At risk for anxiety: I. psychopathology in the offspring of anxious parents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36: 918-924. doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00013 (Pubitemid 27272924)
39. Wichstrom L (1999) The emergence of gender difference in depressed mood during adolescence: the role of intensified gender socialization. Dev Psychol 35: 232-245. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.35.1.232
40. van der Ende J, Verhulst FC (2005) Informant, gender and age differences in ratings of adolescent problem behaviour. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 14: 117-126. doi:10.1007/s00787-005-0438-y
41. Angold A, Erkanli A, Silberg J, Eaves L, Costello EJ (2002) Depression scale scores in 8-17-yearolds: effects of age and gender. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 43: 1052-1063. doi:10.1111/1469-7610. 00232 (Pubitemid 36939281)
42. Cole DA, Tram JM, Martin JM, Hoffman KB, Ruiz MD, Jacquez FM, Maschman (2002) Individual differences in the emergence of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents: a longitudinal investigation of parent and child reports. J Abnorm Psychol 111: 156-165. doi:10.1037/0021-843X. 111.1.156 (Pubitemid 34150831)
43. Ge X, Lorenz FO, Conger RD, Elder GH, Simons RL (1994) Trajectories of stressful life events and depressive symptoms during adolescence. Dev Psychol 30: 467-483. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.30.4.467
44. Ranta K, Kaltiala-Heino R, Koivisto A, Tuomisto MT, Pelkonen M, Marttunen M (2007) Age and gender differences in social anxiety symptoms during adolescence: the social phobia inventory (SPIN) as a measure. Psychiatry Res 153: 261-270. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.12.006 (Pubitemid 47632801)
45. Hale WW III, Raaijmakers Q, Muris P, van Hoof A, Meeus W (2008) Developmental trajectories of adolescent anxiety disorder symptoms: a 5-year prospective community study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 47: 556-564. doi:10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181676583 (Pubitemid 351591605)
46. Ollendick TH, King NJ (1994) Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of internalizing problems in children: the role of longitudinal data. J Consult Clin Psychol 62: 918-927. doi:10.1037/0022-006X. 62.5.918 (Pubitemid 24328495)
47. Hayward C, Wilson KA, Lagle K, Kraemer HC, Killen JD, Taylor CB (2008) The developmental psychopathology of social anxiety in adolescents. Depress Anxiety 25: 200-206. doi:10.1002/da.20289 (Pubitemid 351499898)
48. Lewinsohn PM, Gotlib IH, Lewinsohn M, Seeley JR, Allen NB (1998) Gender differences in anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. J Abnorm Psychol 107: 109-117. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.107.1.109 (Pubitemid 28102958)
49. Costello EJ, Mustillo S, Erkanli A, Keeler G, Angold A (2003) Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60: 837-844. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.8.837 (Pubitemid 36960915)
50. Repetto PB, Caldwell CH, Zimmerman MA (2004) Trajectories of depressive symptoms among high risk African-American adolescents. J Adolesc Health 35: 468-477. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003. 12.007 (Pubitemid 39576017)
51. Clark DB, Smith MG, Neighbors BD, Skerlec LM (1994) Anxiety disorders in adolescence: characteristics, prevalence, and comorbidities. Clin Psychol Rev 14: 113-137. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(94) 90012-4 (Pubitemid 24114307)
52. Twenge JM, Nolen-Hoeksema S (2002) Age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and birth cohort difference on the children's depression inventory: a meta-analysis. J Abnorm Psychol 111: 578-588. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.111.4.578 (Pubitemid 35247003)
53. Ialongo N, Poduska J, Werthamer L, Kellam S (2001) The distal impact of two first-grade preventive interventions on conduct problems and disorder in early adolescence. J Emot Behav Disord 9: 146-160. doi:10.117/106342660100900301
54. Ialongo NS, Kellam SG, Poduska J (1999) Manual for the Baltimore how I feel. (Tech. Rep. No. 2). Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
55. American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., revised). American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC
56. World Health Organization (1994) Composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI) researcher's manual version 1.1. American Psychiatric Association, Albany, New York
57. Wittchen H (1994) Reliability and validity studies of the WHO-composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI): a critical review. J Psychiatr Res 28: 57-84. doi:10.1016/0022-3956(94)90036-1
58. American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC
59. Peters L, Andrews G (1995) Procedural validity of the computerized version of the composite international diagnostic interview (CIDI-Auto) in the anxiety disorders. Psychol Med 25(6):1269-1280
60. Dobson KS (1985) The relationship between anxiety and depression. Clin Psychol Rev 5(4):307
61. Barbee JG (1998) Mixed symptoms and syndromes of anxiety and depression: diagnostic, prognostic, and etiologic issues. Ann Clin Psychiatry 10(1):15
62. Kovacs M (1983) The children's depression inventory: a self-rating depression scale for schoolaged youngsters. Unpublished manuscript. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
63. Asarnow JR, Carlson GA (1985) Depression self-rating scale: utility with child psychiatric inpatients. J Consult Clin Psychol 53: 491-499. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.53.4.491 (Pubitemid 15046927)
64. Spence SH (1998) A measure of anxiety symptoms among children. Behav Res Ther 36(5): 545-566 (Pubitemid 28288652)
65. Shaffer D, Fisher P, Lucas CP, Dulcan MK, Schwab-Stone ME (2000) NIMH diagnostic interview schedule for children version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39: 28-38. doi: 10.1097/00004583-200001000-00014 (Pubitemid 30029897)
66. Muthén LK, Muthén BO (2007) Mplus user's guide, 5th edn. Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles, CA
67. Joreskog KG, Goldberger AS (1972) Factor analysis by generalized least squares. Psychometrika 37: 243-260. doi:10.1007/BF02306782
68. Arbuckle JL, Wothke W (1999) AMOS 4.0 user's guide. Small Waters Corporation, Chicago
69. Chen F, Curran PJ, Bollen KA, Kirby JB, Paxton P (2008) An empirical evaluation of the use of fixed cutoff points in RMSEA test statistic in structural equation models. Sociol Method Res 36: 462-494. doi:10.1177/ 0049124108314720
70. Arbuckle JL (1996) Full information estimation in the presence of incomplete data. In: Marcoulides GA, Schumacker RE (eds) Advanced structural equation modeling: issues and techniques. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, pp 237-277
71. Little RJ (1995) Modeling the dropout mechanism in repeated-measures studies. J Amer Statistical Assoc 90(431): 1112-1121
72. Muthén BO, Sheddon K (1999) Finite mixture modeling with mixture outcomes using the EM algorithm. Biometrics 6: 463-469
73. Schafer JL, Graham (2002) Missing data: our view of the state of the art. Psychol Methods 7: 147-177. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.2.147
74. Wothke W (2000) Longitudinal and multigroup modeling with missing data. In: Little TD, Schnabel KU, Baumert J (eds) Modeling longitudinal and multilevel data: practical issues, applied approaches, and specific examples. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ, US, pp 219-240
75. Muthén LK, Muthén BO (2004) Mplus: the comprehensive modeling program for applied researchers. User's guide, 3rd edn. Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles, CA
76. West SG, Finch JF, Curran PJ (1995) Structural equation models with nonnormal variables: problems and remedies. 56-75
77. Windle M, Windle RC (2001) Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among middle adolescents: prospective associations and intrapersonal and interpersonal influences. J Consult Clin Psychol 69: 215-226. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.69.2.215 (Pubitemid 32488281)
78. Sigmon ST, Pells J, Boulard N, Whitcomb-Smith S, Edenfield T, Hermann B, Schartel, LaMattina, Kubik (2005) Gender differences in self-reports of depression: the response bias hypothesis revisited. Sex Roles 53: 401-411. doi:10.1007/s11199-005-6762-3 (Pubitemid 41563545)
79. Bosquet M, Egeland B (2006) The development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms from infancy through adolescence in a longitudinal sample. Dev Psychopathol 18: 517-550. doi:10.1017/S09545794 06060275
80. Bell-Dolan DJ, Last CG, Strauss CC (1990) Symptoms of anxiety disorders in normal children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 29: 759-765. doi:10.1097/00004583-199009000-00014 (Pubitemid 20311711)
81. Ohannessian CM, Lerner RM, Lerner JV, von Eye A (1999) Does self-competence predict gender differences in adolescent depression and anxiety? J Adolesc 22: 397-411. doi:10.1006/jado.1999.0231 (Pubitemid 29433374)
82. Palapattu AG, Kingery JN, Ginsburg GS (2006) Gender role orientation and anxiety symptoms among African American adolescents. J Abnorm Child Psychol 34: 441-449. doi:10.1007/s10802-006-9023-1 (Pubitemid 43973001)
83. Kashani JH, Orvaschel H (1990) A community study of anxiety in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 147: 313-318 (Pubitemid 20082033)
84. Weems CF, Costa NM (2005) Developmental differences in the expression of childhood anxiety symptoms and fears. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 44: 656-663. doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000 162583.25829.4b (Pubitemid 40875360)
85. Ollendick TH, Matson JL, Helsel WJ (1985) Fears in children and adolescents: normative data. Behav Res Ther 23: 465-467. doi:10.1016/0005- 7967(85)90174-3 (Pubitemid 15065519)
86. Ollendick TH, King NJ, Frary RB (1989) Fears in children and adolescents: reliability and generalizability across gender, age and nationality. Behav Res Ther 27: 19-26. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(89) 90115-0 (Pubitemid 19012156)
87. Dierker LC, Merikangas KR, Szatmari P (1999) Influence of parental concordance for psychiatric disorders on psychopathology in offspring. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38: 280-288. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199903000-00016 (Pubitemid 29108740)
88. Breslau J, Kendler KS, Su M, Gaxiola-Aguilar S, Kessler RC (2005) Lifetime risk and persistence of psychiatric disorders across ethnic groups in the United States. Psychol Med 35: 317-327. doi: 10.1017/S0033291704003514 (Pubitemid 40372471)
89. Sterba SK, Prinstein MJ, Cox MJ (2007) Trajectories of internalizing problems across childhood: heterogeneity, external validity, and gender differences. Dev Psychopathol 19: 345-366. doi: 10.1017/S0954579407070174 (Pubitemid 46681437)
90. Hill JP, Holmbeck G (1986) Attachment and autonomy during adolescence. In: White-hurst g (ed) Annals of child development, vol 3. JAI, Greenwich, CT, pp 145-189
91. Cross SE, Madson L (1997) Models of the self: self-construals and gender. Psychol Bull 122: 5-37. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.122.1.5 (Pubitemid 127705302)
92. Block CB (1981) Black American and the cross-cultural counseling and psychotherapy experience. In: Marsella AJ, Pederson PB (eds) Cross cultural counseling and psychotherapy. Pergamon, New York, pp 177-194
93. Kellam SG, Werthamer-Larsson L, Dolan LJ, Brown CH, Mayer LS, Rebok GW et al (1991) Developmental epidemiologically based preventive trials: baseline modeling of early target behaviors and depressive symptoms. Am J Community Psychol 19: 563-584. doi:10.1007/BF00937992
94. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S, Wittchen H, Kendler KS (1994) Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the national comorbidity survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51(1): 8-19 (Pubitemid 24028993)
95. Magee WJ, Eaton WW, Wittchen HU, McGonagle KA, Kessler RC (1996) Agoraphobia, simple phobia, and social phobia in the national comorbidity survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 53: 159-168 (Pubitemid 26049391)
96. Kessler RC, Rubinow DR, Holmes C, Abelson JM, Zhao S (1997) The epidemiology of DSM-III-R bipolar I disorder in a general population survey. Psychol Med 27: 1079-1089. doi:10.1017/S00332 91797005333 (Pubitemid 27401831)
97. Warner LA, Kessler RC, Hughes M, Anthony JC (1995) Prevalence and correlates of drug use and dependence in the United States: results from the national comorbidity survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52: 219-229
98. McMahon RJ, Peters RD (eds) (2002) The effects of parental dysfunction on children. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers, New York, NY, US
99. Chambless DL, Williams KE (1995) A preliminary study of African Americans with agoraphobia: symptom severity and outcome of treatment with in vivo exposure. Behav Ther 26: 501-515
100. Miranda J, Chung G, Krupnick S, Revicki B (2003) Treating depression in predominantly low-income young minority women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 290: 57-65. doi:10.1001/jama.290.1.57 (Pubitemid 37432866)
101. Miranda J, Schoenbaum M, Sherbourne C, Duan N, Wells K (2004) Effects of primary care depression treatment on minority patients' clinical status and employment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61: 827-834. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.61.8.827 (Pubitemid 39031122)
102. Barrish HH, Saunders M, Wolf MD (1969) Good behavior game: effects of individual contingencies for group consequences on disruptive behavior in a classroom. J Appl Behav Anal 2: 119-124. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1969.2-119
103. Canter L, Canter M (1991) Parents on your side: a comprehensive parent involvement program for teachers. Lee Canter, Santa Monica, CA
104. Handel R, Goldsmith E (1990) Family-reading a home school partnership. Montclair State College, Montclair, NJ
105. Karweit N, Bond MA (1998) Manual for the story telling and retelling program. Center for Research on Elementary and Middle Schools, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
106. Webster-Stratton C (1984) Randomized trial of two parent-training programs for families with conduct- disordered children. J Consult Clin Psychol 52: 666-678. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.52.4.666 (Pubitemid 15082404)