Gold nanorods in photomedicine

Applications of Nanoscience in Photomedicine

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 221-248

  Kah, J C Y ^a   Yeo, E L L ^a   He, S ^a   Engudar, G ^a  

^a NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Biosensing; Drug delivery; Gold nanorods; Imaging; Photothermal therapy

Indexed keywords

BIOCOMPATIBILITY; CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY; DISEASE CONTROL; DRUG DELIVERY; GOLD; IMAGING TECHNIQUES; NANORODS; PLASMONS; TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY;

BIOSENSING; GOLD NANOROD; PHOTOTHERMAL THERAPY; SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE; SENSING SYSTEMS; STATE OF THE ART; SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION; THERAPEUTIC DELIVERY;

OPTICAL PROPERTIES;

EID: 84940099386     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1533/9781908818782.221     Document Type: Chapter

References (116)

1. Jana N.R., Gearheart L., Murphy C.J. Wet chemical synthesis of high aspect ratio cylindrical gold nanorods. J Physical Chem B 2001, 105(19):4065-4067.
2. Nikoobakht B., El-Sayed M.A. Preparation and growth mechanism of gold nanorods (NRs) using seed-mediated growth method. Chem Mater 2003, 15(10):1957-1962.
3. Jana N.R., Gearheart L., Murphy C.J. Seed-mediated growth approach for shape-controlled synthesis of spheroidal and rod-like gold nanoparticles using a surfactant template. Adv Mater 2001, 13(18):1389-1393.
4. Cheng J., Ge L., Xiong B., He Y. Investigation of pH effect on gold nanorod synthesis. J Chinese Chem Soc 2011, 58(6):822-827.
5. Ye X.C., Jin L.H., Caglayan H., Chen J., Xing G.Z., et al. Improved size-tunable synthesis of monodisperse gold nanorods through the use of aromatic additives. Acs Nano 2012, 6(3):2804-2817.
6. Zweifel D.A., Wei A. Sulfide-arrested growth of gold nanorods. Chem Mater 2005, 17(16):4256-4261.
7. Ali M.R.K., Snyder B., El-Sayed M.A. Synthesis and optical properties of small Au nanorods using a seedless growth technique. Langmuir 2012, 28(25):9807-9815.
8. Sau T.K., Murphy C.J. Seeded high yield synthesis of short Au nanorods in aqueous solution. Langmuir 2004, 20(15):6414-6420.
9. Eustis S., El-Sayed M.A. Why gold nanoparticles are more precious than pretty gold: noble metal surface plasmon resonance and its enhancement of the radiative and nonradiative properties of nanocrystals of different shapes. Chem Soc Rev 2006, 35(3):209-217.
10. Link S., El-Sayed M.A. Spectral properties and relaxation dynamics of surface plasmon electronic oscillations in gold and silver nanodots and nanorods. J Physical Chem B 1999, 103(40):8410-8426.
11. Huang X.H., Neretina S., El-Sayed M.A. Gold nanorods: from synthesis and properties to biological and biomedical applications. Adv Mater 2009, 21(48):4880-4910.
12. Connor E.E., Mwamuka J., Gole A., Murphy C.J., Wyatt M.D. Gold nanoparticles are taken up by human cells but do not cause acute cytotoxicity. Small 2005, 1(3):325-327.
13. Alkilany A.M., Nagaria P.K., Hexel C.R., Shaw T.J., Murphy C.J., Wyatt M.D. Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of gold nanorods: molecular origin of cytotoxicity and surface effects. Small 2009, 5(6):701-708.
14. Alkilany A.M., Nagaria P.K., Wyatt M.D., Murphy C.J. Cation exchange on the surface of gold nanorods with a polymerizable surfactant: polymerization, stability, and toxicity evaluation. Langmuir 2010, 26(12):9328-9333.
15. Gole A., Murphy C.J. Polyelectrolyte-coated gold nanorods: synthesis, characterization and immobilization. Chem Mater 2005, 17(6):1325-1330.
16. Hauck T.S., Ghazani A.A., Chan W.C. Assessing the effect of surface chemistry on gold nanorod uptake, toxicity, and gene expression in mammalian cells. Small 2008, 4(1):153-159.
17. Rayavarapu R.G., Petersen W., Hartsuiker L., Chin P., Janssen H., et al. In vitro toxicity studies of polymer-coated gold nanorods. Nanotechnology 2010, 21(14):145101.
18. Leonov A.P., Zheng J., Clogston J.D., Stern S.T., Patri A.K., Wei A. Detoxification of gold nanorods by treatment with polystyrenesulfonate. Acs Nano 2008, 2(12):2481-2488.
19. Takahashi H., Niidome Y., Niidome T., Kaneko K., Kawasaki H., Yamada S. Modification of gold nanorods using phosphatidylcholine to reduce cytotoxicity. Langmuir 2005, 22(1):2-5.
20. Liao H.W., Hafner J.H. Gold nanorod bioconjugates. Chem Mater 2005, 17(18):4636-4641.
21. Lankveld D.P., Rayavarapu R.G., Krystek P., Oomen A.G., Verharen H.W., et al. Blood clearance and tissue distribution of PEGylated and non-PEGylated gold nanorods after intravenous administration in rats. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011, 6(2):339-349.
22. Niidome T., Yamagata M., Okamoto Y., Akiyama Y., Takahashi H., et al. PEG-modified gold nanorods with a stealth character for in vivo applications. J Control Release 2006, 114(3):343-347.
23. Arnida, Janát-Amsbury M.M., Ray A., Peterson C.M., Ghandehari H. Geometry and surface characteristics of gold nanoparticles influence their biodistribution and uptake by macrophages. Eur J Pharmaceutics Biopharmaceutics 2011, 77(3):417-423.
24. Ahmed K., Zaidi S.F. Treating cancer with heat: hyperthermia as promising strategy to enhance apoptosis. J Pak Med Assoc 2013, 63(4):504-508.
25. van der Zee J. Heating the patient: a promising approach?. Ann Oncol 2002, 13(8):1173-1184.
26. Corry P.M., Armour E.P. The heat shock response: role in radiation biology and cancer therapy. Int J Hypertherm 2005, 21(8):769-778.
27. Stahl H., Wust P., Graf R., Loffel J., Bier J., et al. A phase-I/II study on the local hyperthermia of cervical N2/N3 lymph node metastases. Strahlenther Onkol 1997, 173(4):219-229.
28. Winter A., Laing J., Paglione R., Sterzer F. Microwave hyperthermia for brain tumors. Neurosurgery 1985, 17(3):387-399.
29. Zhai L., Sun F.C., Jiang J.W., Xiao X.L., Qian X.P., et al. Development and application of ultrasound technology for hyperthermia. Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi 2002, 26(4):280-283.
30. Sperlongano P., Pisaniello D., Parmeggiani D., Sordelli I., Piatto A., et al. Interstitial laser photocoagulation in liver tumours: our experience. G Chir 2005, 26(8-9):328-332.
31. Soncin M., Busetti A., Fusi F., Jori G., Rodgers M.A.J. Irradiation of amelanotic melanoma cells with 532nm high peak power pulsed laser radiation in the presence of the photothermal sensitizer Cu(II)hematoporphyrin: A new approach to cell photoinactivation. Photochem Photobiol 1999, 69(6):708-712.
32. Yaseen M.A., Diagaradjane P., Pikkula B.M., Yu J., Wong M.S., Anvaria B. Photothermal and photochemical effects of laser light absorption by indocyanine green (ICG). Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XVI 2005, 5695:27-35.
33. Isak S.J., Eyring E.M., Spikes J.D., Meekins P.A. Direct blue dye solutions: photo properties. J Photochem Photobiol a-Chem 2000, 134(1-2):77-85.
34. Wainwright M., Burrow S.M., Guinot S.G.R., Phoenix D.A., Waring J. Uptake and cell-killing activities of a series of Victoria blue derivatives in a mouse mammary tumour cell line. Cytotechnology 1999, 29(1):35-43.
35. Lal S., Clare S.E., Halas N.J. Nanoshell-enabled photothermal cancer therapy: impending clinical impact. Accounts Chem Res 2008, 41(12):1842-1851.
36. Jain P.K., Lee K.S., El-Sayed I.H., El-Sayed M.A. Calculated absorption and scattering properties of gold nanoparticles of different size, shape, and composition: applications in biological imaging and biomedicine. J Physical Chem B 2006, 110(14):7238-7248.
37. Link S., El-Sayed M.A. Shape and size dependence of radiative, non-radiative and photothermal properties of gold nanocrystals. Int Rev Physical Chem 2000, 19(3):409-453.
38. Harris N., Ford M.J., Cortie M.B. Optimization of plasmonic heating by gold nanospheres and nanoshells. J Physical Chem B 2006, 110(22):10701-10707.
39. Hu M., Hartland G.V. Heat dissipation for Au particles in aqueous solution: relaxation time versus size. J Physical Chem B 2002, 106(28):7029-7033.
40. Pitsillides C.M., Joe E.K., Wei X.B., Anderson R.R., Lin C.P. Selective cell targeting with light-absorbing microparticles and nanoparticles. Biophys J 2003, 84(6):4023-4032.
41. Huang X., Jain P.K., El-Sayed I.H., El-Sayed M.A. Plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) using gold nanoparticles. Lasers Med Sci 2008, 23(3):217-228.
42. Zharov V.P., Galitovskaya E.N., Johnson C., Kelly T. Synergistic enhancement of selective nanophotothermolysis with gold nanoclusters: potential for cancer therapy. Lasers Surg Med 2005, 37(3):219-226.
43. Huang X.H., El-Sayed I.H., Qian W., El-Sayed M.A. Cancer cell imaging and photothermal therapy in the near-infrared region by using gold nanorods. J Am Chem Soc 2006, 128(6):2115-2120.
44. Dickerson E.B., Dreaden E.C., Huang X.H., El-Sayed I.H., Chu H.H., et al. Gold nanorod assisted near-infrared plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) of squamous cell carcinoma in mice. Cancer Lett 2008, 269(1):57-66.
45. Norman R.S., Stone J.W., Gole A., Murphy C.J., Sabo-Attwood T.L. Targeted photothermal lysis of the pathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with gold nanorods. Nano Lett 2008, 8(1):302-306.
46. Pissuwan D., Valenzuela S.M., Miller C.M., Cortie M.B. A golden bullet? Selective targeting of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites using antibody-functionalized gold nanorods. Nano Lett 2007, 7(12):3808-3812.
47. Rossi F., Matteini P., Ratto F., Menabuoni L., Lenzetti I., Pini R. Laser tissue welding in ophthalmic surgery. J Biophotonics 2008, 1(4):331-342.
48. Matteini P., Ratto F., Rossi F., Centi S., Dei L., Pini R. Chitosan films doped with gold nanorods as laser-activatable hybrid bioadhesives. Adv Mater 2010, 22(38):4313-4316.
49. Matteini P., Ratto F., Rossi F., Rossi G., Esposito G., et al. In vivo carotid artery closure by laser activation of hyaluronan-embedded gold nanorods. J Biomed Optics 2010, 15(4):041508.
50. Ratto F., Matteini P., Rossi F., Menabuoni L., Tiwari N., et al. Photothermal effects in connective tissues mediated by laser-activated gold nanorods. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2009, 5(2):143-151.
51. Pandey S., Shah R., Mewada A., Thakur M., Oza G., Sharon M. Gold nanorods mediated controlled release of doxorubicin: nano-needles for efficient drug delivery. J Mater Sci-Mater Med 2013, 24(7):1671-1681.
52. Xiao Y., Hong H., Matson V.Z., Javadi A., Xu W., et al. Gold nanorods conjugated with doxorubicin and cRGD for combined anticancer drug delivery and PET imaging. Theranostics 2012, 2(8):757-768.
53. Huang H.C., Barua S., Kay D.B., Rege K. Simultaneous enhancement of photothermal stability and gene delivery efficacy of gold nanorods using polyelectrolytes. Acs Nano 2009, 3(10):2941-2952.
54. Huang J.Y., Jackson K.S., Murphy C.J. Polyelectrolyte wrapping layers control rates of photothermal molecular release from gold nanorods. Nano Lett 2012, 12(6):2982-2987.
55. Kah J.C., Chen J., Zubieta A., Hamad-Schifferli K. Exploiting the protein corona around gold nanorods for loading and triggered release. Acs Nano 2012, 6(8):6730-6740.
56. Li Z., Huang P., Zhang X., Lin J., Yang S., et al. RGD-conjugated dendrimer-modified gold nanorods for in vivo tumor targeting and photothermal therapy. Mol Pharmaceut 2009, 7(1):94-104.
57. Huang Y.F., Chang H.T., Tan W. Cancer cell targeting using multiple aptamers conjugated on nanorods. Anal Chem 2008, 80(3):567-572.
58. Oyelere A.K., Chen P.C., Huang X., El-Sayed I.H., El-Sayed M.A. Peptide-conjugated gold nanorods for nuclear targeting. Bioconjug Chem 2007, 18(5):1490-1497.
59. Rostro-Kohanloo B.C., Bickford L.R., Payne C.M., Day E.S., Anderson L.J., et al. The stabilization and targeting of surfactant-synthesized gold nanorods. Nanotechnology 2009, 20(43):434005.
60. Adura C., Guerrero S., Salas E., Medel L., Riveros A., et al. Stable conjugates of peptides with gold nanorods for biomedical applications with reduced effects on cell viability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013, 5(10):4076-4085.
61. Kozlovskaya V., Kharlampieva E., Khanal B.P., Manna P., Zubarev E.R., Tsukruk V.V. Ultrathin layer-by-layer hydrogels with incorporated gold nanorods as pH-sensitive optical materials. Chem Mater 2008, 20(24):7474-7485.
62. Jang B., Choi Y. Photosensitizer-conjugated gold nanorods for enzyme-activatable fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy. Theranostics 2012, 2(2):190-197.
63. Schroeder A., Avnir Y., Weisman S., Najajreh Y., Gabizon A., et al. Controlling liposomal drug release with low frequency ultrasound: mechanism and feasibility. Langmuir 2007, 23:4019-4025.
64. Derfus A.M., von Maltzahn G., Harris T.J., Duza T., Vecchio K.S., et al. Remotely triggered release from magnetic nanoparticles. Adv Mater 2007, 19:3932-3936.
65. Wei Q., Ji J., Shen J. Synthesis of near-infrared responsive gold nanorod/PNIPAMm core/shell nanohybrids via surface initiated ATRP for smart drug delivery. Macromol Rapid Communications 2008, 29:645-650.
66. Alper J., Crespo M., Hamad-Schifferli K. Release mechanism of octadecyl rhodamine B chloride from Au nanorods by ultrafast laser pulses. J Physical Chem C 2009, 113(15):5967-5973.
67. Chen C.C., Lin Y.P., Wang C.W., Tzeng H.C., Wu C.H., et al. DNA-gold nanorod conjugates for remote control of localized gene expression by near infrared irradiation. J Am Chem Soc 2006, 128(11):3709-3715.
68. Takahashi H., Niidome Y., Yamada S. Controlled release of plasmid DNA from gold nanorods induced by pulsed near-infrared light. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005, 17:2247-2249.
69. Wijaya A., Schaffer S.B., Pallares I.G., Hamad-Schifferli K. Selective release of multiple DNA oligonucleotides from gold nanorods. Acs Nano 2009, 3(1):80-86.
70. Jang B., Park J.Y., Tung C.H., Kim I.H., Choi Y. Gold nanorod-photosensitizer complex for near-infrared fluorescence imaging and photodynamic/photothermal therapy in vivo. Acs Nano 2011, 5(2):1086-1094.
71. Hironobu T., Takuro N., Ayuko N., Yasuro N., Sunao Y. Photothermal reshaping of gold nanorods prevents further cell death. Nanotechnology 2006, 17(17):4431.
72. Horiguchi Y., Honda K., Kato Y., Nakashima N., Niidome Y. Photothermal reshaping of gold nanorods depends on the passivating layers of the nanorod surfaces. Langmuir 2008, 24(20):12026-12031.
73. Choi W.I., Kim J.Y., Kang C., Byeon C.C., Kim Y.H., Tae G. Tumor regression in vivo by photothermal therapy based on gold-nanorod-loaded, functional nanocarriers. Acs Nano 2011, 5(3):1995-2003.
74. Shiotani A., Mori T., Niidome T., Niidome Y., Katayama Y. Stable incorporation of gold nanorods into N-Isopropylacrylamide hyrdogels and their rapid shrinkage induced by near-infrared laser irradiation. Langmuir 2007, 23:4012-4018.
75. Agarwal A., Mackey M.A., El-Sayed M.A., Bellamkonda R.V. Remote triggered release of doxorubicin in tumors by synergistic application of thermosensitive liposomes and gold nanorods. Acs Nano 2011, 5(6):4919-4926.
76. Gibson A.P., Hebden J.C., Arridge S.R. Recent advances in diffuse optical imaging. Phys Med Biol 2005, 50(4):R1-R43.
77. Hoffman A., Goetz M., Vieth M., Galle P.R., Neurath M.F., Kiesslich R. Confocal laser endomicroscopy: technical status and current indications. Endoscopy 2006, 38(12):1275-1283.
78. Huang D., Swanson E.A., Lin C.P., Schuman J.S., Stinson W.G., et al. Optical coherence tomography. Science 1991, 254(5035):1178-1181.
79. Rajadhyaksha M., Grossman M., Esterowitz D., Webb R.H. In-vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy of human skin - melanin provides strong contrast. J Invest Dermatol 1995, 104(6):946-952.
80. Fujimoto J.G., Brezinski M.E., Tearney G.J., Boppart S.A., Bouma B., et al. Optical biopsy and imaging using optical coherence tomography. Nat Med 1995, 1(9):970-972.
81. White W.M., Baldassano M., Rajadhyaksha M., Gonzalez S., Tearney G.J., et al. Confocal reflectance Imaging of head and neck surgical specimens - a comparison with histologic analysis. Arch Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2004, 130(8):923-928.
82. Wilder-Smith P., Jung W.G., Brenner M., Osann K., Beydoun H., et al. In vivo optical coherence tomography for the diagnosis of oral malignancy. Lasers Surg Med 2004, 35(4):269-275.
83. Xie T.Q., Zeidel M.L., Pan Y.T. Detection of tumorigenesis in urinary bladder with optical coherence tomography: optical characterization of morphological changes. Optics Express 2002, 10(24):1431-1443.
84. Zheng W., Harris M., Kho K.W., Thong P.S.P., Hibbs A., et al. Confocal endomicroscopic imaging of normal and neoplastic human tongue tissue using ALA-induced-PPIX fluorescence: A preliminary study. Oncol Reports 2004, 12(2):397-401.
85. Wickline S.A., Lanza G.M. Molecular imaging, targeted therapeutics, and nanoscience. J Cell Biochem 2002, 39:90-97.
86. Rayavarapu R.G., Petersen W., Ungureanu C., Post J.N., van Leeuwen T.G., Manohar S. Synthesis and bioconjugation of gold nanoparticles as potential molecular probes for light-based imaging techniques. Int J Biomed Imaging 2007, 29817.
87. Pissuwan D., Valenzuela S.M., Cortie M.B. Prospects for gold nanorod particles in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Biotechnol Genetic Engin Rev 2008, 25:93-112.
88. Koenig F., Knittel J., Stepp H. Diagnosing cancer in vivo. Science 2001, 292(5520):1401.
89. Manfrini O., Mont E., Leone O., Arbustini E., Eusebi V., et al. Sources of error and interpretation of plaque morphology by optical coherence tomography. Am J Cardiol 2006, 98(2):156-159.
90. Troutman T.S., Barton J.K., Romanowski M. Optical coherence tomography with plasmon resonant nanorods of gold. Optics Lett 2007, 32(11):1438-1440.
91. Oldenburg A.L., Hansen M.N., Zweifel D.A., Wei A., Boppart S.A. Plasmon-resonant gold nanorods as low backscattering albedo contrast agents for optical coherence tomography. Optics Express 2006, 14(15):6724-6738.
92. Oldenburg A.L., Hansen M.N., Ralston T.S., Wei A., Boppart S.A. Imaging gold nanorods in excised human breast carcinoma by spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. J Mater Chem 2009, 19(35):6407-6411.
93. Tucker-Schwartz J.M., Meyer T.A., Patil C.A., Duvall C.L., Skala M.C. In vivo photothermal optical coherence tomography of gold nanorod contrast agents. Biomed Optics Express 2012, 3(11):2881-2895.
94. Durr N.J., Larson T., Smith D.K., Korgel B.A., Sokolov K., Ben-Yakar A. Two-photon luminescence imaging of cancer cells using molecularly targeted gold nanorods. Nano Letters 2007, 7(4):941-945.
95. Wang H., Huff T.B., Zweifel D.A., He W., Low P.S., et al. In vitro and in vivo two-photon luminescence imaging of single gold nanorods. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 102(44):15752-15756.
96. Eghtedari M., Oraevsky A., Copland J.A., Kotov N.A., Conjusteau A., Motamedi M. High sensitivity of in vivo detection of gold nanorods using a laser optoacoustic imaging system. Nano Lett 2007, 7(7):1914-1918.
97. Taruttis A., Herzog E., Razansky D., Ntziachristos V. Real-time imaging of cardiovascular dynamics and circulating gold nanorods with multispectral optoacoustic tomography. Optics Express 2010, 18(19):19592-19602.
98. Loo C., Hirsch L., Lee M.H., Chang E., West J., et al. Gold nanoshell bioconjugates for molecular imaging in living cells. Opt Lett 2005, 30(9):1012-1014.
99. Loo C., Lowery A., Halas N., West J., Drezek R. Immunotargeted nanoshells for integrated cancer imaging and therapy. Nano Lett 2005, 5(4):709-711.
100. Loo C., Lin A., Hirsch L., Lee M.H., Barton J., et al. Nanoshell-enabled photonics-based imaging and therapy of cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2004, 3(1):33-40.
101. Paciotti G.F., Myer L., Weinreich D., Goia D., Pavel N., et al. Colloidal gold: a novel nanoparticle vector for tumor directed drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2004, 11(3):169-183.
102. Sokolov K., Follen M., Aaron J., Pavlova I., Malpica A., et al. Real-time vital optical imaging of precancer using anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies conjugated to gold nanoparticles. Cancer Res 2003, 63(9):1999-2004.
103. Loo C., Hirsch L., Lee M.H., Chang E., West J., et al. Gold nanoshell bioconjugates for molecular imaging in living cells. Optics Lett 2005, 30(9):1012-1014.
104. Zhou Y., Wu X., Wang T., Ming T., Wang P.N., et al. A comparison study of detecting gold nanorods in living cells with confocal reflectance microscopy and two-photon fluorescence microscopy. J Microsc 2010, 237(2):200-207.
105. Li P.C., Wang C.R., Shieh D.B., Wei C.W., Liao C.K., et al. In vivo photoacoustic molecular imaging with simultaneous multiple selective targeting using antibody-conjugated gold nanorods. Optics Express 2008, 16(23):18605-18615.
106. Li C.Z., Male K.B., Hrapovic S., Luong J.H.T. Fluorescence properties of gold nanorods and their application for DNA biosensing. Chem Communications 2005, 31:3924-3926.
107. Alekseeva A.V., Bogatyrev V.A., Dykman L.A., Khlebtsov B.N., Trachuk L.A., et al. Preparation and optical scattering characterization of gold nanorods and their application to a dot-immunogold assay. Applied Optics 2005, 44(29):6285-6295.
108. Mayer K.M., Lee S., Liao H., Rostro B.C., Fuentes A., et al. A label-free immunoassay based upon localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanorods. Acs Nano 2008, 2(4):687-692.
109. Nikoobakht B., Wang J.P., El-Sayed M.A. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of molecules adsorbed on gold nanorods: off-surface plasmon resonance condition. Chem Phys Lett 2002, 366(1-2):17-23.
110. Smitha S.L., Gopchandran K.G., Ravindran T.R., Prasad V.S. Gold nanorods with finely tunable longitudinal surface plasmon resonance as SERS substrates. Nanotechnology 2011, 22(26):265705.
111. Kneipp K., Wang Y., Kneipp H., Perelman L.T., Itzkan I., et al. Single molecule detection using surface-enhanced. Raman scattering (SERS) Phys Rev Lett 1997, 78(9):1667-1670.
112. Wang Z., Zong S., Yang J., Song C., Li J., Cui Y. One-step functionalized gold nanorods as intracellular probe with improved SERS performance and reduced cytotoxicity. Biosensors Bioelectron 2010, 26(1):241-247.
113. Qian X., Peng X.H., Ansari D.O., Yin-Goen Q., Chen G.Z., et al. In vivo tumor targeting and spectroscopic detection with surface-enhanced Raman nanoparticle tags. Nat Biotechnol 2008, 26(1):83-90.
114. Boca S.C., Astilean S. Detoxification of gold nanorods by conjugation with thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) and their assessment as SERS-active carriers of Raman tags. Nanotechnology 2010, 21(23):235601.
115. Wachsmann-Hogiu S., Weeks T., Huser T. Chemical analysis in vivo and in vitro by Raman spectroscopy-from single cells to humans. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2009, 20(1):63-73.
116. Lin D., Feng S., Pan J., Chen Y., Lin J., et al. Colorectal cancer detection by gold nanoparticle based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of blood serum and statistical analysis. Optics Express 2011, 19(14):13565-13577.