A multicenter prospective study of infections related morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis of liver

Indian Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 33, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 336-342

  Baijal, Rajiv ^a   Amarapurkar, Deepak ^a,b   Praveen Kumar, H R ^a   Kulkarni, Sandeep ^a   Shah, Nimish ^a   Doshi, Soham ^a   Gupta, Deepak ^a   Jain, Mayank ^c   Patel, Nikhil ^d   Kamani, Praful ^e   Issar, S K ^f   Dharod, Mrudul ^b   Shah, Apoorva ^b   Chandnani, Madhuri ^b   Gautam, Sonali ^b  

^a Jagjivan Ram Hospital   (India)

^b BOMBAY HOSPITAL   (India)

^c CHOITHRAM HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTRE   (India)

^d Jeevandeep Hospital   (India)

^e Department of Critical Care Wockhardt Hospital   (India)

^f Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology Bhilai Mahila Mahavidyalaya   (India)

Author keywords

End stage liver disease

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; BACTERIAL INFECTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED INFECTION; COMPLICATION; CROSS INFECTION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MULTICENTER STUDY; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; SURVIVAL RATE; TIME;

ADULT; AGED; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; CROSS INFECTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORBIDITY; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SURVIVAL RATE; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84939891930     PISSN: 02548860     EISSN: 09750711     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12664-014-0461-3     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Bajaj JS, O'Leary JG, Wong FK, Reddy KR, Kamath PS. Bacterial infections in end-stage liver disease: current challenges and future directions. Gut. 2012;61:1219–25.
2. Wong F, Bernardi M, Balk R, et al. Sepsis in cirrhosis: report on the 7th meeting of the International Ascites Club. Gut. 2005;54:718–25.
3. Caly WR, Strauss E. A prospective study of bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 1993;18:353–8.
4. Arvaniti V, D’Amico G, Fede G, et al. Infections in patients with cirrhosis increase mortality four-fold and should be used in determining prognosis. Gastroenterology. 2010;139:1246–56.
5. Fernandez J, Navasa M, Gomez J, et al. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis. Hepatology. 2002;35:140–8.
6. Merli M, Lucidi C, Giannelli V, et al. Cirrhotic patients are at risk for HCA bacterial infections. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;8:979–85.
7. Fernandez J, Acevedo J, Castro M, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of infections by multiresistant bacteria in cirrhosis: a prospective study. Hepatology. 2012;55:1551–61.
8. Campillo B, Dupeyron C, Richardet JP, Mangeney N, Georges L. Epidemiology of severe hospital-acquired infections in patients with liver cirrhosis: effect of long-term administration of norfloxacin. Clini Infect Dis. 1998;26:1066–70.
9. Bajaj JS, O’Leary JG, Reddy KR, et al. Second infections independently increase mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: the North American consortium for the study of end-stage liver disease (NACSELD) experience. Hepatology. 2012;56:2328–35.
10. Jain AK, Sircar S, Jain M, Adkar S, Waghmare C, Chahwala F. Acute febrile illness in cirrhosis—thinking beyond spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Trop Doct. 2012;42:200–2.
11. Mohan P, Ramu B, Bhaskar E, Venkataraman J. Prevalence and risk factors for bacterial skin infection and mortality in cirrhosis. Ann Hepatol. 2011;10:15–20.
12. Pugh RN, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, Pietroni MC, Williams R. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br J Surg. 1973;60:646–9.
13. Kamath PS, Wiesner RH, Malinchoc M, et al. A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology. 2001;33:464–70.
14. Guarner C, Soriano G. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Sem Liver Dis. 1997;17:203–17.
15. Runyon BA, Canawati HN, Akriviadis EA. Optimization of ascitic fluid culture technique. Gastroenterology. 1988;95:1351–5.
16. Salerno F, Gerbes A, Gines P, Wong F, Arroyo V. Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. Gut. 2007;56:1310–18.
17. Conn HO, Leevy CM, Vlahcevic ZR, et al. Comparison of lactulose and neomycin in the treatment of chronic portal systemic encephalopathy. A double blind controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 1977;72:573–83.
18. Sarin SK, Kumar A, Almeida JA, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the study of the liver (APASL). Hepatol Int. 2009;3:269–82.
19. Lo GH, Lai KH, Shen MT, Chang CF. A comparison of the incidence of transient bacteremia and infectious sequelae after sclerotherapy and rubber band ligation of bleeding esophageal varices. Gastrointest Endosc. 1994;40:675–9.
20. Rimola A, Navasa M. Infections in liver disease. In: Bircher J, Benhamou JP, McIntyre N, Rizzetto M, Rodes J, (eds). Oxford Textbook of Clinical Hepatology. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999. pp.1861–74.
21. Llach J, Elizalde JI, Bordas JM, et al. Prospective assessment of the risk of bacteremia in cirrhotic patients undergoing lower intestinal endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;49:214–17.
22. Sobel JD, Kaye D. Urinary tract infections. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, (eds). Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1995. pp. 662–90.
23. Friedman ND, Kaye KS, Stout JE, et al. Health care associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of CA infections. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:791–7.
24. Valenti WM, Chiarello LA. Overview of hospital infection control and nosocomial infections. In: Resse RE, Douglas RG Jr, (eds). A Practical Approach to Infectious Diseases. Boston, MA: Lippincott; 1986. pp. 545–55.
25. Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock, 2012. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39:165–228.
26. Falagas ME, Koletsi PK, Bliziotis IA. The diversity of definitions of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) Acineto-bacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Microbiol. 2006;55:1619–29.
27. Rupp ME, Fey PD. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae: considerations for diagnosis, prevention and drug treatment. Drugs. 2003;63:353–65.
28. Fasolato S, Angeli P, Dallagnese L, et al. Renal failure and bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis: epidemiology and clinical features. Hepatology. 2007;45:223–9.
29. Gustot T, Durand F, Lebrec D, Vincent JL, Moreau R. Severe sepsis in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2009;50:2022–33.
30. Garcia Tsao G, Wiest R. Gut microflora in the pathogenesis of the complications of cirrhosis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2004;18:353–72.
31. Taneja SK, Dhiman RK. Prevention and management of bacterial infections in cirrhosis. Int J Hepatol. 2011;2011:784540.
32. Goulis J, Armonis A, Patch D, Sabin C, Greenslade L, Burroughs AK. Bacterial infection is independently associated with failure to control bleeding in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Hepatology. 1998;27:1207–12.
33. Rongey C, Lim NH, Runyon BA. Cellulitis in patients with cirrhosis and edema: an under-recognized complication currently more common that spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Open Gastro J. 2008;2:24–7.
34. Runyon BA. AASLD Practice Guidelines Committee. Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis: an update. Hepatology. 2012;49:2087–107.
35. Perez PM, Munoz J, Albillos A, et al. Effect of propranolol on the factors promoting bacterial translocation in cirrhotic rats with ascites. Hepatology. 2000;31:43–8.
36. Reiberger T, Ferlitsch A, Payer BA, et al. Nonselective beta-blocker therapy decreases intestinal permeability and serum levels of LBP and IL-6 in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2012;58:911–21.
37. Bajaj JS, Ratliff SM, Heuman DM, Lapane KL. Non-selective beta-blockers are not associated with serious infections in veterans with cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;38:407–14.
38. Bajaj JS, Ratliff SM, Heuman DM, Lapane KL. Proton pump inhibitors are associated with a high rate of serious infections in veterans with decompensated cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012;36:866–74.
39. Tandon P, Garcia-Tsao G. Bacterial infections, sepsis, and multiorgan failure in cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis. 2008;28:26–42.
40. Christou L, Pappas G, Falagas ME. Bacterial infection-related morbidity andmortality in cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:1510–17.
41. Jun DW, Kim KT, Lee OY, et al. Association between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and peripheral bacterial DNA in cirrhotic patients. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55:1465–71.