메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 39, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 273-282

Glycemic variability: How do we measure it and why is it important?

Author keywords

Diabetes complications; Diabetes mellitus; Glycemic variability

Indexed keywords

1,5 ANHYDROSORBITOL; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; GLYCOSYLATED ALBUMIN; HEMOGLOBIN A1C;

EID: 84939810275     PISSN: 22336079     EISSN: 22336087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2015.39.4.273     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (291)

References (63)
  • 2
    • 84860118180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose fluctuations in subjects with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose regulation and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Wang C, Lv L, Yang Y, Chen D, Liu G, Chen L, Song Y, He L, Li X, Tian H, Jia W, Ran X. Glucose fluctuations in subjects with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose regulation and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012; 76:810-5.
    • (2012) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.76 , pp. 810-815
    • Wang, C.1    Lv, L.2    Yang, Y.3    Chen, D.4    Liu, G.5    Chen, L.6    Song, Y.7    He, L.8    Li, X.9    Tian, H.10    Jia, W.11    Ran, X.12
  • 3
    • 79956191918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decrease in glucose variability does not reduce cardiovascular event rates in type 2 diabetic patients after acute myocardial infarction: a reanalysis of the HEART2D study
    • Siegelaar SE, Kerr L, Jacober SJ, Devries JH. A decrease in glucose variability does not reduce cardiovascular event rates in type 2 diabetic patients after acute myocardial infarction: a reanalysis of the HEART2D study. Diabetes Care 2011;34:855-7.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. 855-857
    • Siegelaar, S.E.1    Kerr, L.2    Jacober, S.J.3    Devries, J.H.4
  • 4
    • 33644832167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postprandial blood glucose is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular events than fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in women: lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study
    • Cavalot F, Petrelli A, Traversa M, Bonomo K, Fiora E, Conti M, Anfossi G, Costa G, Trovati M. Postprandial blood glucose is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular events than fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in women: lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:813-9.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 813-819
    • Cavalot, F.1    Petrelli, A.2    Traversa, M.3    Bonomo, K.4    Fiora, E.5    Conti, M.6    Anfossi, G.7    Costa, G.8    Trovati, M.9
  • 5
    • 0033957393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fasting plasma glucose variability predicts 10-year survival of type 2 diabetic patients: the Verona Diabetes Study
    • Muggeo M, Zoppini G, Bonora E, Brun E, Bonadonna RC, Moghetti P, Verlato G. Fasting plasma glucose variability predicts 10-year survival of type 2 diabetic patients: the Verona Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 2000;23:45-50.
    • (2000) Diabetes Care , vol.23 , pp. 45-50
    • Muggeo, M.1    Zoppini, G.2    Bonora, E.3    Brun, E.4    Bonadonna, R.C.5    Moghetti, P.6    Verlato, G.7
  • 6
    • 77953637843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycaemic variability and complications in patients with diabetes mellitus: evidence from a systematic review of the literature
    • Nalysnyk L, Hernandez-Medina M, Krishnarajah G. Glycaemic variability and complications in patients with diabetes mellitus: evidence from a systematic review of the literature. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010;12:288-98.
    • (2010) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.12 , pp. 288-298
    • Nalysnyk, L.1    Hernandez-Medina, M.2    Krishnarajah, G.3
  • 8
    • 0035199659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent high glucose enhances apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture
    • Risso A, Mercuri F, Quagliaro L, Damante G, Ceriello A. Intermittent high glucose enhances apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001;281:E924-30.
    • (2001) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.281 , pp. E924-E930
    • Risso, A.1    Mercuri, F.2    Quagliaro, L.3    Damante, G.4    Ceriello, A.5
  • 9
    • 84883225040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do data in the literature indicate that glycaemic variability is a clinical problem? Glycaemic variability and vascular complications of diabetes.
    • Cavalot F. Do data in the literature indicate that glycaemic variability is a clinical problem? Glycaemic variability and vascular complications of diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;15 Suppl 2:3-8.
    • (2013) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.15 , pp. 3-8
    • Cavalot, F.1
  • 11
    • 84921650596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the association between glycemic variability and diabetes-related complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes
    • Smith-Palmer J, Brandle M, Trevisan R, Orsini Federici M, Liabat S, Valentine W. Assessment of the association between glycemic variability and diabetes-related complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014;105:273-84.
    • (2014) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.105 , pp. 273-284
    • Smith-Palmer, J.1    Brandle, M.2    Trevisan, R.3    Orsini Federici, M.4    Liabat, S.5    Valentine, W.6
  • 12
    • 77956069166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular events
    • Desouza CV, Bolli GB, Fonseca V. Hypoglycemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular events. Diabetes Care 2010;33:1389-94.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , pp. 1389-1394
    • Desouza, C.V.1    Bolli, G.B.2    Fonseca, V.3
  • 13
    • 79959774659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postprandial hyperglycemia and glycemic variability: should we care?
    • Standl E, Schnell O, Ceriello A. Postprandial hyperglycemia and glycemic variability: should we care? Diabetes Care 2011; 34 Suppl 2:S120-7.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. S120-S127
    • Standl, E.1    Schnell, O.2    Ceriello, A.3
  • 14
    • 34848852011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between glycated haemoglobin levels and mean glucose levels over time
    • Nathan DM, Turgeon H, Regan S. Relationship between glycated haemoglobin levels and mean glucose levels over time. Diabetologia 2007;50:2239-44.
    • (2007) Diabetologia , vol.50 , pp. 2239-2244
    • Nathan, D.M.1    Turgeon, H.2    Regan, S.3
  • 15
    • 0042166232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients: variations with increasing levels of HbA(1c)
    • Monnier L, Lapinski H, Colette C. Contributions of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients: variations with increasing levels of HbA(1c). Diabetes Care 2003;26:881-5.
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , pp. 881-885
    • Monnier, L.1    Lapinski, H.2    Colette, C.3
  • 16
    • 84927175230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strong correlation between glycaemic variability and total glucose exposure in type 2 diabetes is limited to subjects with satisfactory glycaemic control
    • Suh S, Joung JY, Jin SM, Kim MY, Bae JC, Park HD, Lee MS, Lee MK, Kim JH. Strong correlation between glycaemic variability and total glucose exposure in type 2 diabetes is limited to subjects with satisfactory glycaemic control. Diabetes Metab 2014;40:272-7.
    • (2014) Diabetes Metab , vol.40 , pp. 272-277
    • Suh, S.1    Joung, J.Y.2    Jin, S.M.3    Kim, M.Y.4    Bae, J.C.5    Park, H.D.6    Lee, M.S.7    Lee, M.K.8    Kim, J.H.9
  • 17
    • 70349314777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New and improved methods to characterize glycemic variability using continuous glucose monitoring
    • Rodbard D. New and improved methods to characterize glycemic variability using continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Technol Ther 2009;11:551-65.
    • (2009) Diabetes Technol Ther , vol.11 , pp. 551-565
    • Rodbard, D.1
  • 18
    • 84876560326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose variability
    • Service FJ. Glucose variability. Diabetes 2013;62:1398-404.
    • (2013) Diabetes , vol.62 , pp. 1398-1404
    • Service, F.J.1
  • 19
    • 70349343578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing display, analysis, interpretation and utility of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) data for management of patients with diabetes
    • Rodbard D. Optimizing display, analysis, interpretation and utility of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) data for management of patients with diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2007;1:62-71.
    • (2007) J Diabetes Sci Technol , vol.1 , pp. 62-71
    • Rodbard, D.1
  • 20
    • 84876528007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose variability: where it is important and how to measure it
    • DeVries JH. Glucose variability: where it is important and how to measure it. Diabetes 2013;62:1405-8.
    • (2013) Diabetes , vol.62 , pp. 1405-1408
    • DeVries, J.H.1
  • 21
    • 79960293663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical interpretation of indices of quality of glycemic control and glycemic variability
    • Rodbard D. Clinical interpretation of indices of quality of glycemic control and glycemic variability. Postgrad Med 2011; 123:107-18.
    • (2011) Postgrad Med , vol.123 , pp. 107-118
    • Rodbard, D.1
  • 22
    • 84931023399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between glycemic variability and diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Jun JE, Jin SM, Baek J, Oh S, Hur KY, Lee MS, Lee MK, Kim JH. The association between glycemic variability and diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015;14:70.
    • (2015) Cardiovasc Diabetol , vol.14 , pp. 70
    • Jun, J.E.1    Jin, S.M.2    Baek, J.3    Oh, S.4    Hur, K.Y.5    Lee, M.S.6    Lee, M.K.7    Kim, J.H.8
  • 23
    • 84898791894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical factors associated with absolute and relative measures of glycemic variability determined by continuous glucose monitoring: an analysis of 480 subjects
    • Jin SM, Kim TH, Bae JC, Hur KY, Lee MS, Lee MK, Kim JH. Clinical factors associated with absolute and relative measures of glycemic variability determined by continuous glucose monitoring: an analysis of 480 subjects. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 104:266-72.
    • (2014) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.104 , pp. 266-272
    • Jin, S.M.1    Kim, T.H.2    Bae, J.C.3    Hur, K.Y.4    Lee, M.S.5    Lee, M.K.6    Kim, J.H.7
  • 24
    • 84883246369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How can we monitor glycaemic variability in the clinical setting?
    • Inchiostro S, Candido R, Cavalot F. How can we monitor glycaemic variability in the clinical setting? Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;15 Suppl 2:13-6.
    • (2013) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.15 , pp. 13-16
    • Inchiostro, S.1    Candido, R.2    Cavalot, F.3
  • 25
    • 0019920360 scopus 로고
    • Multiple daily self-glucose monitoring: its essential role in long-term glucose control in insulin-dependent diabetic patients treated with pump and multiple subcutaneous injections
    • Schiffrin A, Belmonte M. Multiple daily self-glucose monitoring: its essential role in long-term glucose control in insulin-dependent diabetic patients treated with pump and multiple subcutaneous injections. Diabetes Care 1982;5:479-84.
    • (1982) Diabetes Care , vol.5 , pp. 479-484
    • Schiffrin, A.1    Belmonte, M.2
  • 26
    • 79952998106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The minimum frequency of glucose measurements from which glycemic variation can be consistently assessed
    • Baghurst PA, Rodbard D, Cameron FJ. The minimum frequency of glucose measurements from which glycemic variation can be consistently assessed. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2010;4:1382-5.
    • (2010) J Diabetes Sci Technol , vol.4 , pp. 1382-1385
    • Baghurst, P.A.1    Rodbard, D.2    Cameron, F.J.3
  • 27
    • 84929145647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (6) Glycemic targets
    • American Diabetes Association. (6) Glycemic targets. Diabetes Care 2015;38 Suppl:S33-40.
    • (2015) Diabetes Care , vol.38 , pp. S33-40
  • 28
    • 84920053521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of 3-day continuous glucose monitoring for improving glucose control in type 2 diabetic patients in clinical practice
    • Kim SK, Kim HJ, Kim T, Hur KY, Kim SW, Lee MK, Min YK, Kim KW, Chung JH, Kim JH. Effectiveness of 3-day continuous glucose monitoring for improving glucose control in type 2 diabetic patients in clinical practice. Diabetes Metab J 2014; 38:449-55.
    • (2014) Diabetes Metab J , vol.38 , pp. 449-455
    • Kim, S.K.1    Kim, H.J.2    Kim, T.3    Hur, K.Y.4    Kim, S.W.5    Lee, M.K.6    Min, Y.K.7    Kim, K.W.8    Chung, J.H.9    Kim, J.H.10
  • 31
    • 84897946717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1,5-Anhydroglucitol and glycated albumin in glycemia
    • Koga M. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol and glycated albumin in glycemia. Adv Clin Chem 2014;64:269-301.
    • (2014) Adv Clin Chem , vol.64 , pp. 269-301
    • Koga, M.1
  • 32
    • 77957740531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical impact of glycated albumin as another glycemic control marker
    • Koga M, Kasayama S. Clinical impact of glycated albumin as another glycemic control marker. Endocr J 2010;57:751-62.
    • (2010) Endocr J , vol.57 , pp. 751-762
    • Koga, M.1    Kasayama, S.2
  • 33
    • 79960253676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycated albumin is a useful glycation index for monitoring fluctuating and poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients
    • Lee EY, Lee BW, Kim D, Lee YH, Kim KJ, Kang ES, Cha BS, Lee EJ, Lee HC. Glycated albumin is a useful glycation index for monitoring fluctuating and poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients. Acta Diabetol 2011;48:167-72.
    • (2011) Acta Diabetol , vol.48 , pp. 167-172
    • Lee, E.Y.1    Lee, B.W.2    Kim, D.3    Lee, Y.H.4    Kim, K.J.5    Kang, E.S.6    Cha, B.S.7    Lee, E.J.8    Lee, H.C.9
  • 35
    • 84872280030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1,5-Anhydroglucitol in diabetes mellitus
    • Kim WJ, Park CY. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol in diabetes mellitus. Endocrine 2013;43:33-40.
    • (2013) Endocrine , vol.43 , pp. 33-40
    • Kim, W.J.1    Park, C.Y.2
  • 36
    • 84928323305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1,5-Anhydroglucitol as a useful marker for assessing short-term glycemic excursions in type 1 diabetes
    • Seok H, Huh JH, Kim HM, Lee BW, Kang ES, Lee HC, Cha BS. 1,5-Anhydroglucitol as a useful marker for assessing short-term glycemic excursions in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2015; 39:164-70.
    • (2015) Diabetes Metab J , vol.39 , pp. 164-170
    • Seok, H.1    Huh, J.H.2    Kim, H.M.3    Lee, B.W.4    Kang, E.S.5    Lee, H.C.6    Cha, B.S.7
  • 37
    • 42449121829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of glycemic exposure on the risk of microvascular complications in the diabetes control and complications trial: revisited
    • Lachin JM, Genuth S, Nathan DM, Zinman B, Rutledge BN; DCCT/EDIC Research Group. Effect of glycemic exposure on the risk of microvascular complications in the diabetes control and complications trial: revisited. Diabetes 2008;57:995-1001.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 995-1001
    • Lachin, J.M.1    Genuth, S.2    Nathan, D.M.3    Zinman, B.4    Rutledge, B.N.5
  • 38
    • 33645732339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic variability: a hemoglobin A1c-independent risk factor for diabetic complications
    • Brownlee M, Hirsch IB. Glycemic variability: a hemoglobin A1c-independent risk factor for diabetic complications. JAMA 2006;295:1707-8.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 1707-1708
    • Brownlee, M.1    Hirsch, I.B.2
  • 39
    • 84878894191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of HbA1c and glucose variability in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: outcome of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
    • Sartore G, Chilelli NC, Burlina S, Di Stefano P, Piarulli F, Fedele D, Mosca A, Lapolla A. The importance of HbA1c and glucose variability in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: outcome of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Acta Diabetol 2012; 49 Suppl 1:S153-60.
    • (2012) Acta Diabetol , vol.49 , pp. S153-S160
    • Sartore, G.1    Chilelli, N.C.2    Burlina, S.3    Di Stefano, P.4    Piarulli, F.5    Fedele, D.6    Mosca, A.7    Lapolla, A.8
  • 40
    • 0036780619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glucose area under the profiles obtained with continuous glucose monitoring system relationships with HbA(lc) in pediatric type 1 diabetic patients
    • Salardi S, Zucchini S, Santoni R, Ragni L, Gualandi S, Cicognani A, Cacciari E. The glucose area under the profiles obtained with continuous glucose monitoring system relationships with HbA(lc) in pediatric type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1840-4.
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. 1840-1844
    • Salardi, S.1    Zucchini, S.2    Santoni, R.3    Ragni, L.4    Gualandi, S.5    Cicognani, A.6    Cacciari, E.7
  • 42
    • 84923081624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic variability and diabetes retinopathy: a missing link
    • Hsu CR, Chen YT, Sheu WH. Glycemic variability and diabetes retinopathy: a missing link. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:302-6.
    • (2015) J Diabetes Complications , vol.29 , pp. 302-306
    • Hsu, C.R.1    Chen, Y.T.2    Sheu, W.H.3
  • 44
    • 0030866140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term instability of fasting plasma glucose, a novel predictor of cardiovascular mortality in elderly patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the Verona Diabetes Study
    • Muggeo M, Verlato G, Bonora E, Zoppini G, Corbellini M, de Marco R. Long-term instability of fasting plasma glucose, a novel predictor of cardiovascular mortality in elderly patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the Verona Diabetes Study. Circulation 1997;96:1750-4.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 1750-1754
    • Muggeo, M.1    Verlato, G.2    Bonora, E.3    Zoppini, G.4    Corbellini, M.5    de Marco, R.6
  • 45
    • 12144251636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postprandial hyperglycemia and diabetes complications: is it time to treat?
    • Ceriello A. Postprandial hyperglycemia and diabetes complications: is it time to treat? Diabetes 2005;54:1-7.
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 1-7
    • Ceriello, A.1
  • 46
    • 0038455703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acarbose treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial
    • Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Karasik A, Laakso M; STOP-NIDDM Trial Research Group. Acarbose treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial. JAMA 2003;290:486-94.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.290 , pp. 486-494
    • Chiasson, J.L.1    Josse, R.G.2    Gomis, R.3    Hanefeld, M.4    Karasik, A.5    Laakso, M.6
  • 47
    • 41149178494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia and acute coronary syndrome: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Diabetes Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism
    • Deedwania P, Kosiborod M, Barrett E, Ceriello A, Isley W, Mazzone T, Raskin P; American Heart Association Diabetes Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Hyperglycemia and acute coronary syndrome: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Diabetes Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation 2008;117:1610-9.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.117 , pp. 1610-1619
    • Deedwania, P.1    Kosiborod, M.2    Barrett, E.3    Ceriello, A.4    Isley, W.5    Mazzone, T.6    Raskin, P.7
  • 49
    • 0032902850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular even A metaregression analysis of published data from 20 studies of 95,783 individuals followed for 12.4 years.
    • Coutinho M, Gerstein HC, Wang Y, Yusuf S. The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events. A metaregression analysis of published data from 20 studies of 95,783 individuals followed for 12.4 years. Diabetes Care 1999;22:233-40.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22 , pp. 233-240
    • Coutinho, M.1    Gerstein, H.C.2    Wang, Y.3    Yusuf, S.4
  • 50
    • 70350539523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A1C variability predicts incident cardiovascular events, microalbuminuria, and overt diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes
    • Waden J, Forsblom C, Thorn LM, Gordin D, Saraheimo M, Groop PH; Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study Group. A1C variability predicts incident cardiovascular events, microalbuminuria, and overt diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2009;58:2649-55.
    • (2009) Diabetes , vol.58 , pp. 2649-2655
    • Waden, J.1    Forsblom, C.2    Thorn, L.M.3    Gordin, D.4    Saraheimo, M.5    Groop, P.H.6
  • 52
    • 29144453326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes
    • Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, Genuth SM, Lachin JM, Orchard TJ, Raskin P, Zinman B; Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Research Group. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2643-53.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 2643-2653
    • Nathan, D.M.1    Cleary, P.A.2    Backlund, J.Y.3    Genuth, S.M.4    Lachin, J.M.5    Orchard, T.J.6    Raskin, P.7    Zinman, B.8
  • 53
    • 31144463399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin pump therapy in preschool children with type 1 diabetes mellitus improves glycemic control and decreases glucose excursions and the risk of hypoglycemia
    • Jeha GS, Karaviti LP, Anderson B, Smith EO, Donaldson S, McGirk TS, Haymond MW. Insulin pump therapy in preschool children with type 1 diabetes mellitus improves glycemic control and decreases glucose excursions and the risk of hypoglycemia. Diabetes Technol Ther 2005;7:876-84.
    • (2005) Diabetes Technol Ther , vol.7 , pp. 876-884
    • Jeha, G.S.1    Karaviti, L.P.2    Anderson, B.3    Smith, E.O.4    Donaldson, S.5    McGirk, T.S.6    Haymond, M.W.7
  • 54
    • 0031006603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia in the diabetes control and complications trial
    • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Hypoglycemia in the diabetes control and complications trial. Diabetes 1997;46:271-86.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 271-286
  • 55
    • 35848934997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relating mean blood glucose and glucose variability to the risk of multiple episodes of hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes
    • Kilpatrick ES, Rigby AS, Goode K, Atkin SL. Relating mean blood glucose and glucose variability to the risk of multiple episodes of hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2007; 50:2553-61.
    • (2007) Diabetologia , vol.50 , pp. 2553-2561
    • Kilpatrick, E.S.1    Rigby, A.S.2    Goode, K.3    Atkin, S.L.4
  • 56
    • 79961004377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-day continuous glucose monitoring for rapid assessment of hypoglycemic events and glycemic variability in type 1 diabetic patients
    • Kim SK, Suh S, Kim MY, Chung HS, Hur KY, Kim SW, Chung JH, Lee MS, Min YK, Kim KW, Kim JH. Three-day continuous glucose monitoring for rapid assessment of hypoglycemic events and glycemic variability in type 1 diabetic patients. Endocr J 2011;58:535-41.
    • (2011) Endocr J , vol.58 , pp. 535-541
    • Kim, S.K.1    Suh, S.2    Kim, M.Y.3    Chung, H.S.4    Hur, K.Y.5    Kim, S.W.6    Chung, J.H.7    Lee, M.S.8    Min, Y.K.9    Kim, K.W.10    Kim, J.H.11
  • 57
    • 41149091612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic variability: should we and can we prevent it?
    • Monnier L, Colette C. Glycemic variability: should we and can we prevent it? Diabetes Care 2008;31 Suppl 2:S150-4.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. S150-S154
    • Monnier, L.1    Colette, C.2
  • 58
    • 55349134410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic variability: a strong independent predictor of mortality in critically ill patients
    • Krinsley JS. Glycemic variability: a strong independent predictor of mortality in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2008;36: 3008-13.
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 3008-3013
    • Krinsley, J.S.1
  • 59
    • 84866793698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic variability and glucose complexity in critically ill patients: a retrospective analysis of continuous glucose monitoring data
    • Brunner R, Adelsmayr G, Herkner H, Madl C, Holzinger U. Glycemic variability and glucose complexity in critically ill patients: a retrospective analysis of continuous glucose monitoring data. Crit Care 2012;16:R175.
    • (2012) Crit Care , vol.16 , pp. R175
    • Brunner, R.1    Adelsmayr, G.2    Herkner, H.3    Madl, C.4    Holzinger, U.5
  • 61
    • 0030831056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonfasting plasma glucose is a better marker of diabetic control than fasting plasma glucose in type 2 diabetes
    • Avignon A, Radauceanu A, Monnier L. Nonfasting plasma glucose is a better marker of diabetic control than fasting plasma glucose in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1997;20:1822-6.
    • (1997) Diabetes Care , vol.20 , pp. 1822-1826
    • Avignon, A.1    Radauceanu, A.2    Monnier, L.3
  • 63
    • 84939808599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin pump risks and benefits: a clinical appraisal of pump safety standards, adverse event reporting, and research needs: a joint statement of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes and the American Diabetes Association Diabetes Technology Working Group
    • Heinemann L, Fleming GA, Petrie JR, Holl RW, Bergenstal RM, Peters AL. Insulin pump risks and benefits: a clinical appraisal of pump safety standards, adverse event reporting, and research needs: a joint statement of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes and the American Diabetes Association Diabetes Technology Working Group. Diabetes Care 2015; 38:716-22.
    • (2015) Diabetes Care , vol.38 , pp. 716-722
    • Heinemann, L.1    Fleming, G.A.2    Petrie, J.R.3    Holl, R.W.4    Bergenstal, R.M.5    Peters, A.L.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.