메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 5, 2015, Pages 1051-1058

Experimental evidence of contagious yawning in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Author keywords

Avian cognition; Contagious yawning; Empathy; Yawning

Indexed keywords

AVES; MAMMALIA; MELOPSITTACUS; MELOPSITTACUS UNDULATUS; PSITTACIDAE;

EID: 84939568443     PISSN: 14359448     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10071-015-0873-1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (56)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 84890880808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response facilitation in the four great apes: is there a role for empathy?
    • Amici F, Aureli F, Call J (2014) Response facilitation in the four great apes: is there a role for empathy? Primates 55:113–118
    • (2014) Primates , vol.55 , pp. 113-118
    • Amici, F.1    Aureli, F.2    Call, J.3
  • 2
    • 17044370463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological influences on yawning in children
    • Anderson JR, Meno P (2003) Psychological influences on yawning in children. Curr Psychol Lett 11:1–7
    • (2003) Curr Psychol Lett , vol.11 , pp. 1-7
    • Anderson, J.R.1    Meno, P.2
  • 4
    • 0342306690 scopus 로고
    • Some comparative aspects of yawning in Betta splendens, Homo sapiens, Panthera leo, and Papio sphinx
    • Baenninger R (1987) Some comparative aspects of yawning in Betta splendens, Homo sapiens, Panthera leo, and Papio sphinx. J Comp Psychol 101:349–354
    • (1987) J Comp Psychol , vol.101 , pp. 349-354
    • Baenninger, R.1
  • 5
    • 0001623755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On yawning and its functions
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3M3gsVOiug%3D%3D
    • Baenninger R (1997) On yawning and its functions. Psychon Bull Rev 4:198–207
    • (1997) Psychon Bull Rev , vol.4 , pp. 198-207
    • Baenninger, R.1
  • 6
    • 49449087274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growing less empathic with age: disinhibition of the self-perspective
    • Bailey PE, Henry JD (2008) Growing less empathic with age: disinhibition of the self-perspective. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 63(4):P219–P226
    • (2008) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci , vol.63 , Issue.4 , pp. P219-P226
    • Bailey, P.E.1    Henry, J.D.2
  • 7
    • 0001281480 scopus 로고
    • Yawning
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaG1M%2FgsFGjsQ%3D%3D
    • Barbizet J (1958) Yawning. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 21(3):203–209
    • (1958) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 203-209
    • Barbizet, J.1
  • 8
    • 84897992876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual variation in contagious yawning susceptibility is highly stable and largely unexplained by empathy or other known factors
    • Bartholomew AJ, Cirulli ET (2014) Individual variation in contagious yawning susceptibility is highly stable and largely unexplained by empathy or other known factors. PLoS ONE 9(3):e91773
    • (2014) PLoS ONE , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. e91773
    • Bartholomew, A.J.1    Cirulli, E.T.2
  • 9
    • 84891624442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contagious yawning, social cognition, and arousal: an investigation of the processes underlying shelter dogs’ responses to human yawns
    • Buttner AP, Strasser R (2014) Contagious yawning, social cognition, and arousal: an investigation of the processes underlying shelter dogs’ responses to human yawns. Anim Cog 17:95–104
    • (2014) Anim Cog , vol.17 , pp. 95-104
    • Buttner, A.P.1    Strasser, R.2
  • 10
    • 79953736041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ingroup-outgroup bias in contagious yawning by chimpanzees supports link to empathy
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXltVWlsr8%3D
    • Campbell MW, De Waal FBM (2011) Ingroup-outgroup bias in contagious yawning by chimpanzees supports link to empathy. PLoS ONE 6(4):e18283
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. e18283
    • Campbell, M.W.1    De Waal, F.B.M.2
  • 11
    • 85003055795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzees empathize with group mates and humans, but not with baboons or unfamiliar chimpanzees
    • Campbell MW, de Waal FBM (2014) Chimpanzees empathize with group mates and humans, but not with baboons or unfamiliar chimpanzees. Proc R Soc B: Biol Sci 281:20140013
    • (2014) Proc R Soc B: Biol Sci , vol.281 , pp. 20140013
    • Campbell, M.W.1    de Waal, F.B.M.2
  • 13
    • 68549103481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associative sequence learning: the role of experience in the development of imitation and the mirror system
    • Catmur C, Walsh V, Heyes C (2009) Associative sequence learning: the role of experience in the development of imitation and the mirror system. Phil Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 364(1528):2369–2380
    • (2009) Phil Trans R Soc B Biol Sci , vol.364 , Issue.1528 , pp. 2369-2380
    • Catmur, C.1    Walsh, V.2    Heyes, C.3
  • 14
    • 84869118911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In bonobos yawn contagion is higher among kin and friends
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhslyisLzM
    • Demuru D, Palagi E (2012) In bonobos yawn contagion is higher among kin and friends. PLoS ONE 7(11):e49613
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7 , Issue.11 , pp. e49613
    • Demuru, D.1    Palagi, E.2
  • 15
    • 80052777634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian maternal response to chick distress
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3MfivFahsA%3D%3D
    • Edgar JL, Lowe JC, Paul ES, Nicol CJ (2011) Avian maternal response to chick distress. Proc R Soc B: Biol Sci 278(1721):3129–3134
    • (2011) Proc R Soc B: Biol Sci , vol.278 , Issue.1721 , pp. 3129-3134
    • Edgar, J.L.1    Lowe, J.C.2    Paul, E.S.3    Nicol, C.J.4
  • 17
    • 0028394641 scopus 로고
    • Vocal plasticity in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus): evidence for social factors in the learning of contact calls
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3ivVyjsA%3D%3D
    • Farabaugh SM, Linzenbold A, Dooling RJ (1994) Vocal plasticity in Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus): evidence for social factors in the learning of contact calls. J Comp Psychol 108(1):81–92
    • (1994) J Comp Psychol , vol.108 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-92
    • Farabaugh, S.M.1    Linzenbold, A.2    Dooling, R.J.3
  • 18
    • 78649904152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do we yawn? Primitive versus derived features
    • Gallup AC (2011) Why do we yawn? Primitive versus derived features. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35:765–769
    • (2011) Neurosci Biobehav Rev , vol.35 , pp. 765-769
    • Gallup, A.C.1
  • 19
    • 84878968005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thermoregulatory theory of yawning: what we know from over 5 years of research
    • Gallup AC, Eldakar OT (2012) The thermoregulatory theory of yawning: what we know from over 5 years of research. Front Neurosci 6:1–13
    • (2012) Front Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 1-13
    • Gallup, A.C.1    Eldakar, O.T.2
  • 20
    • 47749090287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yawning as a brain cooling mechanism: nasal breathing and forehead cooling diminish the incidence of contagious yawning
    • Gallup AC, Gallup GG Jr (2007) Yawning as a brain cooling mechanism: nasal breathing and forehead cooling diminish the incidence of contagious yawning. Evol Psychol 5:92–101
    • (2007) Evol Psychol , vol.5 , pp. 92-101
    • Gallup, A.C.1    Gallup, G.G.2
  • 21
    • 49349102892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yawning and thermoregulation
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVensrvN
    • Gallup AC, Gallup GG Jr (2008) Yawning and thermoregulation. Physiol Behav 95:10–16
    • (2008) Physiol Behav , vol.95 , pp. 10-16
    • Gallup, A.C.1    Gallup, G.G.2
  • 22
    • 84885800843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental trends in a social behaviour: contagious yawning in the elderly
    • Giganti F, Toselli M, Ramat S (2012) Developmental trends in a social behaviour: contagious yawning in the elderly. J Dev Psych 101:111–117
    • (2012) J Dev Psych , vol.101 , pp. 111-117
    • Giganti, F.1    Toselli, M.2    Ramat, S.3
  • 23
    • 84874549098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mirror neuron activity during contagious yawning—an fMRI study
    • Haker H, Kawohl W, Herwig U, Rössler W (2013) Mirror neuron activity during contagious yawning—an fMRI study. Brain Imag Behav 7:28–34
    • (2013) Brain Imag Behav , vol.7 , pp. 28-34
    • Haker, H.1    Kawohl, W.2    Herwig, U.3    Rössler, W.4
  • 24
    • 70350371262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do dogs (Canis familiaris) show contagious yawning?
    • Harr AL, Gilbert VR, Phillips KA (2009) Do dogs (Canis familiaris) show contagious yawning? Anim Cognit 12:833–837
    • (2009) Anim Cognit , vol.12 , pp. 833-837
    • Harr, A.L.1    Gilbert, V.R.2    Phillips, K.A.3
  • 25
    • 0033864208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male vocal imitation produces call convergence during pair bonding in budgerigars, Melopsittacus undulatus
    • Hile AG, Plummer TK, Striedter GF (2000) Male vocal imitation produces call convergence during pair bonding in budgerigars, Melopsittacus undulatus. Anim Behav 59(6):1209–1218
    • (2000) Anim Behav , vol.59 , Issue.6 , pp. 1209-1218
    • Hile, A.G.1    Plummer, T.K.2    Striedter, G.F.3
  • 27
    • 84874105085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contagious yawning in domestic dog puppies (Canis lupus familiaris): the effect of ontogeny and emotional closeness on low- level imitation in dogs
    • Madsen EA, Persson T (2013) Contagious yawning in domestic dog puppies (Canis lupus familiaris): the effect of ontogeny and emotional closeness on low- level imitation in dogs. Anim Cognit 16:233–240
    • (2013) Anim Cognit , vol.16 , pp. 233-240
    • Madsen, E.A.1    Persson, T.2
  • 28
    • 84885692599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzees show a developmental increase in susceptibility to contagious yawning: a test of the effect of ontogeny and emotional closeness on yawn contagion
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhs1OisLzL
    • Madsen EA, Persson T, Sayehli S, Lenninger S, Sonesson G (2013) Chimpanzees show a developmental increase in susceptibility to contagious yawning: a test of the effect of ontogeny and emotional closeness on yawn contagion. PLoS ONE 8(10):e76266
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , Issue.10 , pp. e76266
    • Madsen, E.A.1    Persson, T.2    Sayehli, S.3    Lenninger, S.4    Sonesson, G.5
  • 29
    • 84863837801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male yawning is more contagious than female yawning among chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtVKku7bO
    • Massen JJM, Vermunt DA, Sterck EHM (2012) Male yawning is more contagious than female yawning among chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). PLoS ONE 7:e40697
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7 , pp. e40697
    • Massen, J.J.M.1    Vermunt, D.A.2    Sterck, E.H.M.3
  • 30
    • 84899054286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A thermal window for yawning in humans: yawning as a brain cooling mechanism
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXotFyjur4%3D
    • Massen JJM, Dusch K, Eldakar OT, Gallup AC (2014) A thermal window for yawning in humans: yawning as a brain cooling mechanism. Physiol Behav 130:145–148
    • (2014) Physiol Behav , vol.130 , pp. 145-148
    • Massen, J.J.M.1    Dusch, K.2    Eldakar, O.T.3    Gallup, A.C.4
  • 31
    • 85047688695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory disturbances promote the temporal clustering of yawning and stretching in small groups of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus)
    • Miller ML, Gallup AC, Vogel AR, Clark AB (2012a) Auditory disturbances promote the temporal clustering of yawning and stretching in small groups of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). J Comp Psychol 126:324–328
    • (2012) J Comp Psychol , vol.126 , pp. 324-328
    • Miller, M.L.1    Gallup, A.C.2    Vogel, A.R.3    Clark, A.B.4
  • 32
    • 84857142020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for contagious behaviors in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus): an observational study of yawning and stretching
    • Miller ML, Gallup AC, Vogel AR, Vicario SM, Clark AB (2012b) Evidence for contagious behaviors in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus): an observational study of yawning and stretching. Behav Process 89:264–270
    • (2012) Behav Process , vol.89 , pp. 264270
    • Miller, M.L.1    Gallup, A.C.2    Vogel, A.R.3    Vicario, S.M.4    Clark, A.B.5
  • 33
    • 77956472621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ‘Virtual parrots’ confirm mating preferences of female budgerigars
    • Moravec ML, Striedter GF, Burley NT (2010) ‘Virtual parrots’ confirm mating preferences of female budgerigars. Ethology 116(10):961–971
    • (2010) Ethology , vol.116 , Issue.10 , pp. 961-971
    • Moravec, M.L.1    Striedter, G.F.2    Burley, N.T.3
  • 34
    • 0346880052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) copy virtual demonstrators in a two-action test
    • Mottley K, Heyes C (2003) Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) copy virtual demonstrators in a two-action test. J Comp Psychol 117(4):363–370
    • (2003) J Comp Psychol , vol.117 , Issue.4 , pp. 363-370
    • Mottley, K.1    Heyes, C.2
  • 37
    • 66149095129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contagious yawning and the frontal lobe: an fMRI study
    • Nahab FB, Hattori N, Saad ZS, Hallett M (2009) Contagious yawning and the frontal lobe: an fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 30:1744–1751
    • (2009) Hum Brain Mapp , vol.30 , pp. 1744-1751
    • Nahab, F.B.1    Hattori, N.2    Saad, Z.S.3    Hallett, M.4
  • 38
    • 82855168063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yawn contagion and empathy in Homo sapiens
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhs1KhurvO
    • Norscia I, Palagi E (2011) Yawn contagion and empathy in Homo sapiens. PLoS ONE 6(12):e28472
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6 , Issue.12 , pp. e28472
    • Norscia, I.1    Palagi, E.2
  • 39
    • 78650215945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A test of the yawning contagion and emotional connectedness hypothesis in dogs, Canis familiaris
    • O’Hara SJ, Reeve AV (2011) A test of the yawning contagion and emotional connectedness hypothesis in dogs, Canis familiaris. Anim Behav 81:335–340
    • (2011) Anim Behav , vol.81 , pp. 335-340
    • O’Hara, S.J.1    Reeve, A.V.2
  • 40
    • 73349143032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contagious yawning in gelada baboons as a possible expression of empathy
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFGns73L
    • Palagi E, Leone A, Mancini G, Ferrari PF (2009) Contagious yawning in gelada baboons as a possible expression of empathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:19262–19267
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.106 , pp. 19262-19267
    • Palagi, E.1    Leone, A.2    Mancini, G.3    Ferrari, P.F.4
  • 41
    • 84927802118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yawn contagion in humans and bonobos: emotional affinity matters more than species
    • Palagi E, Norscia I, Demuru E (2014) Yawn contagion in humans and bonobos: emotional affinity matters more than species. PeerJ 2:e519
    • (2014) PeerJ , vol.2 , pp. e519
    • Palagi, E.1    Norscia, I.2    Demuru, E.3
  • 42
    • 33644916659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Video-induced yawning in stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides)
    • Paukner A, Anderson JR (2006) Video-induced yawning in stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides). Biol Lett 2:36–38
    • (2006) Biol Lett , vol.2 , pp. 36-38
    • Paukner, A.1    Anderson, J.R.2
  • 43
    • 0033198318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of theory of mind and executive control
    • Perner J, Lang B (1999) Development of theory of mind and executive control. Trends Cog Sci 3(9):337–344
    • (1999) Trends Cog Sci , vol.3 , Issue.9 , pp. 337-344
    • Perner, J.1    Lang, B.2
  • 44
    • 0038782148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contagious yawning: the role of self-awareness and mental state attribution
    • Platek SM, Critton SR, Myers TEJ, Gallup GG (2003) Contagious yawning: the role of self-awareness and mental state attribution. Cognit Brain Res 17:223–227
    • (2003) Cognit Brain Res , vol.17 , pp. 223-227
    • Platek, S.M.1    Critton, S.R.2    Myers, T.E.J.3    Gallup, G.G.4
  • 46
    • 0036488272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Empathy: its ultimate and proximate bases
    • Preston SD, de Waal FBM (2002) Empathy: its ultimate and proximate bases. Behav Brain Sci 25:7–71
    • (2002) Behav Brain Sci , vol.25 , pp. 7-71
    • Preston, S.D.1    de Waal, F.B.M.2
  • 47
    • 85005560548 scopus 로고
    • Yawning as a stereotyped action pattern and releasing stimulus
    • Provine RR (1986) Yawning as a stereotyped action pattern and releasing stimulus. Ethology 72:109–122
    • (1986) Ethology , vol.72 , pp. 109-122
    • Provine, R.R.1
  • 48
    • 0002758580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contagious yawning and laughter: significance for sensory feature detection, motor pattern generation, imitation, and the evolution of social behavior
    • Heyes CM, Galef BG, (eds), Academic Press, San Diego
    • Provine RR (1996) Contagious yawning and laughter: significance for sensory feature detection, motor pattern generation, imitation, and the evolution of social behavior. In: Heyes CM, Galef BG (eds) Social learning in animals: the roots of culture. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 179–208
    • (1996) Social learning in animals: the roots of culture , pp. 179-208
    • Provine, R.R.1
  • 49
    • 28144444392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yawning: the yawn is primal, unstoppable and contagious, revealing the evolutionary and neural basis of empathy and unconscious behavior
    • Provine RR (2005) Yawning: the yawn is primal, unstoppable and contagious, revealing the evolutionary and neural basis of empathy and unconscious behavior. Am Sci 93:532–539
    • (2005) Am Sci , vol.93 , pp. 532-539
    • Provine, R.R.1
  • 50
    • 84881339042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familiarity bias and physiological responses in contagious yawning by dogs support link to empathy
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtlajsL3O
    • Romero T, Konno A, Hasegawa T (2013) Familiarity bias and physiological responses in contagious yawning by dogs support link to empathy. PLoS ONE 8(8):e71365
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8 , Issue.8 , pp. e71365
    • Romero, T.1    Konno, A.2    Hasegawa, T.3
  • 51
    • 84930679293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social modulation of contagious yawning in wolves
    • Romero T, Ito M, Saito A, Hasegawa T (2014) Social modulation of contagious yawning in wolves. PLoS ONE 9(8):e105963
    • (2014) PLoS ONE , vol.9 , Issue.8 , pp. e105963
    • Romero, T.1    Ito, M.2    Saito, A.3    Hasegawa, T.4
  • 52
    • 78649908547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yawning and stretching predict brain temperature changes in rats: support for the thermoregulatory hypothesis
    • Shoup-Knox ML, Gallup AC, Gallup GG Jr, McNay EC (2010) Yawning and stretching predict brain temperature changes in rats: support for the thermoregulatory hypothesis. Front Evol Neurosci 2:1–5
    • (2010) Front Evol Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 1-5
    • Shoup-Knox, M.L.1    Gallup, A.C.2    Gallup, G.G.3    McNay, E.C.4
  • 53
    • 84862627472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory contagious yawning in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris): first evidence for social modulation
    • Silva K, Bessa J, Sousa L (2012) Auditory contagious yawning in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris): first evidence for social modulation. Anim Cognit 15:721–724
    • (2012) Anim Cognit , vol.15 , pp. 721-724
    • Silva, K.1    Bessa, J.2    Sousa, L.3
  • 54
    • 0034544275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of correspondence between complex stimulus and response patterns
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7hsVGhuw%3D%3D
    • Sturmer B, Aschersleben G, Prinz W (2000) Effects of correspondence between complex stimulus and response patterns. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 26:1746–1759
    • (2000) J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform , vol.26 , pp. 1746-1759
    • Sturmer, B.1    Aschersleben, G.2    Prinz, W.3
  • 55
    • 44949106324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate modulation in bystanding geese watching social and non-social events
    • Wascher CA, Scheiber IB, Kotrschal K (2008) Heart rate modulation in bystanding geese watching social and non-social events. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 275(1643):1653–1659
    • (2008) Proc R Soc B Biol Sci , vol.275 , Issue.1643 , pp. 1653-1659
    • Wascher, C.A.1    Scheiber, I.B.2    Kotrschal, K.3
  • 56
    • 79958285163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No evidence of contagious yawning in the red-footed tortoise Geochelone carbonaria
    • Wilkinson A, Sebanz N, Mandl I, Huber L (2011) No evidence of contagious yawning in the red-footed tortoise Geochelone carbonaria. Curr Zool 57(4):477–484
    • (2011) Curr Zool , vol.57 , Issue.4 , pp. 477-484
    • Wilkinson, A.1    Sebanz, N.2    Mandl, I.3    Huber, L.4
  • 57
    • 0002546850 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal cycle, behaviour and social organization of the budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus
    • Wyndham E (1980) Diurnal cycle, behaviour and social organization of the budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus. Emu 80(1):25–33
    • (1980) Emu , vol.80 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-33
    • Wyndham, E.1
  • 58
    • 84971098594 scopus 로고
    • Movements and breeding seasons of the budgerigar
    • Wyndham E (1983) Movements and breeding seasons of the budgerigar. Emu 82(5):276–282
    • (1983) Emu , vol.82 , Issue.5 , pp. 276-282
    • Wyndham, E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.