Global movement and homogenisation of biota: Challenges to the environmental management of antarctica?

Antarctic Futures: Human Engagement with the Antarctic Environment

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 113-137

  Hughes, Kevin A ^a   Huiskes, Ad H L ^b  

^a BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

^b NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY NIOO KNAW   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Alien; Antarctic; Invasive species; Non native

Indexed keywords

EID: 84939512849     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6582-5_5     Document Type: Chapter

References (97)

1. Aronson, R. B., Thatje, S., McClintock, J. B., &Hughes, K. A.(2011). Anthropogenic impacts on marine ecosystems in Antarctica. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1223, 82-107.
2. ATCP. (1991). Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. CM1960. London: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office.
3. ATS. (2006). Ballast water exchange in the Antarctic Treaty Area. ATCM Resolution 3(2006). Final report of XXIX Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, Edinburgh, UK, 12-23 June, 2006. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Antarctic Treaty Secretariat.
4. Australia. (2001). Report on the open-ended Intersessional Contact Group on Diseases of Antarctic Wildlife, Report 1—Review and Risk Assessment. Working Paper 10 presented at XXIV Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 9-20 July 2001.
5. Australia, China, India, Romania, & Russian Federation. (2008). Measures to protect the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica, from the introduction of non-native species. Working Paper 17 presented at XXXI Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2-13 June, 2008.
6. Bergstrom, D. M., Hodgson, D. A., &Convey, P.(2006). The physical setting of the Antarctic. In D. M. Bergstrom, P. Convey, & A. H. L. Huiskes (Eds.), Trends in Antarctic terrestrial and limnetic ecosystems: Antarctica as a global indicator (pp. 15-33). Dordrecht: Springer.
7. Bergstrom, D. M., Lucieer, A., Kiefer, K., Wasley, J., Belbin, L., Pedersen, T. K., et al.(2009). Indirect effects of invasive species removal devastate World Heritage Island. Journal of Applied Ecology, 46,73-81.
8. Bij de Vaate, A., Jazdzewski, K., Ketelaars, H. A. M., Gollasch, S., &Van der Velde, G.(2002). Geographical patterns in range extension of Ponto-Caspian macroinvertebrate species in Europe. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 59,1159-1174.
9. Block, W., Burn, A. J., &Richard, K. J.(1984). An insect introduction to the maritime Antarctic. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 23,33-39.
10. Bonnedahl, J., Broman, T., Waldenstrom, J., Palmgren, H., Niskanen, T., &Olsen, B.(2005). Search of human-associated bacterial pathogens in Antarctic wildlife: report from six penguin colonies regularly visited by tourists. Ambio, 34,430-432.
11. Braun, C., Mustafa, O., Nordt, A., Pfeiffer, S., &Peter, H.-U.(2012)Environmental monitoring and management proposals for the Fildes Region (King George Island, Antarctic). Polar Research 2012, 31, 18206, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/polar.v31i0.18206.
12. Braun, C., Fritz, H., Mustafa, O., Nordt, A., Pfeiffer, S., &Peter, H.-U.(2013). Environmental assessment and management challenges of the Fildes Peninsula region. In T. Tin, D. Liggett, P. T. Maher & M. Lamers (Eds.), Antarctic futures: Human Engagement with the Antarctic environment. Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag.
13. CEP. (2011). Non-native Species Manual.Buenos Aires: Antarctic Treaty Secretariat.
14. Chekchak, T., Chapuis, J.-L., Pisanu, B., &Boussès, P.(2000). Introduction of the rabbit flea, Spilopsyllus cuniculi (Dale), to a subantarctic island (Kerguelen Archipelago) and its assessments as a vector of myxomatosis. Wildlife Research, 27,91-101.
15. Chown, S. L., &Convey, P.(2007). Spatial and temporal variability across life’s hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, 362,2307-2331.
16. Chown, S. L., Huiskes, A. H. L., Gremmen, N. J. M., Lee, J. E., Terauds, A., Crosbie, K., et al.(2012). Continent-wide risk assessment for the establishment of nonindigenous species in Antarctica. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 109,4938-4943.
17. Clayton, M. N., Wiencke, C., &Klöser, H.(1997). New records and sub-Antarctic marine benthic macroalgae from Antarctica. Polar Biology, 17,141-149.
18. COMNAP/SCAR. (2010). Checklists for supply chain managers of National Antarctic Programs to reduce the risk of transfer of non-native species. Retrieved from: https://www.comnap.aq/Publications/Comnap%20Publications/Forms/DispForm.aspx ?ID=51 (accessed 14.05.12).
19. Convey, P.(2008). Non-native species in Antarctic terrestrial and freshwater environments: presence, sources, impacts and predictions. In M. Rogan-Finnemore (Ed.), Non-native Species in the Antarctic—Proceedings (pp. 97-130). Christchurch: Gateway Antarctica.
20. Convey, P.(2010). Terrestrial biodiversity in Antarctica—recent advances and future challenges. Polar Science, 4,135-147.
21. Convey, R, &Lebouvier, M.(2009). Environmental change and human impacts on terrestrial ecosystems of the sub-Antarctic islands between their discovery and the mid-twentieth century. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, 143,33-44.
22. Convey, R, Smith, R. I. L., Peat, H. J., &Pugh, P. J. A.(2000). The terrestrial biota of Charcot Island, eastern Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica an example of extreme isolation. Antarctic Science, 12,406-413.
23. Convey, P, Bindschadler, R. A., di Prisco, G., Fahrbach, E., Gutt, J., Hodgson, D. A., et al.(2009). Antarctic climate change and the environment. Antarctic Science, 21,541-563.
24. Convey, R, Key, R. S., &Key, R. J. D.(2010). The establishment of a new ecological guild of pollinating insects on sub-Antarctic South Georgia. Antarctic Science, 22,508-512.
25. Copson, G., &Whinam, J.(2001). Review of ecological restoration programme on subantarctic Macquarie Island: pest management progress and future directions. Ecological Management and Restoration, 2,129-138.
26. Cowan, D. A., Chown, S. L., Convey, R, Tuffin, M., Hughes, K. A., Pointing, S., et al.(2011). Non-indigenous microorganisms in the Antarctic: assessing the risks. Trends in Microbiology, 19,540-548.
27. Cressey, D.(2008). Geology: The next land rush. Nature, 451,12.
28. Crosby, A. W.(1972). The Columbian Exchange—biological and cultural consequences of 1492. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Company.
29. de Villiers, M. S., Cooper, J., Carmichael, N., Glass, J. R, Liddle, G. M., McIvor, E., et al.(2006). Conservation management at Southern Ocean Islands: towards the development of best-practice guidelines. Polarforschung, 75,113-131.
30. Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism. (1996). Prince Edward Islands Management Plan. Pretoria.
31. Dozsa-Farkas, K., & Convey, P. (1997). Christensenia, a new enchytraeid genus from Antarctica. Polar Biology, 17, 482-486. [NB—this paper was subsequently modified—see Erratum, (1998). Polar Biology, 20, 292]
32. Frenot, Y., Chown, S. L., Whinam, J., Selkirk, P. M., Convey, R, Skotnicki, M., et al.(2005). Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications. Biological Reviews, 80,45-72.
33. Greenslade, P.(1987). Invertebrate conservation in the Antarctic and subantarctic. In J. D. Majer (Ed.), The role of invertebrates in conservation and biological survey (pp. 119-121). Perth: Western Australian Department of Conservation & Land Management.
34. Greenslade, P.(1995). Collembola from the Scotia Arc and Antarctic Peninsula including descriptions of two new species and notes on biogeography. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 64,305-319.
35. Greenslade, P.(2006). The invertebrates of Macquarie Island. Kingston: Department of Environment and Heritage, Australian Antarctic Division.
36. Greenslade, R, &Convey, P.(2012). Exotic Collembola on subantarctic islands: pathways, origins and biology. Biological Invasions,14(2), 405-417.
37. Greenslade, P., &Wise, K. A. J.(1984). Additions to the collembolan fauna of the Antarctic. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 108,203-205.
38. Greenslade, P., Potapov, M., Russel, D., &Convey, P.(2012). Lessons from history—global Collembola on Deception Island. Journal of Insect Science, 12,111.
39. Gremmen, N. M. J., Chown, S. L., &Marshall, D. J.(1998). Impact of the introduced grass Agrostis stolonifera on vegetation and soil fauna communities at Marion Island, subantarctic. Biological Conservation, 85,223-231.
40. Griffiths, H. J.(2010). Antarctic Marine Biodiversity—what do we know about the distribution of life in the Southern Ocean?PLoS ONE,5(8), e11683. doi:10.1371/joumal.pone.0011683.
41. Heywood, V. H.(1989). Patterns, extents, and modes of invasions by terrestrial plants. In J. A. Drake, H. A. Mooney, F. Di Castri, R. H. Groves, F. J. Kruger, M. Reymanek, & M. Williamson (Eds.), Biological invasions: A global perspective (pp. 31-60). Chichester: Wiley.
42. Hughes, K. A.(2003). Aerial dispersal and survival of sewage-derived faecal coliforms in Antarctica. Atmospheric Environment, 37,3147-3155.
43. Hughes, K. A.(2004). Reducing sewage pollution in the Antarctic marine environment using a sewage treatment plant. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 49,850-853.
44. Hughes, K. A.(2010). How committed are we to monitoring human impact in Antarctica?Environmental Research Letters, 5,041001. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/5/4/041002.
45. Hughes, K. A., &Blenkharn, N.(2003). A simple method to reduce discharge of sewage microorganisms from an Antarctic research station. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46,353-357.
46. Hughes, K. A., &Convey, P.(2010). The protection of Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems from inter- and intra-continental transfer of non-indigenous species by human activities: A review of current systems and practices. Global Environmental Change, 20,96-112.
47. Hughes, K. A., &Convey, P.(2012). Determining the native/non-native status of newly discovered terrestrial and freshwater species in Antarctica—current knowledge, methodology and management action. Journal of Environmental Management, 93,52-66.
48. Hughes, K. A., &Worland, M. R.(2010). Spatial distribution, habitat preference and colonisation status of two alien terrestrial invertebrate species in Antarctica. Antarctic Science, 22, 221-231.
49. Hughes, K. A., Walsh, S., Convey, P., Richards, S., &Bergstrom, D. M.(2005). Alien fly populations established at two Antarctic research stations. Polar Biology, 28,568-570.
50. Hughes, K. A., Lee, J. E., Tsujimoto, M., Imura, S., Bergstrom, D. M., Ware, C., et al.(2011a). Food for thought: risks of non-native species transfer to the Antarctic region with fresh produce. Biological Conservation, 144,1682-1689.
51. Hughes, K. A., Fretwell, P., Rae, J., Holmes, K., &Fleming, A.(2011b). Untouched Antarctica: mapping a finite and diminishing environmental resource. Antarctic Science,23(6), 537-548.
52. IAATO. (2011a). Boot, clothing and equipment decontamination guidelines for small boat operations. Retrieved from http://www.iaato.org/docs/Boot_Washing07.pdf. (accessed 04.04.11).
53. IAATO. (2011b). Tourism statistics. Retrieved from http://www.iaato.org/tourism_stats.html. (accessed 04.04.11).
54. Jabour, J.(2009). National Antarctic programs and their impact on the environment. In K. R. Kerry & M. J. Riddle (Eds.), Health of Antarctic wildlife—a challenge for science and policy (pp. 211-229). Heidelberg: Springer.
55. Kennicutt, M. C. II, Klein, A. G., Montagna, P., Sweet, S. T., Wade, T. L., Palmer, T. A., Sericano, J. L., & Denoux, G. (2010). Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Anthropogenic Disturbance at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Environmental Research Letters, 5,034010 doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/5/3/034010.
56. Kerry, K. R., & Riddle, M. J. (Eds.). (2009). Health of Antarctic wildlife: A challenge for science and policy. Heidelberg: Springer.
57. Lamers, M., Liggett, D., &Tin, T.(2013). Strategic thinking for the Antarctic environment: The use of assessment tools in governance. In T. Tin, D. Liggett, P. T. Maher & M. Lamers (Eds.), Antarctic futures: Human Engagement with the Antarctic environment. Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag.
58. Lee, J. E., &Chown, S. L.(2007). Mytilus on the move: transport of an invasive bivalve to the Antarctic. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 339, 307-310.
59. Lee, J. E., &Chown, S. L.(2009a). Breaching the dispersal barrier to invasion: quantification and management. Ecological Applications, 19,1944-1959.
60. Lee, J. E., &Chown, S. L.(2009b). Quantifying the propagule load associated with the construction of an Antarctic research station. Antarctic Science, 21,471-475.
61. Lee, J. E., &Chown, S. L.(2011). Quantification of intra-regional propagule movements in the Antarctic. Antarctic Science, 23, 337-342.
62. Lewis, P. N., Hewitt, C. L., Riddle, M. J., &McMinn, A.(2003). Marine introductions in the Southern Ocean: an unrecognised hazard to biodiversity. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46, 213-223.
63. Lewis, P. N., Riddle, M. J., &Smith, S. D. A.(2005). Assisted passage or passive drift: A comparison of alternative transport mechanisms for non-indigenous coastal species into the Southern Ocean. Antarctic Science, 17,183-191.
64. Lynch, H. J., Crosbie, K., Fagan, W. F., &Naveen, R.(2010). Spatial patterns of tour ship traffic in the Antarctic Peninsula region. Antarctic Science, 22,123-130.
65. Mack, R. N., Simberloff, D., Lonsdale, W. M., Evans, H., Clout, M., &Bazzaz, F. A.(2000). Biotic invasions: causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control. Ecological Applications, 10,689-710.
66. McKinney, M. L., &Lockwood, J. L.(1999). Biotic homogenisation: A few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 14,450-453.
67. Molina-Montenegro, M. A., Carrasco-Urra, F., Rodrigo, C., Valladares, F., & Gianoli, E. (2010). Plant invasions in the Antarctic continent: vectors and consequences. Poster at Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research Open Science Conference, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 3-6 August 2010. [Unpublished]
68. Molina-Montenegro, M. A., Carrasco-Urra, F., Rodrigo, C., Convey, P., Valladares, F., &Gianoli, E.(2012). Occurrence of the non-native annual bluegrass (Poa annua) on the Antarctic mainland and its negative effects on native plants. Conservation Biology, 26(4), 717-723.
69. Morgan, I. R., &Westbury, H. A.(1981). Virological studies of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis ade-liae) in Antarctica. Avian Diseases, 25,1019-1026.
70. Ochyra, R., Smith, R. I. L., &Bednarek-Ochyra, H.(2008). The Illustrated Moss Flora of Antarctica. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
71. Olden, J. D., LeRoy Poff, N., Douglas, M. R., Douglas, M. E., &Fausch, K. D.(2004). Ecological and evolutionary consequences of biotic homogenization. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 19,18-24.
72. Olech, M., &Chwedorzewska, K. J.(2011). The first appearance and establishment of an alien vascular plant in natural habitats on the forefield of a retreating glacier in Antarctica. Antarctic Science,23(2), 153-154.
73. Olsen, B., Bergström, S., McCafferty, D. J., Sellin, M., &Wiström, J.(1996). Salmonella enteritidis in Antarctica: zoonosis in man or humanosis in penguins ? The Lancet, 348, 1319-1320.
74. Ovstedal, D. O., &Smith, R. I. L.(2001). Lichens of Antarctica and South Georgia. A guide to their identification and ecology.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
75. Palmgren, H., McCafferty, D., Aspan, A., Broman, T., Sellin, M., Wollin, R., et al.(2000). Salmonella in sub-Antarctica: low heterogeneity in Salmonella serotypes in South Georgian seals and birds. Epidemiology and Infection, 125,257-262.
76. Pertierra, L. R., Tejedo, P., &Benayas, J.(2013). Looking into the future of Deception Island: Current status, drivers of change and policy alternatives. In T. Tin, D. Liggett, P. T. Maher & M. Lamers (Eds.), Antarctic futures: Human Engagement with the Antarctic environment. Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag.
77. Potter, S.(2007). The quarantine protection of sub-Antarctic Australia: two islands, two regimes. Island Studies Journal, 2, 177-192.
78. Potter, S., &Maggs, T.(2008). Antarctic quarantine management: Australia’s framework and practice. In M. Rogan-Finnemore (Ed.), Non-native species in the Antarctic—proceedings (pp. 165-182). Christchurch: Gateway Antarctica.
79. Richardson, D. M., Pysek, P., Rejmanek, M., Barbour, M. G., Panetta, F. D., &West, C. J.(2000). Naturalization and invasion of alien plants: concepts and definitions. Diversity and Distribution, 6, 93-107.
80. Sanchez, R. A., &Njaastad, B.(2013). Future challenges in environmental management of National Antarctic Programs. In T. Tin, D. Liggett, P. T. Maher & M. Lamers (Eds.), Antarctic futures: Human Engagement with the Antarctic environment.Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag.
81. SCAR. (2009). SCAR’s environmental code of conduct for terrestrial scientific field research in Antarctica. Information Paper 4 presented at XXXII Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, Baltimore, USA, 6-17 April, 2009.
82. SCAR. (2010). Preliminary Results from the International Polar Year Programme: Aliens in Antarctica. Working Paper 4 presented at XXXIII Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, Punta del Este, Uruguay, 3-14 May, 2010.
83. Smart, S. M., Thompson, K., Marrs, R. H., Le Duc, M. G., Maskell, L. C., &Firbank, L. G.(2006). Biotic homogenisation and changes in species diversity across human-modified ecosystems. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B, 273,2659-2665.
84. Smith, R. I. L.(1996). Introduced plants in Antarctica: potential impacts and conservations issues. Biological Conservation, 76,135-146.
85. Smith, R. I. L., &Richardson, M.(2011). Fuegian plants in Antarctica: natural or anthropogeni-cally assisted immigrants. Biological Invasions, 13,1-5.
86. Smith, J. J., &Riddle, M. J.(2009). Sewage disposal and wildlife health in Antarctica. In K. R. Kerry & M. J. Riddle (Eds.), Health of Antarctic wildlife: A challenge for science and policy (pp. 271-315). London: Springer Verlag.
87. Terauds, A., Chown, S. L., Morgan, F., Peat, H. J., Watts, D. J., Keys, H., et al.(2012). Conservation biogeography of the Antarctic. Diversity and Distributions,18(7), 726-741.
88. Thatje, S., &Aronson, R. B.(2009). No future for the Antarctic Treaty?Frontiers in Ecology,7, 175.
89. Tin, T., Fleming, Z. L., Hughes, K. A., Ainley, D. G., Convey, P., Moreno, C. A., et al.(2009). Impacts of local human activities on the Antarctic environment. Antarctic Science, 21,3-33.
90. Tsujimoto, M., & Imura, S. (2012). Does a new transportation system increase the risk of importing non-native species to Antarctica? Antarctic Science. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954102012000272
91. Turner, J., Bindschadler, R., Convey, P., di Prisco, G., Fahrbach, E., Gutt, J., et al. (Eds.). (2009). Antarctic Climate Change and the Environment.Cambridge: Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research.
92. United Kingdom. (2008). Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) Management Plan for Marion Nunataks, Charcot Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Working Paper 53 presented at XXXI Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2-13 June, 2008.
93. United Kingdom. (2009). Procedures for vehicle cleaning to prevent transfer of non-native species into and around Antarctica. Working Paper 32 presented at XXXII Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, Baltimore, USA, 6-17 April 2009.
94. United Kingdom. (2011). Proposed exploration of subglacial Lake Ellsworth Antarctica. Draft Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation. Retrieved from http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/about_antarctica/geography/environment/eia/subglacial_lake_ellsworth_cee.pdf (accessed 04.04.11).
95. Whinam, J., Chilcott, N., &Bergstrom, D. M.(2005). Subantarctic hitchhikers: expeditioners as vectors for the introduction of alien organisms. Biological Conservation, 121,207-219.
96. Williamson, M.(1997). Biological Invasions. London: Chapman and Hall.
97. Woehler, E. J., Ainley, D., &Jabour, J.(2013). Human impacts to Antarctic wildlife: predictions and speculations for2060. In T. Tin, D. Liggett, P. T. Maher & M. Lamers (Eds.), Antarctic futures: Human engagement with the Antarctic environment.Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag.