Hyperbaric oxygen treatment in autism spectrum disorders

Medical Gas Research

Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

  Rossignol, Daniel A ^a   Bradstreet, James J ^b,c   Van Dyke, Kyle ^d   Schneider, Cindy ^e   Freedenfeld, Stuart H ^f   O'Hara, Nancy ^g   Cave, Stephanie ^h   Buckley, Julie A ⁱ   Mumper, Elizabeth A ^j   Frye, Richard E ^k  

^a Rossignol Medical Center   (United States)

^b International Child Development Resource Center   (United States)

^c Southwest College Naturopathic Med   (United States)

^d Wisconsin Integrative Hyperbaric Center   (United States)

^e Center for Autism Research and Education   (United States)

^f Stockton Center for Health Care   (United States)

^g Center for Autism and Integrative Health   (United States)

^h Cypress Integrative Medicine   (United States)

ⁱ Pediatric Partners of Ponte Vedra   (United States)

^j Rimland Center   (United States)

^k UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS FOR MEDICAL SCIENCES   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Autism; Behavior; Hyperbaric oxygen treatment; Inflammation; Oxidative stress

Indexed keywords

AUTISM; BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT; BRAIN PERFUSION; CHILD BEHAVIOR; DISEASE MARKER; DISORDERS OF MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTIONS; HUMAN; HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY; IATROGENIC DISEASE; INFLAMMATION; NEUROIMAGING; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATIENT SAFETY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; THERAPY EFFECT;

EID: 84938767206     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20459912     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/2045-9912-2-16     Document Type: Review

References (128)

1. Feldmeier JJ, Chairman and Editor: Hyperbaric oxygen 2003: indications and results: the hyperbaric oxygen therapy committee report. Kensington, MD: Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Society; 2003.
2. Leach RM, Rees PJ, Wilmshurst P: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy. BMJ 1998, 317(7166):1140-1143.
3. Shandling AH, Ellestad MH, Hart GB, Crump R, Marlow D, Van Natta B, Messenger JC, Strauss M, Stavitsky Y: Hyperbaric oxygen and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction: the "HOT MI" pilot study. Am Heart J 1997, 134 (3):544-550.
4. Gill AL, Bell CN: Hyperbaric oxygen: its uses, mechanisms of action and outcomes. QJM 2004, 97(7):385-395.
5. Ackerman NB, Brinkley FB: Oxygen tensions in normal and ischemic tissues during hyperbaric therapy. Studies in rabbits. JAMA 1966, 198 (12):1280-1283.
6. Wang GH, Zhang XG, Jiang ZL, Li X, Peng LL, Li YC, Wang Y: Neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on traumatic brain injury in the rat. J Neurotrauma 2010, 27(9):1733-1743.
7. Palzur E, Zaaroor M, Vlodavsky E, Milman F, Soustiel JF: Neuroprotective effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in brain injury is mediated by preservation of mitochondrial membrane properties. Brain Res 2008, 1221:126-133.
8. Henninger N, Kuppers-Tiedt L, Sicard KM, Gunther A, Schneider D, Schwab S: Neuroprotective effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy monitored by MR-imaging after embolic stroke in rats. Exp Neurol 2006, 201(2):316-323.
9. Harch PG, Kriedt C, Van Meter KW, Sutherland RJ: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves spatial learning and memory in a rat model of chronic traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2007, 1174:120-129.
10. Vlodavsky E, Palzur E, Soustiel JF: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy reduces neuroinflammation and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the rat model of traumatic brain injury. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2006, 32(1):40-50.
11. Wright JK, Zant E, Groom K, Schlegel RE, Gilliland K: Case report: Treatment of mild traumatic brain injury with hyperbaric oxygen. Undersea Hyperb Med 2009, 36 (6):391-399.
12. Eovaldi B, Zanetti C: Hyperbaric oxygen ameliorates worsening signs and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2010, 6:785-789.
13. Lv LQ, Hou LJ, Yu MK, Ding XH, Qi XQ, Lu YC: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after severe traumatic brain injury: a report of 6 cases. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011, 92(9):1515-1518.
14. Stoller KP: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (1.5 ATA) in treating sports related TBI/ CTE: two case reports. Med Gas Res 2011, 1(1):17.
15. Sahni T, Jain M, Prasad R, Sogani SK, Singh VP: Use of hyperbaric oxygen in traumatic brain injury: Retrospective analysis of data of 20 patients treated at a tertiary care centre. Br J Neurosurg 2011, 26(2):207.
16. Harch PG, Fogarty EF, Staab PK, Van Meter K: Low pressure hyperbaric oxygen therapy and SPECT brain imaging in the treatment of blast-induced chronic traumatic brain injury (post-concussion syndrome) and post traumatic stress disorder: a case report. Cases J 2009, 2:6538.
17. Harch P, Andrews SR, Fogarty E, Amen DG, Pezzullo JC, Lucarini J, Aubrey C, Taylor DV, Staab P, Van Meter K: A Phase I Study of Low Pressure Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Blast-Induced Post Concussion Syndrome and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. J Neurotrauma 2012, 29(1):168-185.
18. Rockswold SB, Rockswold GL, Zaun DA, Zhang X, Cerra CE, Bergman TA, Liu J: A prospective, randomized clinical trial to compare the effect of hyperbaric to normobaric hyperoxia on cerebral metabolism, intracranial pressure, and oxygen toxicity in severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2010, 112(5):1080-1094.
19. Shi XY, Tang ZQ, Xiong B, Bao JX, Sun D, Zhang YQ, Yao Y: Cerebral perfusion SPECT imaging for assessment of the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on patients with postbrain injury neural status. Chin J Traumatol 2003, 6 (6):346-349.
20. Shi XY, Tang ZQ, Sun D, He XJ: Evaluation of hyperbaric oxygen treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders following traumatic brain injury. Chin Med J (Engl) 2006, 119(23):1978-1982.
21. Hardy P, Johnston KM, De Beaumont L, Montgomery DL, Lecomte JM, Soucy JP, Bourbonnais D, Lassonde M: Pilot case study of the therapeutic potential of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on chronic brain injury. J Neurol Sci 2007, 253 (1-2):94-105.
22. Golden ZL, Neubauer R, Golden CJ, Greene L, Marsh J, Mleko A: Improvement in cerebral metabolism in chronic brain injury after hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Int J Neurosci 2002, 112(2):119-131.
23. Golden Z, Golden CJ, Neubauer RA: Improving neuropsychological function after chronic brain injury with hyperbaric oxygen. Disabil Rehabil 2006, 28 (22):1379-1386.
24. Helms A, Evans AW, Chu J, Sahgal A, Ostrowski R, Sosiak T, Wolf G, Gillett J, Whelan H: Hyperbaric oxygen for neurologic indications-action plan for multicenter trials in: stroke, traumatic brain injury, radiation encephalopathy & status migrainosus. Undersea Hyperb Med 2011, 38(5):309-319.
25. Stoller KP: Quantification of neurocognitive changes before, during, and after hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a case of fetal alcohol syndrome. Pediatrics 2005, 116(4):586-591.
26. Matchett GA, Martin RD, Zhang JH: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and cerebral ischemia: neuroprotective mechanisms. Neurol Res 2009, 31 (2):114-121.
27. Huang L, Obenaus A: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for traumatic brain injury. Med Gas Res 2011, 1(1):21.
28. Moss MC, Scholey AB: Oxygen administration enhances memory formation in healthy young adults. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1996, 124 (3):255-260.
29. Scholey AB, Moss MC, Neave N, Wesnes K: Cognitive performance, hyperoxia, and heart rate following oxygen administration in healthy young adults. Physiol Behav 1999, 67(5):783-789.
30. Moss MC, Scholey AB, Wesnes K: Oxygen administration selectively enhances cognitive performance in healthy young adults: a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1998, 138(1):27-33.
31. APA: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
32. Rice C: Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, United States, 2006. MMWR Surveill Summ 2009, 58(10):1-20.
33. Schaefer GB, Mendelsohn NJ: Genetics evaluation for the etiologic diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Genet Med 2008, 10(1):4-12.
34. Rossignol DA, Frye RE: Mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2011, 17 (3):290-314.
35. Buie T, Campbell DB, Fuchs GJ 3rd, Furuta GT, Levy J, Vandewater J, Whitaker AH, Atkins D, Bauman ML, Beaudet AL: Evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in individuals with ASDs: a consensus report. Pediatrics 2010, 1:S1-18. 125 Suppl.
36. James SJ, Melnyk S, Jernigan S, Cleves MA, Halsted CH, Wong DH, Cutler P, Bock K, Boris M, Bradstreet JJ, et al: Metabolic endophenotype and related genotypes are associated with oxidative stress in children with autism. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006, 141(8):947-956.
37. Ashwood P, Krakowiak P, Hertz-Picciotto I, Hansen R, Pessah I, Van de Water J: Elevated plasma cytokines in autism spectrum disorders provide evidence of immune dysfunction and are associated with impaired behavioral outcome. Brain Behav Immun 2010, 25(1):40-45.
38. Rossignol DA, Frye RE: A review of research trends in physiological abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders: immune dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and environmental toxicant exposures. Mol Psychiatry 2011, 17(4):389-401.
39. Ming X, Brimacombe M, Chaaban J, Zimmerman-Bier B, Wagner GC: Autism spectrum disorders: concurrent clinical disorders. J Child Neurol 2008, 23 (1):6-13.
40. Herbert MR: Autism: a brain disorder or a disorder that affects the brain. Clinical Neuropsychiatry 2005, 2(6):354-379.
41. Lovaas OI: Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children. J Consult Clin Psychol 1987, 55(1):3-9.
42. Sallows GO, Graupner TD: Intensive behavioral treatment for children with autism: four-year outcome and predictors. Am J Ment Retard 2005, 110(6):417-438.
43. Eikeseth S, Smith T, Jahr E, Eldevik S: Intensive behavioral treatment at school for 4- to 7-year-old children with autism. A 1-year comparison controlled study. Behav Modif 2002, 26(1):49-68.
44. Rossignol DA: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy might improve certain pathophysiological findings in autism. Med Hypotheses 2007, 68 (6):1208-1227.
45. Buckley JA: How mild hyperbaric oxygen therapy works and why it is good for our children. Medical Veritas 2005, 2:647.
46. Stoller KP, Small T: Interview with Dr. Kenneth P. Stoller: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), Autism, Aspartame and Mercury. Medical, Veritas 2006, 3(1):957-966.
47. Harch PG, Small T: Interview with Dr Paul Harch: the application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in chronic neurological conditions. Medical Veritas 2005, 2(2):637-646.
48. Rossignol DA, Small T: Interview with Dr. Dan A. Rossignol: hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves symptoms in autistic children. Medical Veritas 2006, 3:1-4.
49. Zilbovicius M, Boddaert N, Belin P, Poline JB, Remy P, Mangin JF, Thivard L, Barthelemy C, Samson Y: Temporal lobe dysfunction in childhood autism: a PET study. Positron emission tomography. Am J Psychiatry 2000, 157 (12):1988-1993.
50. Zilbovicius M, Garreau B, Tzourio N, Mazoyer B, Bruck B, Martinot JL, Raynaud C, Samson Y, Syrota A, Lelord G: Regional cerebral blood flow in childhood autism: a SPECT study. Am J Psychiatry 1992, 149(7):924-930.
51. Boddaert N, Zilbovicius M: Functional neuroimaging and childhood autism. Pediatr Radiol 2002, 32(1):1-7.
52. Starkstein SE, Vazquez S, Vrancic D, Nanclares V, Manes F, Piven J, Plebst C: SPECT findings in mentally retarded autistic individuals. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2000, 12(3):370-375.
53. Ohnishi T, Matsuda H, Hashimoto T, Kunihiro T, Nishikawa M, Uema T, Sasaki M: Abnormal regional cerebral blood flow in childhood autism. Brain 2000, 123(Pt 9):1838-1844.
54. Critchley HD, Daly EM, Bullmore ET, Williams SC, Van Amelsvoort T, Robertson DM, Rowe A, Phillips M, McAlonan G, Howlin P, et al: The functional neuroanatomy of social behaviour: changes in cerebral blood flow when people with autistic disorder process facial expressions. Brain 2000, 123(Pt 11):2203-2212.
55. Wilcox J, Tsuang MT, Ledger E, Algeo J, Schnurr T: Brain perfusion in autism varies with age. Neuropsychobiology 2002, 46(1):13-16.
56. Gendry Meresse I, Zilbovicius M, Boddaert N, Robel L, Philippe A, Sfaello I, Laurier L, Brunelle F, Samson Y, Mouren MC: Autism severity and temporal lobe functional abnormalities. Ann Neurol 2005, 58(3):466-469.
57. Heuser G, Heuser SA, Rodelander D, Aguilera O, Uszler M: In Treatment of neurologically impaired adults and children with “mild” hyperbaric oxygenation (1.3 atm and 24 % oxygen). In Hyperbaric oxygenation for cerebral palsy and the brain-injured child. Edited by Joiner JT. Flagstaff, Arizona: Best Publications; 2002.
58. Rossignol DA: The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in autism. In Hyperbaric oxygen for neurological disorders. Edited by Zhang JH. Flagstaff, AZ: Best Publishing Company; 2008:209-258.
59. The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in children with autism spectrum disorders: [http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/xmlui/handle/123456789/9163].
60. Ashwood P, Anthony A, Pellicer AA, Torrente F, Walker-Smith JA, Wakefield AJ: Intestinal lymphocyte populations in children with regressive autism: evidence for extensive mucosal immunopathology. J Clin Immunol 2003, 23(6):504-517.
61. Balzola F, Barbon V, Repici A, Rizzetto M, Clauser D, Gandione M, Sapino A: Panenteric IBD-like disease in a patient with regressive autism shown for the first time by the wireless capsule enteroscopy: another piece in the jigsaw of this gut-brain syndrome? Am J Gastroenterol 2005, 100(4):979-981.
62. Furlano RI, Anthony A, Day R, Brown A, McGarvey L, Thomson MA, Davies SE, Berelowitz M, Forbes A, Wakefield AJ, et al: Colonic CD8 and gamma delta T-cell infiltration with epithelial damage in children with autism. J Pediatr 2001, 138(3):366-372.
63. Torrente F, Ashwood P, Day R, Machado N, Furlano RI, Anthony A, Davies SE, Wakefield AJ, Thomson MA, Walker-Smith JA: Small intestinal enteropathy with epithelial IgG and complement deposition in children with regressive autism. Mol Psychiatry 2002, 7(4):375-382. 334.
64. Chez MG, Dowling T, Patel PB, Khanna P, Kominsky M: Elevation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in cerebrospinal fluid of autistic children. Pediatr Neurol 2007, 36(6):361-365.
65. Ashwood P, Anthony A, Torrente F, Wakefield AJ: Spontaneous mucosal lymphocyte cytokine profiles in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms: mucosal immune activation and reduced counter regulatory interleukin-10. J Clin Immunol 2004, 24(6):664-673.
66. Li X, Chauhan A, Sheikh AM, Patil S, Chauhan V, Li XM, Ji L, Brown T, Malik M: Elevated immune response in the brain of autistic patients. J Neuroimmunol 2009, 207(1-2):111-116.
67. Jyonouchi H, Sun S, Le H: Proinflammatory and regulatory cytokine production associated with innate and adaptive immune responses in children with autism spectrum disorders and developmental regression. J Neuroimmunol 2001, 120(1-2):170-179.
68. Messahel S, Pheasant AE, Pall H, Ahmed-Choudhury J, Sungum-Paliwal RS, Vostanis P: Urinary levels of neopterin and biopterin in autism. Neurosci Lett 1998, 241(1):17-20.
69. Sweeten TL, Posey DJ, McDougle CJ: High blood monocyte counts and neopterin levels in children with autistic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2003, 160(9):1691-1693.
70. Messahel S, Pheasant AE, Pall H, Kerr AM: Abnormalities in urinary pterin levels in Rett syndrome. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2000, 4(5):211-217.
71. Akin ML, Gulluoglu BM, Uluutku H, Erenoglu C, Elbuken E, Yildirim S, Celenk T: Hyperbaric oxygen improves healing in experimental rat colitis. Undersea Hyperb Med 2002, 29(4):279-285.
72. Luongo C, Imperatore F, Cuzzocrea S, Filippelli A, Scafuro MA, Mangoni G, Portolano F, Rossi F: Effects of hyperbaric oxygen exposure on a zymosan-induced shock model. Crit Care Med 1998, 26(12):1972-1976.
73. Sumen G, Cimsit M, Eroglu L: Hyperbaric oxygen treatment reduces carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2001, 431(2):265-268.
74. Abbot NC, Beck JS, Carnochan FM, Gibbs JH, Harrison DK, James PB, Lowe JG: Effect of hyperoxia at 1 and 2 ATA on hypoxia and hypercapnia in human skin during experimental inflammation. J Appl Physiol 1994, 77 (2):767-773.
75. Takeshima F, Makiyama K, Doi T: Hyperbaric oxygen as adjunct therapy for Crohn's intractable enteric ulcer. Am J Gastroenterol 1999, 94(11):3374-3375.
76. Nelson EW Jr, Bright DE, Villar LF: Closure of refractory perineal Crohn's lesion. Integration of hyperbaric oxygen into case management. Dig Dis Sci 1990, 35(12):1561-1565.
77. Lavy A, Weisz G, Adir Y, Ramon Y, Melamed Y, Eidelman S: Hyperbaric oxygen for perianal Crohn's disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 1994, 19(3): 202-205.
78. Granowitz EV, Skulsky EJ, Benson RM, Wright J, Garb JL, Cohen ER, Smithline EC, Brown RB: Exposure to increased pressure or hyperbaric oxygen suppresses interferon-gamma secretion in whole blood cultures of healthy humans. Undersea Hyperb Med 2002, 29(3):216-225.
79. Yang Z, Nandi J, Wang J, Bosco G, Gregory M, Chung C, Xie Y, Yang X, Camporesi EM: Hyperbaric oxygenation ameliorates indomethacin-induced enteropathy in rats by modulating TNF-alpha and IL-1beta production. Dig Dis Sci 2006, 51(8):1426-1433.
80. Inamoto Y, Okuno F, Saito K, Tanaka Y, Watanabe K, Morimoto I, Yamashita U, Eto S: Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on macrophage function in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991, 179(2):886-891.
81. Weisz G, Lavy A, Adir Y, Melamed Y, Rubin D, Eidelman S, Pollack S: Modification of in vivo and in vitro TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 secretion by circulating monocytes during hyperbaric oxygen treatment in patients with perianal Crohn's disease. J Clin Immunol 1997, 17(2):154-159.
82. Buras JA, Holt D, Orlow D, Belikoff B, Pavlides S, Reenstra WR: Hyperbaric oxygen protects from sepsis mortality via an interleukin-10-dependent mechanism. Crit Care Med 2006, 34(10):2624-2629.
83. Altinel O, Demirbas S, Cakir E, Yaman H, Ozerhan IH, Duran E, Cayci T, Akgul EO, Ersoz N, Uysal B, et al: Comparison of hyperbaric oxygen and medical ozone therapies in a rat model of experimental distal colitis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2011, 71(3):185-192.
84. Rossignol DA: Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and analysis. Med Gas Res 2012, 2(1):6.
85. Rossignol DA, Rossignol LW, James SJ, Melnyk S, Mumper E: The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on oxidative stress, inflammation, and symptoms in children with autism: an open-label pilot study. BMC Pediatr 2007, 7(1):36.
86. Bent S, Bertoglio K, Ashwood P, Nemeth E, Hendren RL: Brief Report: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Clinical Trial. J Autism Dev Disord 2011, .
87. Vargas DL, Nascimbene C, Krishnan C, Zimmerman AW, Pardo CA: Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism. Ann Neurol 2005, 57(1):67-81.
88. Ashwood P, Van de Water J: A review of autism and the immune response. Clin Dev Immunol 2004, 11(2):165-174.
89. Frye RE, Rossignol DA: Mitochondrial dysfunction can connect the diverse medical symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatr Res 2011, 69(5):41-47.
90. Dave KR, Prado R, Busto R, Raval AP, Bradley WG, Torbati D, Perez-Pinzon MA: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and delays onset of motor neuron disease in Wobbler mice. Neuroscience 2003, 120(1):113-120.
91. Boveris A, Chance B: The mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide. General properties and effect of hyperbaric oxygen. Biochem J 1973, 134 (3):707-716.
92. Daugherty WP, Levasseur JE, Sun D, Rockswold GL, Bullock MR: Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on cerebral oxygenation and mitochondrial function following moderate lateral fluid-percussion injury in rats. J Neurosurg 2004, 101(3):499-504.
93. Gosalvez M, Castillo Olivares J, De Miguel E, Blanco M, Figuera D: Mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation during hypothermic hyperbaric hepatic preservation. J Surg Res 1973, 15(5): 313-318.
94. Bar-Sagie D, Mayevsky A, Bartoov B: Effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on spermatozoan motility driven by mitochondrial respiration. J Appl Physiol 1981, 50(3):531-537.
95. Lou M, Chen Y, Ding M, Eschenfelder CC, Deuschl G: Involvement of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel in the neuroprotective effect of hyperbaric oxygenation after cerebral ischemia. Brain Res Bull 2006, 69(2):109-116.
96. Calvert JW, Zhang JH: Oxygen treatment restores energy status following experimental neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2007, 8 (2):165-173.
97. Kurt B, Kurt Y, Karslioglu Y, Topal T, Erdamar H, Korkmaz A, Turkozkan N, Yaman H, Odabasi Z, Gunhan O: Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on energy production and xanthine oxidase levels in striated muscle tissue of healthy rats. J Clin Neurosci 2008, 15(4):445-450.
98. Gutsaeva DR, Suliman HB, Carraway MS, Demchenko IT, Piantadosi CA: Oxygen-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 2006, 137(2):493-504.
99. Van Dyke K: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for autism: An introduction. Autism File 2009, 33:5-6.
100. Chauhan A, Chauhan V: Oxidative stress in autism. Pathophysiology 2006, 13(3):171-181.
101. Chauhan A, Chauhan V, Brown WT, Cohen I: Oxidative stress in autism: increased lipid peroxidation and reduced serum levels of ceruloplasmin and transferrin-the antioxidant proteins. Life Sci 2004, 75(21):2539-2549.
102. James SJ, Cutler P, Melnyk S, Jernigan S, Janak L, Gaylor DW, Neubrander JA: Metabolic biomarkers of increased oxidative stress and impaired methylation capacity in children with autism. Am J Clin Nutr 2004, 80 (6):1611-1617.
103. Alleva R, Nasole E, Di Donato F, Borghi B, Neuzil J, Tomasetti M: alpha-Lipoic acid supplementation inhibits oxidative damage, accelerating chronic wound healing in patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005, 333(2):404-410.
104. Ozden TA, Uzun H, Bohloli M, Toklu AS, Paksoy M, Simsek G, Durak H, Issever H, Ipek T: The effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on oxidant and antioxidants levels during liver regeneration in rats. Tohoku J Exp Med 2004, 203(4):253-265.
105. Gregorevic P, Lynch GS, Williams DA: Hyperbaric oxygen modulates antioxidant enzyme activity in rat skeletal muscles. Eur J Appl Physiol 2001, 86(1):24-27.
106. Gulec B, Yasar M, Yildiz S, Oter S, Akay C, Deveci S, Sen D: Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on experimental acute distal colitis. Physiol Res 2004, 53(5):493-499.
107. Nie H, Xiong L, Lao N, Chen S, Xu N, Zhu Z: Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning induces tolerance against spinal cord ischemia by upregulation of antioxidant enzymes in rabbits. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2006, 26(5):666-674.
108. Sharifi M, Fares W, Abdel-Karim I, Koch JM, Sopko J, Adler D: Usefulness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to inhibit restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 2004, 93(12):1533-1535.
109. Speit G, Dennog C, Eichhorn U, Rothfuss A, Kaina B: Induction of heme oxygenase-1 and adaptive protection against the induction of DNA damage after hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Carcinogenesis 2000, 21 (10):1795-1799.
110. Rothfuss A, Radermacher P, Speit G: Involvement of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the adaptive protection of human lymphocytes after hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment. Carcinogenesis 2001, 22(12):1979-1985.
111. Rothfuss A, Speit G: Investigations on the mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO)-induced adaptive protection against oxidative stress. Mutat Res 2002, 508(1-2):157-165.
112. Thom SR: Oxidative stress is fundamental to hyperbaric oxygen therapy. J Appl Physiol 2009, 106(3):988-995.
113. Audhya T: Autism Research Institute Garden Grove Think Tank Meeting, 2007. In Adjustment of SOD, GPO & catalase activity in RBC of normal and autistic children during hyperoxia. Garden Grove, CA:; 2007.
114. Dickinson DA, Forman HJ: Glutathione in defense and signaling: lessons from a small thiol. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002, 973:488-504.
115. Anonymous: Little Michael's development had stopped--It was called "childhood autism" until hyperbaric oxygen therapy!. Hyperbaric Oxygen Report 1994, 1(1):1-3.
116. Henricks CL: Ani's story: A case study in late improvement in neurologic function after hyperbaric oxygenation therapy. J Amer Physicians Surg 2010, 15(3):94-95.
117. Burke C: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. Supertwins Magazine 2007, 17(2):1-2.
118. Treating children with autism using hyperbaric oxygen therapy: [http://www.hyperbaricmedicinecenter.com/images/pdf/autism_study.pdf].
119. Rossignol DA, Rossignol LW: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may improve symptoms in autistic children. Med Hypotheses 2006, 67(2):216-228.
120. Granpeesheh D, Tarbox J, Dixon DR, Wilke AE, Allen MS, Bradstreet JJ: Randomized trial of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for children with autism. Research Autism Spectrum Disorders 2010, 4:268-275.
121. Lerman DC, Sansbury T, Hovanetz A, Wolever E, Garcia A, O'Brien E, Adedipe H: Using behavior analysis to examine the outcomes of unproven therapies: An evaluation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for children with autism. Behavior Analysis in Practice 2009, 1(2):50-58.
122. Chungpaibulpatana J, Sumpatanarax T, Thadakul N, Chantharatreerat C, Konkaew M, Aroonlimsawas M: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in Thai autistic children. J Med Assoc Thai 2008, 91(8):1232-1238.
123. Jepson B, Granpeesheh D, Tarbox J, Olive ML, Stott C, Braud S, Yoo JH, Wakefield A, Allen MS: Controlled Evaluation of the Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on the Behavior of 16 Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2011, 41(5):575-588.
124. Ghanizadeh A: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for treatment of children with autism, a systematic review of randomized trials. Med Gas Res 2012, 2 (1):13.
125. Rossignol DA, Rossignol LW, Smith S, Schneider C, Logerquist S, Usman A, Neubrander J, Madren EM, Hintz G, Grushkin B, et al: Hyperbaric treatment for children with autism: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2009, 9:21.
126. Cohen J: Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (second edition). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988.
127. Clarke D: Effective patient blinding during hyperbaric trials. Undersea Hyperb Med 2009, 36(1):13-17.
128. Clarke RE, Tenorio LM, Hussey JR, Toklu AS, Cone DL, Hinojosa JG, Desai SP, Dominguez Parra L, Rodrigues SD, Long RJ, et al: Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of chronic refractory radiation proctitis: a randomized and controlled double-blind crossover trial with long-term follow-up. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008, 72(1):134-143.