메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 7, 2015, Pages

Rapidly Evolving Genes Are Key Players in Host Specialization and Virulence of the Fungal Wheat Pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici (Mycosphaerella graminicola)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GENOMIC DNA;

EID: 84938765406     PISSN: 15537366     EISSN: 15537374     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005055     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (77)

References (46)
  • 1
    • 77954815758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking the emergence of fungal plant diseases with ecological speciation
    • Giraud T, Gladieux P, Gavrilets S, (2010) Linking the emergence of fungal plant diseases with ecological speciation. Trends Ecol Evol 25: 387–395. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2010.03.006 20434790
    • (2010) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.25 , pp. 387-395
    • Giraud, T.1    Gladieux, P.2    Gavrilets, S.3
  • 2
    • 84881257280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution, selection and isolation: a genomic view of speciation in fungal plant pathogens
    • Stukenbrock EH, (2013) Evolution, selection and isolation: a genomic view of speciation in fungal plant pathogens. New Phytol.
    • (2013) New Phytol
    • Stukenbrock, E.H.1
  • 3
    • 78650149135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome evolution following host jumps in the Irish potato famine pathogen lineage
    • Raffaele S, Farrer RA, Cano LM, Studholme DJ, MacLean D, et al. (2010) Genome evolution following host jumps in the Irish potato famine pathogen lineage. Science 330: 1540–1543. doi: 10.1126/science.1193070 21148391
    • (2010) Science , vol.330 , pp. 1540-1543
    • Raffaele, S.1    Farrer, R.A.2    Cano, L.M.3    Studholme, D.J.4    MacLean, D.5
  • 4
    • 84874772540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant-Symbiotic Fungi as Chemical Engineers: Multi-Genome Analysis of the Clavicipitaceae Reveals Dynamics of Alkaloid Loci
    • Schardl CL, Young CA, Hesse U, Amyotte SG, Andreeva K, et al. (2013) Plant-Symbiotic Fungi as Chemical Engineers: Multi-Genome Analysis of the Clavicipitaceae Reveals Dynamics of Alkaloid Loci. PLoS Genet 9.
    • (2013) PLoS Genet , vol.9
    • Schardl, C.L.1    Young, C.A.2    Hesse, U.3    Amyotte, S.G.4    Andreeva, K.5
  • 5
    • 34247366070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical variation and positive diversifying selection in the host-specific toxin SnToxA
    • Stukenbrock EH, McDonald BA, (2007) Geographical variation and positive diversifying selection in the host-specific toxin SnToxA. Mol Plant Pathol 8: 321–332. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00396.x 20507502
    • (2007) Mol Plant Pathol , vol.8 , pp. 321-332
    • Stukenbrock, E.H.1    McDonald, B.A.2
  • 6
    • 84877777277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coevolution and life cycle specialization of plant cell wall degrading enzymes in a hemibiotrophic pathogen
    • Brunner PC, Torriani SFF, Croll D, Stukenbrock EH, McDonald BA, (2013) Coevolution and life cycle specialization of plant cell wall degrading enzymes in a hemibiotrophic pathogen. Mol Biol Evol 30: 1337–1347. doi: 10.1093/molbev/mst041 23515261
    • (2013) Mol Biol Evol , vol.30 , pp. 1337-1347
    • Brunner, P.C.1    Torriani, S.F.F.2    Croll, D.3    Stukenbrock, E.H.4    McDonald, B.A.5
  • 7
    • 84872251579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Septoria tritici blotch (STB) of wheat Septoria tritici blotch (STB) of wheat
    • Ponomarenko A, Goodwin SB, Kema GHJ, (2011) Septoria tritici blotch (STB) of wheat Septoria tritici blotch (STB) of wheat. Plant Heal Instr: 1–7.
    • (2011) Plant Heal Instr , pp. 1-7
    • Ponomarenko, A.1    Goodwin, S.B.2    Kema, G.H.J.3
  • 8
    • 82955200227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The making of a new pathogen: insights from comparative population genomics of the domesticated wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola and its wild sister species
    • Stukenbrock EH, Bataillon T, Dutheil JY, Hansen TT, Li R, et al. (2011) The making of a new pathogen: insights from comparative population genomics of the domesticated wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola and its wild sister species. Genome Res 21: 2157–2166. doi: 10.1101/gr.118851.110 21994252
    • (2011) Genome Res , vol.21 , pp. 2157-2166
    • Stukenbrock, E.H.1    Bataillon, T.2    Dutheil, J.Y.3    Hansen, T.T.4    Li, R.5
  • 9
    • 0022507362 scopus 로고
    • Simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions
    • Nei M, Gojobori T, (1986) Simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions. Mol Biol Evol 3: 418–426. 3444411
    • (1986) Mol Biol Evol , vol.3 , pp. 418-426
    • Nei, M.1    Gojobori, T.2
  • 10
    • 77957367439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of RCC1 chromatin factor bound to the nucleosome core particle
    • Makde RD, England JR, Yennawar HP, Tan S, (2010) Structure of RCC1 chromatin factor bound to the nucleosome core particle. Nature 467: 562–566. doi: 10.1038/nature09321 20739938
    • (2010) Nature , vol.467 , pp. 562-566
    • Makde, R.D.1    England, J.R.2    Yennawar, H.P.3    Tan, S.4
  • 11
    • 0028097921 scopus 로고
    • The structure and function of proline-rich regions in proteins
    • Williamson MP, (1994) The structure and function of proline-rich regions in proteins. Biochem J 297: 249–260. 8297327
    • (1994) Biochem J , vol.297 , pp. 249-260
    • Williamson, M.P.1
  • 12
    • 51849086869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origins of plant pathogens in agro-ecosystems
    • Stukenbrock EH, McDonald BA, (2008) The origins of plant pathogens in agro-ecosystems. Annu Rev Phytopathol 46: 75–100. doi: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.010708.154114 18680424
    • (2008) Annu Rev Phytopathol , vol.46 , pp. 75-100
    • Stukenbrock, E.H.1    McDonald, B.A.2
  • 13
    • 34547803197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PAML 4: phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood
    • Yang Z, (2007) PAML 4: phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. Mol Biol Evol 24: 1586–1591. 17483113
    • (2007) Mol Biol Evol , vol.24 , pp. 1586-1591
    • Yang, Z.1
  • 14
    • 3042521098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved prediction of signal peptides: SignalP 3.0
    • Bendtsen JD, Nielsen H, von Heijne G, Brunak S, (2004) Improved prediction of signal peptides: SignalP 3.0. J Mol Biol 340: 783–795. 15223320
    • (2004) J Mol Biol , vol.340 , pp. 783-795
    • Bendtsen, J.D.1    Nielsen, H.2    von Heijne, G.3    Brunak, S.4
  • 15
    • 0037532404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the red fluorescent protein DsRed-Express in filamentous ascomycete fungi
    • Mikkelsen L, Sarrocco S, Lübeck M, Jensen DF, (2003) Expression of the red fluorescent protein DsRed-Express in filamentous ascomycete fungi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 223: 135–139. 12799012
    • (2003) FEMS Microbiol Lett , vol.223 , pp. 135-139
    • Mikkelsen, L.1    Sarrocco, S.2    Lübeck, M.3    Jensen, D.F.4
  • 16
    • 79958055482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of two in planta expressed LysM effector homologs from the fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola reveals novel functional properties and varying contributions to virulence on wheat
    • Marshall R, Kombrink A, Motteram J, Loza-Reyes E, Lucas J, et al. (2011) Analysis of two in planta expressed LysM effector homologs from the fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola reveals novel functional properties and varying contributions to virulence on wheat. Plant Physiol 156: 756–769. doi: 10.1104/pp.111.176347 21467214
    • (2011) Plant Physiol , vol.156 , pp. 756-769
    • Marshall, R.1    Kombrink, A.2    Motteram, J.3    Loza-Reyes, E.4    Lucas, J.5
  • 17
    • 77955867181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conserved fungal LysM effector Ecp6 prevents chitin-triggered immunity in plants
    • De Jonge R, van Esse HP, Kombrink A, Shinya T, Desaki Y, et al. (2010) Conserved fungal LysM effector Ecp6 prevents chitin-triggered immunity in plants. Science 329: 953–955. doi: 10.1126/science.1190859 20724636
    • (2010) Science , vol.329 , pp. 953-955
    • De Jonge, R.1    van Esse, H.P.2    Kombrink, A.3    Shinya, T.4    Desaki, Y.5
  • 18
    • 77954065271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I-TASSER: a unified platform for automated protein structure and function prediction
    • Roy A, Kucukural A, Zhang Y, (2010) I-TASSER: a unified platform for automated protein structure and function prediction. Nat Protoc 5: 725–738. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2010.5 20360767
    • (2010) Nat Protoc , vol.5 , pp. 725-738
    • Roy, A.1    Kucukural, A.2    Zhang, Y.3
  • 19
    • 34548694060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allelic variation in the effector genes of the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum reveals different modes of adaptive evolution
    • Stergiopoulos I, De Kock MJD, Lindhout P, De Wit PJGM, (2007) Allelic variation in the effector genes of the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum reveals different modes of adaptive evolution. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 20: 1271–1283. 17918629
    • (2007) Mol Plant Microbe Interact , vol.20 , pp. 1271-1283
    • Stergiopoulos, I.1    De Kock, M.J.D.2    Lindhout, P.3    De Wit, P.J.G.M.4
  • 20
    • 84893146052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effector specialization in a lineage of the Irish potato famine pathogen
    • Dong S, Stam R, Cano LM, Song J, Sklenar J, et al. (2014) Effector specialization in a lineage of the Irish potato famine pathogen. Science 343: 552–555. doi: 10.1126/science.1246300 24482481
    • (2014) Science , vol.343 , pp. 552-555
    • Dong, S.1    Stam, R.2    Cano, L.M.3    Song, J.4    Sklenar, J.5
  • 21
    • 84860365521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genes under positive selection in a model plant pathogenic fungus, Botrytis
    • Aguileta G, Lengelle J, Chiapello H, Giraud T, Viaud M, et al. (2012) Genes under positive selection in a model plant pathogenic fungus, Botrytis. Infect Genet Evol 12: 987–996. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.02.012 22406010
    • (2012) Infect Genet Evol , vol.12 , pp. 987-996
    • Aguileta, G.1    Lengelle, J.2    Chiapello, H.3    Giraud, T.4    Viaud, M.5
  • 22
    • 84883329372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissecting the role of G-protein signalling in primary metabolism in the wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum
    • Gummer JPA, Trengove RD, Oliver RP, Solomon PS, (2013) Dissecting the role of G-protein signalling in primary metabolism in the wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum. Microbiology 159: 1972–1985. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.067009-0 23744904
    • (2013) Microbiology , vol.159 , pp. 1972-1985
    • Gummer, J.P.A.1    Trengove, R.D.2    Oliver, R.P.3    Solomon, P.S.4
  • 23
    • 0036712096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between secondary metabolism and fungal development
    • Calvo AM, Wilson RA, Bok JW, Keller NP, (2002) Relationship between secondary metabolism and fungal development. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 66: 447–459, table of contents. 12208999
    • (2002) Microbiol Mol Biol Rev , vol.66 , pp. 447-459
    • Calvo, A.M.1    Wilson, R.A.2    Bok, J.W.3    Keller, N.P.4
  • 24
    • 33751579307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathogen-host interactions database (PHI-base) provides insights into generic and novel themes of pathogenicity
    • Baldwin TK, Winnenburg R, Urban M, Rawlings C, Koehler J, et al. (2006) The pathogen-host interactions database (PHI-base) provides insights into generic and novel themes of pathogenicity. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 19: 1451–1462. 17153929
    • (2006) Mol Plant Microbe Interact , vol.19 , pp. 1451-1462
    • Baldwin, T.K.1    Winnenburg, R.2    Urban, M.3    Rawlings, C.4    Koehler, J.5
  • 25
    • 77749264327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae XKK.12 contains an AroQgamma chorismate mutase that is involved in rice virulence
    • Degrassi G, Devescovi G, Bigirimana J, Venturi V, (2010) Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae XKK.12 contains an AroQgamma chorismate mutase that is involved in rice virulence. Phytopathology 100: 262–270. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-100-3-0262 20128700
    • (2010) Phytopathology , vol.100 , pp. 262-270
    • Degrassi, G.1    Devescovi, G.2    Bigirimana, J.3    Venturi, V.4
  • 26
    • 33750597877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights from the genome of the biotrophic fungal plant pathogen Ustilago maydis
    • Kamper J, Kahmann R, Bolker M, Ma L- JJ, Brefort T, et al. (2006) Insights from the genome of the biotrophic fungal plant pathogen Ustilago maydis. Nature 444: 97–101. 17080091
    • (2006) Nature , vol.444 , pp. 97-101
    • Kamper, J.1    Kahmann, R.2    Bolker, M.3    Ma L-, J.J.4    Brefort, T.5
  • 27
    • 65649126332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming a NEP1 toxin gene into two Fusarium spp. to enhance mycoherbicide activity on Orobanche—failure and success
    • Meir S, Amsellem Z, Al-Ahmad H, Safran E, Gressel J, (2009) Transforming a NEP1 toxin gene into two Fusarium spp. to enhance mycoherbicide activity on Orobanche—failure and success. Pest Manag Sci 65: 588–595. doi: 10.1002/ps.1736 19291699
    • (2009) Pest Manag Sci , vol.65 , pp. 588-595
    • Meir, S.1    Amsellem, Z.2    Al-Ahmad, H.3    Safran, E.4    Gressel, J.5
  • 28
    • 0025149080 scopus 로고
    • A yeast mutant, PRP20, altered in mRNA metabolism and maintenance of the nuclear structure, is defective in a gene homologous to the human gene RCC1 which is involved in the control of chromosome condensation
    • Aebi M, Clark MW, Vijayraghavan U, Abelson J, (1990) A yeast mutant, PRP20, altered in mRNA metabolism and maintenance of the nuclear structure, is defective in a gene homologous to the human gene RCC1 which is involved in the control of chromosome condensation. Mol Gen Genet 224: 72–80. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2277633. Accessed 13 November 2014. 2277633
    • (1990) Mol Gen Genet , vol.224 , pp. 72-80
    • Aebi, M.1    Clark, M.W.2    Vijayraghavan, U.3    Abelson, J.4
  • 29
    • 0027182286 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of RNA processing and transport by a nuclear guanine nucleotide release protein and members of the Ras superfamily
    • Kadowaki T, Goldfarb D, Spitz LM, Tartakoff AM, Ohno M, (1993) Regulation of RNA processing and transport by a nuclear guanine nucleotide release protein and members of the Ras superfamily. EMBO J 12: 2929–2937. 7687541
    • (1993) EMBO J , vol.12 , pp. 2929-2937
    • Kadowaki, T.1    Goldfarb, D.2    Spitz, L.M.3    Tartakoff, A.M.4    Ohno, M.5
  • 30
    • 0024676037 scopus 로고
    • Yeast pheromone response pathway: characterization of a suppressor that restores mating to receptorless mutants
    • Clark KL, Sprague GF, (1989) Yeast pheromone response pathway: characterization of a suppressor that restores mating to receptorless mutants. Mol Cell Biol 9: 2682–2694. 2548085
    • (1989) Mol Cell Biol , vol.9 , pp. 2682-2694
    • Clark, K.L.1    Sprague, G.F.2
  • 31
    • 0028009578 scopus 로고
    • A fission yeast RCC1-related protein is required for the mitosis to interphase transition
    • Sazer S, Nurse P, (1994) A fission yeast RCC1-related protein is required for the mitosis to interphase transition. EMBO J 13: 606–615. 8313905
    • (1994) EMBO J , vol.13 , pp. 606-615
    • Sazer, S.1    Nurse, P.2
  • 32
    • 79960944810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic evolution of pathogenicity revealed by sequencing and comparative genomics of 19 Pseudomonas syringae isolates
    • Baltrus DA, Nishimura MT, Romanchuk A, Chang JH, Mukhtar MS, et al. (2011) Dynamic evolution of pathogenicity revealed by sequencing and comparative genomics of 19 Pseudomonas syringae isolates. PLoS Pathog 7: e1002132. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002132 21799664
    • (2011) PLoS Pathog , vol.7 , pp. e1002132
    • Baltrus, D.A.1    Nishimura, M.T.2    Romanchuk, A.3    Chang, J.H.4    Mukhtar, M.S.5
  • 33
    • 79959834134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finished Genome of the Fungal Wheat Pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola Reveals Dispensome Structure, Chromosome Plasticity, and Stealth Pathogenesis
    • Goodwin SB, Ben M’barek S, Dhillon B, Wittenberg AH, Crane CF, et al. (2011) Finished Genome of the Fungal Wheat Pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola Reveals Dispensome Structure, Chromosome Plasticity, and Stealth Pathogenesis. PLoS Genet 7: e1002070. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002070 21695235
    • (2011) PLoS Genet , vol.7 , pp. e1002070
    • Goodwin, S.B.1    Ben M’barek, S.2    Dhillon, B.3    Wittenberg, A.H.4    Crane, C.F.5
  • 34
    • 74549125386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SeaView version 4: A multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building
    • Gouy M, Guindon S, Gascuel O, (2010) SeaView version 4: A multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building. Mol Biol Evol 27: 221–224. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msp259 19854763
    • (2010) Mol Biol Evol , vol.27 , pp. 221-224
    • Gouy, M.1    Guindon, S.2    Gascuel, O.3
  • 35
    • 3042666256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput
    • Edgar RC, (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res 32: 1792–1797. 15034147
    • (2004) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.32 , pp. 1792-1797
    • Edgar, R.C.1
  • 36
    • 0031960185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synonymous and nonsynonymous rate variation in nuclear genes of mammals
    • Yang Z, Nielsen R, (1998) Synonymous and nonsynonymous rate variation in nuclear genes of mammals. J Mol Evol 46: 409–418. 9541535
    • (1998) J Mol Evol , vol.46 , pp. 409-418
    • Yang, Z.1    Nielsen, R.2
  • 37
    • 77950806408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0
    • Guindon S, Dufayard J-F, Lefort V, Anisimova M, Hordijk W, et al. (2010) New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Syst Biol 59: 307–321. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syq010 20525638
    • (2010) Syst Biol , vol.59 , pp. 307-321
    • Guindon, S.1    Dufayard, J.-F.2    Lefort, V.3    Anisimova, M.4    Hordijk, W.5
  • 38
    • 69249212321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated comparative protein structure modeling with SWISS-MODEL and Swiss-PdbViewer: a historical perspective
    • Guex N, Peitsch MC, Schwede T, (2009) Automated comparative protein structure modeling with SWISS-MODEL and Swiss-PdbViewer: a historical perspective. Electrophoresis 30 Suppl 1: S162–S173. doi: 10.1002/elps.200900140 19517507
    • (2009) Electrophoresis , vol.30 , pp. S162-S173
    • Guex, N.1    Peitsch, M.C.2    Schwede, T.3
  • 39
    • 78449264099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The {PyMOL} Molecular Graphics System
    • Schrödinger, LLC (2010) The {PyMOL} Molecular Graphics System, Version~1.3r1.
    • (2010)
    • Schrödinger, L.L.C.1
  • 40
    • 0030946720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic Variation for Virulence and Resistance in the Wheat-Mycosphaerella graminicola Pathosystem III. Comparative Seedling and Adult Plant Experiments
    • Kema GH, van Silfhout CH, (1997) Genetic Variation for Virulence and Resistance in the Wheat-Mycosphaerella graminicola Pathosystem III. Comparative Seedling and Adult Plant Experiments. Phytopathology 87: 266–272. 18945169
    • (1997) Phytopathology , vol.87 , pp. 266-272
    • Kema, G.H.1    van Silfhout, C.H.2
  • 41
    • 77955240924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical advance New capabilities for Mycosphaerella graminicola research
    • Bowler J, Scott E, Tailor R, Scalliet G, Ray J, et al. (2010) Technical advance New capabilities for Mycosphaerella graminicola research. Mol Plant Pathol 11: 691–704. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00629.x 20696006
    • (2010) Mol Plant Pathol , vol.11 , pp. 691-704
    • Bowler, J.1    Scott, E.2    Tailor, R.3    Scalliet, G.4    Ray, J.5
  • 42
    • 0025904666 scopus 로고
    • Ligase-free subcloning: a versatile method to subclone polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products in a single day
    • Shuldiner AR, Tanner K, Scott LA, Moore CA, Roth J, (1991) Ligase-free subcloning: a versatile method to subclone polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products in a single day. Anal Biochem 194: 9–15. 1651068
    • (1991) Anal Biochem , vol.194 , pp. 9-15
    • Shuldiner, A.R.1    Tanner, K.2    Scott, L.A.3    Moore, C.A.4    Roth, J.5
  • 43
    • 67349270900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzymatic assembly of DNA molecules up to several hundred kilobases
    • Gibson DG, Young L, Chuang R-Y, Venter JC, Hutchison CA, et al. (2009) Enzymatic assembly of DNA molecules up to several hundred kilobases. Nat Methods 6: 343–345. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.1318 19363495
    • (2009) Nat Methods , vol.6 , pp. 343-345
    • Gibson, D.G.1    Young, L.2    Chuang, R.-Y.3    Venter, J.C.4    Hutchison, C.A.5
  • 44
    • 0034877050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene disruption in the phytopathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola
    • Zwiers LH, De Waard MA, (2001) Efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene disruption in the phytopathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola. Curr Genet 39: 388–393. 11525415
    • (2001) Curr Genet , vol.39 , pp. 388-393
    • Zwiers, L.H.1    De Waard, M.A.2
  • 45
  • 46
    • 0016700864 scopus 로고
    • Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis
    • Southern EM, (1975) Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol 98: 503–517. 1195397
    • (1975) J Mol Biol , vol.98 , pp. 503-517
    • Southern, E.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.