메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 80, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 491-502

The limits of crisis data: analytical and ethical challenges of using social and mobile data to understand disasters

Author keywords

Crisis informatics; Critical data studies; Disasters; Ethics; Privacy

Indexed keywords

DISASTERS; HURRICANES; PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECTS; PUBLIC RISKS; SOCIAL NETWORKING (ONLINE);

EID: 84938741324     PISSN: 03432521     EISSN: 15729893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10708-014-9597-z     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (156)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 84861974217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical questions for big data: Provocations for a cultural, technological, and scholarly phenomenon
    • boyd, d., & Crawford, K. (2012). Critical questions for big data: Provocations for a cultural, technological, and scholarly phenomenon. Information, Communication, & Society,15(5), 662–679.
    • (2012) Information, Communication, & Society , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 662-679
    • Crawford, K.1
  • 2
    • 84938755772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brenner, J. & Smith A. (2013a). 72% of online adults are social networking site users. Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project. Accessed August 5, 2013
    • Brenner, J. & Smith A. (2013a). 72% of online adults are social networking site users. Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project. http://pewinternet.org/~/media//Files/Reports/2013/PIP_Social_networking_sites_update_PDF. Accessed August 5, 2013.
  • 3
    • 84896866770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moments of closure in the knowledge politics of digital humanitarianism
    • Burns, R. (2014a). Moments of closure in the knowledge politics of digital humanitarianism. Geoforum,53(1), 51–62.
    • (2014) Geoforum , vol.53 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-62
    • Burns, R.1
  • 4
    • 84938751514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Burns, R. (2014b). Rethinking big data in digital humanitarianism: Practices, epistemologies, and social relations. Geojournal Online First,. Accessed October 27, 2014
    • Burns, R. (2014b). Rethinking big data in digital humanitarianism: Practices, epistemologies, and social relations. Geojournal Online First,. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10708-014-9599-x. Accessed October 27, 2014.
  • 5
    • 33751569518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Popular media reframing of man-made disasters
    • Hoffman SM, Oliver-Smith A, (eds), School of American Research Press, Santa Fe
    • Button, G. V. (2002). Popular media reframing of man-made disasters. In S. M. Hoffman & A. Oliver-Smith (Eds.), Catastrophe and culture: The anthropology of disaster (pp. 143–158). Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
    • (2002) Catastrophe and culture: The anthropology of disaster , pp. 143-158
    • Button, G.V.1
  • 7
    • 12344288036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A world of emergencies: Fear, intervention, and the limits of cosmopolitan order
    • Calhoun, C. (2004). A world of emergencies: Fear, intervention, and the limits of cosmopolitan order. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie,41(4), 373–395.
    • (2004) Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 373-395
    • Calhoun, C.1
  • 8
    • 84938755774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clémenzo, J.Y. (2011) Ushahidi project and Mission 4636 in Haiti: Participation, representation and political economy (Thesis). Accessed October 27, 2014
    • Clémenzo, J.Y. (2011) Ushahidi project and Mission 4636 in Haiti: Participation, representation and political economy (Thesis). http://jeanyvesclemenzo.ch/Nouveausite/Recherches/DFA24093-B92E-4A34-9746-564DE2E4BC0A_files/ResearchUshahidi.pdf. Accessed October 27, 2014.
  • 9
    • 84903091651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Configuring the Networked Self: Law, Code
    • New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
    • Cohen, J. (2012). Configuring the Networked Self: Law, Code, and the Play of Everyday Practice. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
    • (2012) and the Play of Everyday Practice
    • Cohen, J.1
  • 10
    • 84919852928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data motility: The materiality of big social data
    • Cote, M. (2014). Data motility: The materiality of big social data. Cultural Studies Review,20(1), 121–149.
    • (2014) Cultural Studies Review , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 121-149
    • Cote, M.1
  • 11
    • 84938755776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whispering news: From word of mouth to the ambient news network
    • Meikle G, Redden G, (eds), Palgrave Macmillan, London
    • Crawford, K. (2010). Whispering news: From word of mouth to the ambient news network. In G. Meikle & G. Redden (Eds.), News online: Transformations and continuities. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
    • (2010) News online: Transformations and continuities
    • Crawford, K.1
  • 12
    • 84938755777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crawford, K. (2013). Hidden biases in big data. Harvard Business Review. April 1. Accessed April 2, 2013
    • Crawford, K. (2013). Hidden biases in big data. Harvard Business Review. April 1. http://blogs.hbr.org/cs/2013/04/the_hidden_biases_in_big_data.html. Accessed April 2, 2013.
  • 13
    • 84938755778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crawford, K., Meier, P., Perlich, C., Luers, A., Falieros, G., & Thorp, J. (2013). Big data, communities and ethical resilience: A framework for action. Bellagio white paper. Rockefeller Foundation. Accessed November 21, 2013
    • Crawford, K., Meier, P., Perlich, C., Luers, A., Falieros, G., & Thorp, J. (2013). Big data, communities and ethical resilience: A framework for action. Bellagio white paper. Rockefeller Foundation. http://poptech.org/system/uploaded_files/66/original/BellagioFramework.pdf. Accessed November 21, 2013.
  • 14
    • 84906345567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Big data and due process: Toward a framework to redress predictive privacy harms
    • Crawford, K., & Schultz, J. M. (2014). Big data and due process: Toward a framework to redress predictive privacy harms. Boston College Law Review,55(1), 93–128.
    • (2014) Boston College Law Review , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-128
    • Crawford, K.1    Schultz, J.M.2
  • 15
    • 67649904983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placemarks and waterlines: Racialized cyberscapes in post Katrina Google Earth
    • Crutcher, M., & Zook, M. (2009). Placemarks and waterlines: Racialized cyberscapes in post Katrina Google Earth. Geoforum,40(4), 523–534.
    • (2009) Geoforum , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 523-534
    • Crutcher, M.1    Zook, M.2
  • 16
    • 84938755779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De Micheli, C. & Stroppa, A. (2013). Twitter and the underground market. 11th Nexa lunch seminar, Turin, Italy. Accessed July 22, 2013
    • De Micheli, C. & Stroppa, A. (2013). Twitter and the underground market. 11th Nexa lunch seminar, Turin, Italy. http://nexa.polito.it/nexacenterfiles/lunch-11-de_micheli-stroppa.pdf. Accessed July 22, 2013.
  • 17
    • 84938755780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis tool or research methodology? Is there an epistemology for patterns?
    • Berry D, (ed), Palgrave Macmillan, London
    • Dixon, D. (2012). Analysis tool or research methodology? Is there an epistemology for patterns? In D. Berry (Ed.), Understanding digital humanities. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
    • (2012) Understanding digital humanities
    • Dixon, D.1
  • 18
    • 84861091147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dugdale, J., Van de Walle, B., & Koeppinghoff C. (2012). Social media and SMS in the Haiti Earthquake. In Proceedings of the 21st international conference companion on world wide web. ACM
    • Dugdale, J., Van de Walle, B., & Koeppinghoff C. (2012). Social media and SMS in the Haiti Earthquake. In Proceedings of the 21st international conference companion on world wide web. ACM.
  • 19
    • 84855995176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twitter earthquake detection: Earthquake monitoring in a social world
    • Earle, P. S., Bowden, D. C., & Guy, M. (2011). Twitter earthquake detection: Earthquake monitoring in a social world. Annals of Geophysics,54(6), 708–715.
    • (2011) Annals of Geophysics , vol.54 , Issue.6 , pp. 708-715
    • Earle, P.S.1    Bowden, D.C.2    Guy, M.3
  • 20
    • 84860200610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Researching volunteered geographic information: Spatial data, geographic research, and new social practice
    • Elwood, S., Goodchild, M. F., & Sui, D. Z. (2012). Researching volunteered geographic information: Spatial data, geographic research, and new social practice. Annals of the Association of American Geographers,102(3), 571–590.
    • (2012) Annals of the Association of American Geographers , vol.102 , Issue.3 , pp. 571-590
    • Elwood, S.1    Goodchild, M.F.2    Sui, D.Z.3
  • 22
    • 84873894861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crowd wisdom
    • Ford, H. (2012). Crowd wisdom. Index on Censorship,41(4), 33–39.
    • (2012) Index on Censorship , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 33-39
    • Ford, H.1
  • 23
    • 84938755782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lives of bots. In G. Lovink, & N. Tkacz, (Eds.), Critical point of view: A Wikipedia reader (pp
    • Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures
    • Geiger, R. S. (2011). Lives of bots. In G. Lovink, & N. Tkacz, (Eds.), Critical point of view: A Wikipedia reader (pp. 78–89). Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures.
    • (2011) 78–89)
    • Geiger, R.S.1
  • 24
    • 84894231638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bots, bespoke, code and the materiality of software platforms
    • Geiger, R. S. (2014). Bots, bespoke, code and the materiality of software platforms. New Media and Society,17(3), 342–356.
    • (2014) New Media and Society , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 342-356
    • Geiger, R.S.1
  • 25
    • 77950905447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geiger, R. S. & Ribes, D. (2010). The work of sustaining order in Wikipedia: The banning of a vandal. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work (CSCW). New York: ACM
    • Geiger, R. S. & Ribes, D. (2010). The work of sustaining order in Wikipedia: The banning of a vandal. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work (CSCW). New York: ACM.
  • 26
    • 77952158955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The politics of ‘Platforms’
    • Gillespie, T. (2010). The politics of ‘Platforms’. New Media and Society,12(3), 347–364.
    • (2010) New Media and Society , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 347-364
    • Gillespie, T.1
  • 27
    • 84894276563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relevance of algorithms
    • Gillespie T, Boczkowski PJ, Foot K, (eds), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Gillespie, T. (2014). The relevance of algorithms. In T. Gillespie, P. J. Boczkowski, & K. Foot (Eds.), Media technologies: Essays on communication, materiality and society (pp. 167–194). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    • (2014) Media technologies: Essays on communication, materiality and society , pp. 167-194
    • Gillespie, T.1
  • 28
    • 84900429376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grinberg, N., Naaman, M., Shaw, B. & Lotan, G. (2013) Extracting diurnal patterns of real world activity from social media. In Proceedings of the seventh international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media (ICWSM–13). Accessed June 16, 2013
    • Grinberg, N., Naaman, M., Shaw, B. & Lotan, G. (2013) Extracting diurnal patterns of real world activity from social media. In Proceedings of the seventh international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media (ICWSM–13). http://sm.rutgers.edu/pubs/Grinberg-SMPatterns-ICWSM2013.pdf. Accessed June 16, 2013.
  • 29
    • 84875944017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Informed consent, big data, and the oxymoron of research that is not research
    • Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2013). Informed consent, big data, and the oxymoron of research that is not research. The American Journal of Bioethics,13(4), 40–42.
    • (2013) The American Journal of Bioethics , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 40-42
    • Ioannidis, J.P.A.1
  • 31
    • 84938755786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lotan, G. (2012) #Sandy: Social media mapping. Social flow. Accessed July 11, 2014
    • Lotan, G. (2012) #Sandy: Social media mapping. Social flow. http://giladlotan.com/?p=7120245759. Accessed July 11, 2014.
  • 32
    • 84966868931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The revolutions were tweeted: Information flows during the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions
    • Lotan, G., Graeff, E., Ananny, M., Gaffney, D., Pearce, I., & boyd, d. (2011). The revolutions were tweeted: Information flows during the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions. International Journal of Communications,5(1), 1375–1405.
    • (2011) International Journal of Communications , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 1375-1405
    • Lotan, G.1    Graeff, E.2    Ananny, M.3    Gaffney, D.4    Pearce, I.5
  • 34
    • 79957925082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To see and be seen: Celebrity practice on Twitter
    • Marwick, Alice, & Danah, B. (2011). To see and be seen: Celebrity practice on Twitter. Convergence,17(2), 139–158.
    • (2011) Convergence , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-158
    • Marwick, A.1    Danah, B.2
  • 35
    • 84879409724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De-framing disaster: Affective encounters with raw and autonomous media
    • McCosker, A. (2013). De-framing disaster: Affective encounters with raw and autonomous media. Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies,27(3), 382–396.
    • (2013) Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 382-396
    • McCosker, A.1
  • 36
    • 84938755787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meier, P. (2011). What is crisis mapping? An update on the field and looking ahead, iRevolution Blog, January 20, 2011. Accessed May 5, 2014
    • Meier, P. (2011). What is crisis mapping? An update on the field and looking ahead, iRevolution Blog, January 20, 2011. http://irevolution.net/2011/01/20/what-is-crisis-mapping/. Accessed May 5, 2014.
  • 37
    • 84977785709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early results of MicroMappers response to Typhoon Yolanda (updated)
    • Meier, P. (2013a). Early results of MicroMappers response to Typhoon Yolanda (updated). IRevolution. http://irevolution.net/2013/11/13/early-results-micromappers-yolanda/.
    • (2013) IRevolution
    • Meier, P.1
  • 38
    • 84949087354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From Haiti earthquake to Typhoon Yolanda, IRevolution
    • Meier, P. (2013b). Digital humanitarians: From Haiti earthquake to Typhoon Yolanda. IRevolution. http://irevolution.net/2013/11/11/humanitarian-technology-haiti-to-yolanda/.
    • (2013) Digital humanitarians
    • Meier, P.1
  • 39
    • 84938755789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morrow, N., Mock, N., Papendieck, A. & Kocmich, N. (2011). Independent evaluation of the Ushahidi Haiti Project. Accessed March 11, 2013
    • Morrow, N., Mock, N., Papendieck, A. & Kocmich, N. (2011). Independent evaluation of the Ushahidi Haiti Project. http://community.ushahidi.com/research/relevant-literature/. Accessed March 11, 2013.
  • 40
    • 84875639898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crowdsourcing and the crisis-affected community: Lessons learned and looking forward from Mission 4636
    • Munro, R. (2013). Crowdsourcing and the crisis-affected community: Lessons learned and looking forward from Mission 4636. Information Retrieval,16(1), 210–266.
    • (2013) Information Retrieval , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 210-266
    • Munro, R.1
  • 42
    • 84938755790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • O’Connor, M. R. (2012). Two years later, Haitian earthquake death toll in dispute, Columbia Journalism Review. Accessed October 5, 2012
    • O’Connor, M. R. (2012). Two years later, Haitian earthquake death toll in dispute, Columbia Journalism Review. www.cjr.org/behind_the_news/one_year_later_haitian_earthqu.php. Accessed October 5, 2012.
  • 43
    • 84938755791 scopus 로고
    • Introduction. Disaster context and causation: An overview of changing perspectives in disaster research, in natural disasters and cultural responses
    • Oliver-Smith A, (ed), 36, College of William Mary, Williamsburg, VA
    • Oliver-Smith, A. (1986). Introduction. Disaster context and causation: An overview of changing perspectives in disaster research, in natural disasters and cultural responses. In A. Oliver-Smith (Ed.), Studies in third world Societies (Vol. 36). Williamsburg, VA: College of William Mary.
    • (1986) Studies in third world Societies
    • Oliver-Smith, A.1
  • 45
    • 84977785704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palen, L., Anderson, K. M., Mark, G., Martin, J., Sicker, D., Palmer, M., & Grunwald, D. (2010). A vision for technology-mediated support for public participation and assistance in mass emergencies and disasters. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM-BCS visions of computer science conference. British Computer Society
    • Palen, L., Anderson, K. M., Mark, G., Martin, J., Sicker, D., Palmer, M., & Grunwald, D. (2010). A vision for technology-mediated support for public participation and assistance in mass emergencies and disasters. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM-BCS visions of computer science conference. British Computer Society.
  • 46
    • 34147097461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online forums supporting grassroots participation in emergency preparedness and response
    • Palen, L., Hiltz, S. M., & Liu, S. L. (2007). Online forums supporting grassroots participation in emergency preparedness and response. Communications of the ACM,50(3), 54–58.
    • (2007) Communications of the ACM , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 54-58
    • Palen, L.1    Hiltz, S.M.2    Liu, S.L.3
  • 47
    • 84894342261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Without You I’m nothing: Performances of the self on Twitter
    • Papacharissi, Z. (2012). Without You I’m nothing: Performances of the self on Twitter. International Journal of Communications,6(1), 1989–2006.
    • (2012) International Journal of Communications , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 1989-2006
    • Papacharissi, Z.1
  • 48
    • 84859299552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affective news and networked publics: The rhythms of news storytelling on #Egypt
    • Papacharissi, Z., & de Fatima Oliveira, M. (2011). Affective news and networked publics: The rhythms of news storytelling on #Egypt. Journal of Communication,62(2), 266–282.
    • (2011) Journal of Communication , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 266-282
    • Papacharissi, Z.1    de Fatima Oliveira, M.2
  • 49
    • 84928110076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Big data, selection bias, and the statistical patterns of mortality in conflict
    • Price, M., & Ball, P. (2014). Big data, selection bias, and the statistical patterns of mortality in conflict. SAIS Review,XXXVI(1), 9–20.
    • (2014) SAIS Review , vol.XXXVI , Issue.1 , pp. 9-20
    • Price, M.1    Ball, P.2
  • 50
    • 84938755794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Puschmann, C. & Burgess, J. (2013). The politics of Twitter data. In K. Weller, A. Bruns, J. Burgess, M. Mahrt & C. Puschmann (Eds.) Twitter and society. New York: Peter Lang. Accessed June 6, 2013
    • Puschmann, C. & Burgess, J. (2013). The politics of Twitter data. In K. Weller, A. Bruns, J. Burgess, M. Mahrt & C. Puschmann (Eds.) Twitter and society. New York: Peter Lang. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/56737/. Accessed June 6, 2013.
  • 51
    • 84938755795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rainie, L. (2012). Smartphone ownership update: 2012. Accessed September 5, 2013
    • Rainie, L. (2012). Smartphone ownership update: 2012. http://www.pewinternet.com/Reports/2012/Smartphone-Update-Sept-2012.aspx. Accessed September 5, 2013.
  • 52
    • 33747850525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Governmentality, geography, and the geo-coded world
    • Rose-Redwood, R. (2006). Governmentality, geography, and the geo-coded world. Progress in Human Geography,30(4), 469–486.
    • (2006) Progress in Human Geography , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 469-486
    • Rose-Redwood, R.1
  • 53
    • 84938755796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sangari, K. (2009) Conjunction and flow: The gendered temporalities of (media) disaster. E-Media Studies 2(1). Accessed June 21, 2013
    • Sangari, K. (2009) Conjunction and flow: The gendered temporalities of (media) disaster. E-Media Studies2(1). http://journals.dartmouth.edu/cgi-bin/WebObjects/Journals.woa/2/xmlpage/4/article/335. Accessed June 21, 2013.
  • 55
    • 84899985665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sharing news, making sense, saying thanks: Patterns of talk on Twitter during the Queensland floods
    • Shaw, F., Burgess, J., Crawford, K., & Bruns, A. (2013). Sharing news, making sense, saying thanks: Patterns of talk on Twitter during the Queensland floods. Australian Journal of Communication,40(1), 23–40.
    • (2013) Australian Journal of Communication , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-40
    • Shaw, F.1    Burgess, J.2    Crawford, K.3    Bruns, A.4
  • 56
    • 84875655394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Islanding effect: Post-disaster mobility systems and humanitarian logistics in Haiti
    • Sheller, M. (2013). The Islanding effect: Post-disaster mobility systems and humanitarian logistics in Haiti. Cultural Geographies,20(2), 185–204.
    • (2013) Cultural Geographies , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 185-204
    • Sheller, M.1
  • 57
    • 84938755797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shih, G. (2012). Over 20 million tweets sent as Sandy struck. Reuters. Accessed November 3, 2013
    • Shih, G. (2012). Over 20 million tweets sent as Sandy struck. Reuters. http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/11/02/storm-sandy-twitter-idINDEE8A10AX20121102. Accessed November 3, 2013.
  • 58
    • 84938755798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solove, D. J. (2012). Privacy self-management and the consent dilemma. The George Washington University Law School. Public Law and Legal Theory Paper & Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2012-141. Accessed January 9, 2013
    • Solove, D. J. (2012). Privacy self-management and the consent dilemma. The George Washington University Law School. Public Law and Legal Theory Paper & Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2012-141. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2171018. Accessed January 9, 2013.
  • 59
    • 84878343391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A voice in the crowd: Broader implications for crowdsourcing translation during crisis
    • Sutherlin, G. (2013). A voice in the crowd: Broader implications for crowdsourcing translation during crisis. Journal of Information Science,39(3), 397–409.
    • (2013) Journal of Information Science , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 397-409
    • Sutherlin, G.1
  • 61
    • 84866107712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Privacy in the age of big data: A time for big decisions
    • Tene, O., & Polonetsky, J. (2012). Privacy in the age of big data: A time for big decisions. Stanford Law Review Online,64(63), 63–69.
    • (2012) Stanford Law Review Online , vol.64 , Issue.63 , pp. 63-69
    • Tene, O.1    Polonetsky, J.2
  • 62
    • 34848878616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From the margins to the mainstream? Disaster research at the crossroads
    • Tierney, K. (2007). From the margins to the mainstream? Disaster research at the crossroads. Annual Review of Sociology,33(1), 504–525.
    • (2007) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 504-525
    • Tierney, K.1
  • 64
    • 84938755799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tufekci, Z. (2014). Big Questions for social media big data: Representativeness, validity and other methodological pitfalls, In Proceedings of the international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media
    • Tufekci, Z. (2014). Big Questions for social media big data: Representativeness, validity and other methodological pitfalls, In Proceedings of the international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media.
  • 67
    • 84942067850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twitter as a reporting tool for breaking news
    • Vis, F. (2013a). Twitter as a reporting tool for breaking news. Digital Journalism,1(1), 27–47.
    • (2013) Digital Journalism , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-47
    • Vis, F.1
  • 68
    • 85184635466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vis, F. (2013b). A critical reflection on Big Data: Considering APIs, researchers and tools as data markers. First Monday, 18(10). Accessed October 22, 2013
    • Vis, F. (2013b). A critical reflection on Big Data: Considering APIs, researchers and tools as data markers. First Monday, 18(10). http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/rt/printerFriendly/4878/3755. Accessed October 22, 2013.
  • 69
    • 0020900532 scopus 로고
    • On the poverty of theory: Natural hazards research in context
    • Hewitt K, (ed), Allen & Unwin Inc, Boston, MA
    • Watts, M. (1983). On the poverty of theory: Natural hazards research in context. In K. Hewitt (Ed.), Interpretations of calamity from the viewpoint of human ecology. Boston, MA: Allen & Unwin Inc.
    • (1983) Interpretations of calamity from the viewpoint of human ecology
    • Watts, M.1
  • 70
    • 84938755801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Bank. (2010). Internet users (per 100 people). Accessed December 11, 2013
    • World Bank. (2010). Internet users (per 100 people). http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.P2. Accessed December 11, 2013.
  • 71
    • 84938755802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zickuhr, K. (2013b). Location-based services. Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project. Accessed September 12, 2013
    • Zickuhr, K. (2013b). Location-based services. Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project. http://pewinternet.org/~/media//Files/Reports/2013/PIP_Location-based%20services%202013.pdf. Accessed September 12, 2013.
  • 72
    • 84923261975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A topology of Twitter research: Disciplines, methods, and ethics
    • Zimmer, M., & Proferes, N. J. (2014). A topology of Twitter research: Disciplines, methods, and ethics. Aslib Journal of Information Management,66(3), 250–261.
    • (2014) Aslib Journal of Information Management , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 250-261
    • Zimmer, M.1    Proferes, N.J.2
  • 73
    • 79953892152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volunteered geographic information and crowdsourcing disaster relief: A case study of the Haitian earthquake
    • Zook, M., Graham, M., Shelton, T., & Gorman, S. (2010). Volunteered geographic information and crowdsourcing disaster relief: A case study of the Haitian earthquake. World Medical & Health Policy,2(2), 7–33.
    • (2010) World Medical & Health Policy , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 7-33
    • Zook, M.1    Graham, M.2    Shelton, T.3    Gorman, S.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.