The politics of 'platforms'

New Media and Society

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 347-364

  Gillespie, Tarleton ^a  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

Author keywords

Discourse; Distribution; Google; Platform; Policy; Video; YouTube

Indexed keywords

EID: 77952158955     PISSN: 14614448     EISSN: 14617315     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1461444809342738     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Allaire, J. and A. Berrey (2007) Internet TV Platforms Come of Age, Brightcove, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.brightcove.com/about-us/perspectives/internet-tv-platforms/.
2. Allen, M. (2008) Web 2.0: An Argument against Convergence, First Monday 13(3), URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2139/1946.
3. Andreessen, M. (2007) The Three Kinds of Platforms You Meet on the Internet, Blog.Pmarca. Com, URL (consulted Jan. 2010): http://pmarchive.com/three_kinds_of_platforms_you_meet_on_the_internet.
4. Bazerman, C. (1999) The Languages of Edison's Light. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
5. Benkler, Y. (2003) Freedom in the Commons: Towards a Political Economy of Information, Duke Law Journal 52: 1245-76, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?52+Duke+L.+J.+1245.
6. Benkler, Y. (2006) The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
7. Berland, J. (2000) Cultural Technologies and the Evolution of Technological Cultures, in A. Herman and T. Swiss (eds) The World Wide Web and Contemporary Cultural Theory, pp. 235-58. New York: Routledge.
8. Bourdieu, P. (1991) Language and Social Power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
9. Brightcove (2009a) The Brightcove Online Video Platform, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.brightcove.com/products/.
10. Brightcove (2009b) Brightcove.TV FAQ, URL (consulted April 2009): http://studio.brightcove.com/library/faq/bctv_discontinuation_faq.cfm.
11. Bruns, A. (2008) Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond: From Production to Produsage. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
12. Burgess, J. (2007) 'Vernacular Creativity and New Media', unpublished PhD dissertation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, URL (consulted April 2009): http://eprints.qut.edu.au/archive/00010076/01/Burgess_PhD_FINAL.pdf.
13. Burgess, J. and J. Green (2008) Agency and Controversy in the YouTube Community, paper presented at Association of Internet Researchers (AoIR) IR 9.0: Rethinking Communities, Rethinking Place, 16-18 October, URL (consulted April 2009): http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15383/.
14. Cammaerts, B. (2008) Critiques on the Participatory Potentials of Web 2.0, Communication, Culture & Critique 1(3): 358-77.
15. Couldry, N. (2008) Media and the Problem of Voice, in N. Carpentier and B. de Cleen (eds) Participation and Media Production: Critical Reflections on Content Creation. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
16. Driscoll, K. (2009) Won't Get Fooled Again, Hard Rock Fans React to Warner/Universal Takedowns, 27 February, YouTomb Blog, URL (consulted April 2009): http://youtomb.mit.edu/blog/?p=26.
17. Facebook (2009) Build Social Applications on Facebook Platform, URL (consulted April 2009): http://developers.facebook.com/.
18. Galperin, H. (2004) Beyond Interests, Ideas, and Technology: An Institutional Approach to Communication and Information Policy, The Information Society 20(3): 159-68.
19. Gannes, L. (2008a) YouTube: All Partners Are Not the Same, 16 April, NewTeeVee, URL (consulted April 2009): http://newteevee.com/2008/04/16/youtube-all-partners-are-not-the-same/.
20. Gannes, L. (2008b) YouTube Pays Users $1 Million, 16 April, NewTeeVee, URL (consulted April 2009): http://newteevee.com/2008/04/16/youtube-pays-users-1-million/.
21. Gieryn, T. (1999) Cultural Boundaries of Science: Credibility on the Line. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
22. Gillespie, T. (2006) Designed to Effectively Frustrate: Copyright, Technology, and the Agency of Users, New Media & Society 8(4): 651-69.
23. Gillespie, T. (2007) Wired Shut: Copyright and the Shape of Digital Culture. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
24. Google, Inc. (2008) Technology, Economic Growth, and Open Government: Priorities for 2009, URL (consulted April 2009): http://services.google.com/blog_resources/google_policyblog_tech_agenda.pdf.
25. Grimmelmann, J. (2007) 'The Structure of Search Engine Law. ' Iowa Law Review 93(1): 1-63.
26. Horrigan, J. (2007) A Typology of Information and Communication Technology Users, Pew Internet and American Life, 6 May, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2007/A-Typology-of-Information-and-Communication-Technology-Users.aspx.
27. Horwitz, R. (1989) The Irony of Regulatory Reform: The Deregulation of American Telecommunications. New York: Oxford University Press.
28. Hurley, C. (2008) 'YouTube CEO Chad Hurley's MIPCOM keynote address', 15 October, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXMPaQQ6y4A.
29. Jansen, D. (2009) YouTube's Fair Use Massacre, 5 February, Miro Internet TV Blog, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.getmiro.com/blog/2009/02/youtubes-fair-use-massacre/.
30. Jenkins, H. (2006) Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. New York: New York University Press.
31. Learmonth, M. (2009) Why Free-ride YouTube Is Finally Winning Ad Dollars, 13 April, Advertising Age, URL (consulted April 2009): http://adage.com/digital/article?article_id=135941.
32. Lyman, P. (2004) Information Superhighways, Virtual Communities, and Digital Libraries: Information Society Metaphors as Political Rhetoric, in M. Sturken, D. Thomas and S. Ball-Rokeach (eds) Technological Visions: The Hopes and Fears that Shape New Technologies, pp. 201-18. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
33. Manjoo, F. (2009) Do You Think Bandwidth Grows on Trees? 14 April, Slate, URL (consulted April 2009): http://slate.com/id/2216162.
34. Microsoft (1999) Microsoft Expands Commerce Platform to Deliver Comprehensive, Integrated Software and Services, 4 March, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/mar99/platformpr.mspx.
35. Microsoft (2000a) Microsoft Delivers Industry's Most Advanced Digital Media Platform with Windows Media Technologies 7, 17 July, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2000/Jul00/AdvancedPlatformPR.mspx.
36. Microsoft (2000b) Microsoft Unveils Vision for Next Generation Internet, 22 June, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2000/jun00/forumumbrellapr.mspx.
37. Microsoft (2003) Q&A: 'Media2Go' Platform Puts All Digital Media onto One Portable Device, 7 January, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/features/2003/jan03/01-09media2go.mspx.
38. Microsoft (2005) MSN Brings Together Advertising and Marketing Leaders at Sixth Annual MSN Strategic Account Summit, 16 March, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2005/mar05/03-16ConnectAdsConsumersPR.mspx.
39. O'Reilly, T. (2005) Web 2.0: Compact Definition?, 1 October, O'Reilly Radar, URL (consulted April 2009): http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2005/10/web-20-compact-definition.html.
40. Oxford English Dictionary (2006) Platform, URL (consulted April 2009): http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50181067.
41. Petersen, S.M. (2008) Loser Generated Content: From Participation to Exploitation, First Monday 13(3), URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/2141/1948.
42. Pfaffenberger, B. (1992) 'Technological Dramas', Science, Technology, & Human Values 17(3): 282-312.
43. Phillips, K. (2006) 'Google Joins the Lobbying Herd', 28 March, New York Times, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/28/politics/28google.html.
44. Puzzanghera, J. (2006) 'Google Makes Some Missteps as It Finds Its Way in Corridors of Power', 29 May, Seattle Times, URL (consulted April 2009): http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2003025348_googlelobby29.html.
45. Reiss, S. (2006) His Space, Wired 14.07, June, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.07/murdoch_pr.html.
46. Sandoval, G. (2009) YouTube Users Caught in Warner Music Spat, 27 January, CNet, URL (consulted April 2009): http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-10150588-93.html.
47. Sandvig, C. (2007) 'Network Neutrality is the New Common Carriage', Info: The Journal of Policy, Regulation and Strategy for Telecommunications 9(2-3): 136-47, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.communication.illinois.edu/csandvig/research/Network_Neutrality_is_the_New_Common_Carriage.pdf.
48. Schonfeld, E. (2008) Brightcove Is Already Streaming Several Hundred Million Videos a Month. Now Comes Brightcove 3, 13 October, TechCrunch, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.techcrunch.com/2008/10/13/brightcove-is-already-streaming-several-hundred-million-videos-a-month-now-comes-brightcove-3/.
49. Slater, D. (2008) Rep. Markey's Net Neutrality Legislation, 13 February, Google Policy Blog, URL (consulted April 2009): http://googlepublicpolicy.blogspot.com/2008/02/rep-markeysnet-neutrality-legislation.html.
50. Sterne, J. (2003) Bourdieu, Technique, and Technology, Cultural Studies 17(3/4): 367-89.
51. Streeter, T. (1996) Selling the Air: A Critique of the Policy of Commercial Broadcasting in the United States. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
52. Terranova, T. (2000) Free Labor: Producing Culture for the Digital Economy, Social Text 18(2): 33-58.
53. Terranova, T. (2004) Network Culture: Politics for the Information Age. London: Pluto Press.
54. van Dijck, J. (2009) Users Like You? Theorizing Agency in User-generated Content, Media Culture & Society 31(1): 41-58.
55. Viacom (2007) Viacom Files Federal Copyright Infringement Complaint Against YouTube and Google, 13 March, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.viacom.com/news/pages/newstext.aspx?rid=1009865.
56. von Lohmann, F. (2009) YouTube's January Fair Use Massacre, 3 February, Deeplinks Blog, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/01/youtubes-january-fair-use-massacre.
57. Wyatt, S. (2004) Danger! Metaphors at Work in Economics, Geophysiology, and the Internet, Science, Technology, & Human Values 29(2): 242-61.
58. YouTube (2006a) Google to Acquire YouTube for $1.65 Billion in Stock, 9 October, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.youtube.com/press_room_entry?entry=HvfQ0AKougw.
59. YouTube (2006b) Warner Music Group and YouTube Announce Landmark Video Distribution and Revenue Partnership, 18 September, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.youtube.com/press_room_entry?entry=vCfgHo5_Fb4.
60. YouTube (2006c) YouTube Uploads $8M in Funding, 5 April, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.youtube.com/press_room_entry?entry=jwIToyFs2Lc.
61. YouTube (2007a) YouTube Ignites Online Campaigning with Its YouTube You Choose '08 Program, 1 March, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.youtube.com/press_room_entry?entry=v-gjuVQrwIk.
62. YouTube (2007b) YouTube Premieres First International Film Competition, 1 October, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.youtube.com/press_room_entry?entry=7vFv73FhLmg.
63. YouTube (2007c) YouTube Seeks the Best Shorts on the Internet, 21 May, URL (consulted April 2009): http://pl.youtube.com/press_room_entry?entry=9NWrjQEEtBc.
64. YouTube (2008a) A YouTube for All of Us, 2 December, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.youtube.com/blog?entry=AEX3_7h40mk.
65. YouTube (2008b) PBS Enhances Content Offering on Its Popular YouTube Channel, 16 January, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.youtube.com/press_room_entry?entry=ABL6IQ3GaSw.
66. YouTube (2009a) Company History, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.youtube.com/t/about.
67. YouTube (2009b) Copyright Infringement Notification, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.youtube.com/t/dmca_policy.
68. YouTube (2009c) The YouTube Partner Program, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.youtube.com/partners.
69. YouTube (2009d) YouTube Fact Sheet, URL (consulted April 2009): http://www.youtube.com/t/fact_sheet.
70. YouTube Team (2008a) Dialogue with Sen. Lieberman on Terrorism Videos, 19 May, 'Broadcasting Ourselves: The YouTube Blog', URL (consulted April 2009): http://googlepublicpolicy.blogspot.com/2008/05/dialogue-with-sen-lieberman-on.html.
71. YouTube Team (2008b) Like What You See? Then Click-to-buy on YouTube, 7 October, 'Broadcasting Ourselves: The YouTube Blog', URL (consulted April 2009):, http://www.youtube.com/blog?entry=-y_3IbT8mJU.