메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 93, Issue 7, 2015, Pages 1659-1679

Where law and science (and religion?) meet

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84938528131     PISSN: 00404411     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (7)

References (100)
  • 1
    • 84938523814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • A full study of how law, science, and religion interact, then, should have to explore nine possible interactions: (1) law's use of science, (2) law's use of religion, (3) science's use of law, (4) science's use of religion, (5) religion's use of law, (6) religion's use of science, (7) law's use of science and religion, (8) science's use of law and religion, and (9) religion's use of law and science.
  • 4
    • 4344663574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • See also James Gleick, Isaac Newton 110-11 (2003) (describing Newton's searches for truth in theology, alchemy, and mathematics, which he believed to be the language of God).
    • (2003) Isaac Newton , pp. 110-111
    • Gleick, J.1
  • 5
    • 84938525761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Explaining that "[f]or most of human history law and science were largely unified within the corpus of religion" and that religion "supplied both a description of the natural world and the punishment for failing to conform to the rules mandated by that world".
  • 6
    • 49449113484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • See generally Richard G. Olson, Science & Religion, 1450-1900: From Copernicus to Darwin 7-18 (2006) (describing how Galileo and Copernicus's views conflicted with those of the Catholic Church, exemplifying the tensions between religion and science).
    • (2006) Science & Religion, 1450-1900: From Copernicus to Darwin , pp. 7-18
    • Olson, R.G.1
  • 7
    • 27444436365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two Concepts of Immorality: Reframing Public Debate on Stem- Cell Research
    • note
    • See, e.g., Frank Pasquale, Two Concepts of Immorality: Reframing Public Debate on Stem- Cell Research, 14 Yale J.L. & Human. 73, 76-78 (2002) (commenting on the role of scientific and religious perspectives in shaping policy on stem-cell research and cloning).
    • (2002) Yale J.L. & Human. , vol.14 , Issue.73 , pp. 76-78
    • Pasquale, F.1
  • 8
    • 33745002241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mis-Conceptions: The Moment of Conception in Religion, Science, and Law
    • note
    • Elizabeth Spahn & Barbara Andrade, Mis-Conceptions: The Moment of Conception in Religion, Science, and Law, 32 U.S.F. L. Rev. 261, 261-62 (1998) (describing how the "scientific and religious bases" for understandings of conception affect American laws on reproductive rights).
    • (1998) U.S.F. L. Rev. , vol.32 , Issue.261 , pp. 261-262
    • Spahn, E.1    Andrade, B.2
  • 9
    • 0742311189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Religion and Human Cloning: An Exploratory Analysis of the First Available Opinion Data
    • note
    • See, e.g., John H. Evans, Religion and Human Cloning: An Exploratory Analysis of the First Available Opinion Data, 41 J. for Sci. Study Religion 747, 748-50 (2002) (finding Roman Catholicism to possess the most "clear-cut" stance against cloning, but noting that the majority of mainline Protestant denominations have official stances against cloning as well). Perspectives of other religions and their adherents are less clear.
    • (2002) J. for Sci. Study Religion , vol.41 , Issue.747 , pp. 748-750
    • Evans, J.H.1
  • 10
    • 2942596603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human Cloning: A Jewish Perspective
    • note
    • Jewish, Hindu, and Muslim scholars have varied viewpoints that might turn on the precise scientific issue in question. See generally Elliot N. Dorff, Human Cloning: A Jewish Perspective, 8 S. Cal. Interdisc. L.J. 117 (1998) (detailing a range of issues that might affect the Jewish perspective on cloning).
    • (1998) S. Cal. Interdisc. L.J. , vol.8 , pp. 117
    • Dorff, E.N.1
  • 11
    • 0037518049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Religious Attitudes Toward Cloning: A Tale of Two Creatures
    • note
    • Dena S. Davis, Religious Attitudes Toward Cloning: A Tale of Two Creatures, 27 Hofstra L. Rev. 509, 517 (1999) (commenting on the nuances of Hindu and Buddhist beliefs about cloning).
    • (1999) Hofstra L. Rev. , vol.27 , Issue.509 , pp. 517
    • Davis, D.S.1
  • 12
    • 0003984012 scopus 로고
    • note
    • Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America 280 (Phillips Bradley ed., Henry Reeve et al. trans., Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. 1945) (1838).
    • (1945) Democracy in America , pp. 280
    • de Tocqueville, A.1
  • 15
    • 84938498052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milward v. Acuity Specialty Products Group, Inc
    • note
    • For an interesting case study on this question, see Milward v. Acuity Specialty Products Group, Inc., 664 F. Supp. 2d 137, 149 (D. Mass. 2009), which excluded expert testimony on the basis of failure to demonstrate general causation.
    • (2009) F. Supp. 2d , vol.664 , Issue.137 , pp. 149
  • 16
    • 84938489297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Milward v. Acuity Specialty Products Group, Inc., 639 F.3d 11, 20 (1st Cir. 2011), in which the First Circuit reversed on the basis that the district court abused its discretion and failed to use an appropriate "weight of the evidence" analysis to assess general causation.
    • (2011) Milward v. Acuity Specialty Products Group, Inc , vol.639 , Issue.11 , pp. 20
  • 17
    • 84938511324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Milward v. Acuity Specialty Products Group, Inc
    • note
    • and Milward v. Acuity Specialty Products Group, Inc., 969 F. Supp. 2d 101, 116 (D. Mass. 2013), which then excluded the expert testimony on the basis of failure to demonstrate specific causation and granting summary judgment for the defendant.
    • (2013) F. Supp. 2d , vol.969 , Issue.101 , pp. 116
  • 20
    • 23844549426 scopus 로고
    • 410 U.S. 113 (1973).
    • (1973) U.S. , vol.410 , pp. 113
  • 21
    • 84938543920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science Disputes in Abortion Law
    • John A. Robertson, Science Disputes in Abortion Law, 93 Texas L. Rev. 1847, 1869-70 (2015).
    • (2015) Texas L. Rev. , vol.93 , Issue.1847 , pp. 1869-1870
    • Robertson, J.A.1
  • 22
    • 84879945203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Roe, 410 U.S. at 163.
    • Roe , vol.410 , pp. 163
  • 23
    • 77952764977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of Babies and Bathwater: Why the Clean Air Act's Cooperative Federalism Framework is Useful for Addressing Global Warming
    • note
    • See, e.g., Holly Doremus & W. Michael Hanemann, Of Babies and Bathwater: Why the Clean Air Act's Cooperative Federalism Framework is Useful for Addressing Global Warming, 50 Ariz. L. Rev. 799, 802-03 (2008) (discussing empirical standards and data used by the EPA in connection with the Clean Air Act).
    • (2008) Ariz. L. Rev. , vol.50 , Issue.799 , pp. 802-803
    • Doremus, H.1    Michael Hanemann, W.2
  • 24
    • 84938524012 scopus 로고
    • note
    • See Lockhart v. McCree, 476 U.S. 162, 165 (1986).
    • (1986) Lockhart v. McCree , vol.476 , Issue.162 , pp. 165
  • 25
    • 84938505771 scopus 로고
    • note
    • Witherspoon v. Illinois, 391 U.S. 510, 512 (1968).
    • (1968) Witherspoon v. Illinois , vol.391 , Issue.510 , pp. 512
  • 26
    • 84938494489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cano v. Everest Minerals Corp
    • note
    • For an example of a court requiring a doubling of the risk to meet the preponderance standard, see Cano v. Everest Minerals Corp., 362 F. Supp. 2d 814, 820 (W.D. Tex. 2005), where the court noted: The Texas Supreme Court has concluded that 'properly designed and executed epidemiological studies may be part of the evidence supporting causation in a toxic tort case and that there is a rational basis for relating the requirement that there be more than a "doubling of the risk" to . . . the more likely than not burden of proof.' Courts adopting such a requirement have found that the requirement of a more than 50% probability means that epidemiological evidence must show that the incidence of an injury or condition in the exposed population was more than double the incidence in the unexposed or control population.
    • (2005) F. Supp. 2d , vol.362 , Issue.814 , pp. 820
  • 28
    • 84938505445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • See Brown v. Entm't Merchs. Ass'n, 131 S. Ct. 2729, 2738-39 (2011) (considering whether preventing violent tendencies in children caused by violent video games is a sufficiently compelling government interest to limit First Amendment rights).
    • (2011) Brown v. Entm't Merchs. Ass'n , vol.131 , Issue.2729 , pp. 2738-2739
  • 29
    • 84938511262 scopus 로고
    • note
    • See N.Y. Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254, 271-73 (1964).
    • (1964) N.Y. Times Co. v. Sullivan , vol.376 , Issue.254 , pp. 271-273
  • 30
    • 84938500401 scopus 로고
    • note
    • NAACP v. Button, 371 U.S. 415, 433 (1963) (internal quotation marks omitted) (discussing the circumstances under which expression is likely to be chilled).
    • (1963) NAACP v. Button , vol.371 , Issue.415 , pp. 433
  • 33
    • 84938532366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining Death: Getting it Wrong for All the Right Reasons
    • note
    • See generally Robert D. Truog, Defining Death: Getting it Wrong for All the Right Reasons, 93 Texas L. Rev. 1881 (2015) (identifying and resolving conflicts between the Uniform Determination of Death Act and organ-donation practices).
    • (2015) Texas L. Rev. , vol.93 , pp. 1881
    • Truog, R.D.1
  • 34
    • 33644869039 scopus 로고
    • 391 U.S. 510 (1968).
    • (1968) U.S. , vol.391 , pp. 510
  • 35
    • 84938512589 scopus 로고
    • note
    • Lockhart v. McCree, 476 U.S. 162, 167 (1986).
    • (1986) Lockhart v. McCree , vol.476 , Issue.162 , pp. 167
  • 36
    • 84938531286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Witherspoon, 391 U.S. at 516-17.
    • Witherspoon , vol.391 , pp. 516-517
  • 37
    • 9944247657 scopus 로고
    • The Empirical Challenge to Death-Qualified Juries: On Further Examination
    • note
    • Michael Finch & Mark Ferraro, The Empirical Challenge to Death-Qualified Juries: On Further Examination, 65 Neb. L. Rev. 21, 24 (1986) ("In the seventeen years following Witherspoon, death qualification has been one of the most studied subjects in the area of sociological jurisprudence.").
    • (1986) Neb. L. Rev. , vol.65 , Issue.21 , pp. 24
    • Finch, M.1    Ferraro, M.2
  • 38
    • 84884508659 scopus 로고
    • 476 U.S. 162 (1986).
    • (1986) U.S. , vol.476 , pp. 162
  • 39
    • 84938491980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • "[W]e will assume for purposes of this opinion that the studies are both methodologically valid and adequate to establish that 'death qualification' in fact produces juries somewhat more 'conviction-prone' than 'non-death-qualified' juries.".
  • 40
    • 84904607657 scopus 로고
    • note
    • Wainwright v. Witt, 469 U.S. 412, 423 (1985) (internal quotation marks omitted).
    • (1985) Wainwright v. Witt , vol.469 , Issue.412 , pp. 423
  • 41
    • 84938546032 scopus 로고
    • note
    • Witherspoon v. Illinois, 391 U.S. 510, 518 (1968).
    • (1968) Witherspoon v. Illinois , vol.391 , Issue.510 , pp. 518
  • 42
    • 84938522580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Lockhart, 476 U.S. at 184.
    • Lockhart , vol.476 , pp. 184
  • 43
    • 33644650824 scopus 로고
    • 505 U.S. 833 (1992).
    • (1992) U.S. , vol.505 , pp. 833
  • 44
    • 84938543920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science Disputes in Abortion Law
    • John A. Robertson, Science Disputes in Abortion Law, 93 Texas L. Rev. 1847, 1856-57 (2015).
    • (2015) Texas L. Rev. , vol.93 , Issue.1847 , pp. 1856-1857
    • Robertson, J.A.1
  • 45
    • 84938522236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Casey, 505 U.S. at 887.
    • Casey , vol.505 , pp. 887
  • 47
    • 84938540300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Casey, 505 U.S. at 894-95.
    • Casey , vol.505 , pp. 894-895
  • 49
    • 19844380853 scopus 로고
    • 347 U.S. 483 (1954).
    • (1954) U.S. , vol.347 , pp. 483
  • 50
    • 84938502670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Brown, 347 U.S. at 494 (internal quotation marks omitted).
    • Brown , vol.347 , pp. 494
  • 52
    • 28744435500 scopus 로고
    • 481 U.S. 279 (1987).
    • (1987) U.S. , vol.481 , pp. 279
  • 53
    • 84863479556 scopus 로고
    • 446 U.S. 420 (1980).
    • (1980) U.S. , vol.446 , pp. 420
  • 54
    • 84909972970 scopus 로고
    • note
    • Court's holding in Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238, 239-40 (1972) (per curiam).
    • (1972) Furman v. Georgia , vol.408 , Issue.238 , pp. 239-240
  • 55
    • 84938485925 scopus 로고
    • note
    • Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153, 200 (1976).
    • (1976) Gregg v. Georgia , vol.428 , Issue.153 , pp. 200
  • 56
    • 84938492086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • See McCleskey, 481 U.S. at 308 finding lawful Georgia's focus "on the particularized nature of the crime and the particularized characteristics of the individual defendant."
    • McCleskey , vol.481 , pp. 308
  • 57
    • 84938491849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Gregg, 428 U.S. at 206 (internal quotation marks omitted).
    • Gregg , vol.428 , pp. 206
  • 58
    • 77950424820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 550 U.S. 124 (2007).
    • (2007) U.S. , vol.550 , pp. 124
  • 59
    • 84938506842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • "[T]he proper means to consider exceptions is by as-applied challenge. . . . This is the proper manner to protect the health of the woman if it can be shown that in discrete and well-defined instances a particular condition has or is likely to occur in which the procedure prohibited by the Act must be used.".
  • 60
    • 84892708672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Radically Immodest Judicial Modesty: The End of Facial Challenges to Abortion Regulations and the Future of the Health Exception in the Roberts Era
    • note
    • See B. Jessie Hill, A Radically Immodest Judicial Modesty: The End of Facial Challenges to Abortion Regulations and the Future of the Health Exception in the Roberts Era, 59 Case W. Res. L. Rev. 997, 1013 (2009) ("[I]t is hard to imagine any individual woman who would have standing to bring such a challenge, much less the desire to do so. In order to have standing, the woman would presumably have to argue that she was going to become pregnant and face a healththreatening (but not life-threatening) condition that required use of the D&X procedure in particular.").
    • (2009) Case W. Res. L. Rev. , vol.59 , Issue.997 , pp. 1013
    • Jessie Hill, B.1
  • 61
    • 84938528103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science and Policy in Setting National Ambient Air Quality Standards: Resolving the Ozone Enigma
    • Thomas O. McGarity, Science and Policy in Setting National Ambient Air Quality Standards: Resolving the Ozone Enigma, 93 Texas L. Rev. 1781, 1797 (2015).
    • (2015) Texas L. Rev. , vol.93 , Issue.1781 , pp. 1797
    • McGarity, T.O.1
  • 62
    • 33144461067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 536 U.S. 304 (2002).
    • (2002) U.S. , vol.536 , pp. 304
  • 63
    • 79955736422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Empirical Look at Atkins v. Virginia and Its Application in Capital Cases
    • note
    • See John H. Blume et al., An Empirical Look at Atkins v. Virginia and Its Application in Capital Cases, 76 Tenn. L. Rev. 625, 639 (2009) ("Atkins . . . has not been applied uniformly among the states.").
    • (2009) Tenn. L. Rev. , vol.76 , Issue.625 , pp. 639
    • Blume, J.H.1
  • 65
    • 84922534749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 134 S. Ct. 1986 (2014).
    • (2014) S. Ct. , vol.134 , pp. 1986
  • 66
    • 79961229454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Kennedy v. Lousiana, 554 U.S. 407, 420 (2008) (internal quotation marks omitted).
    • (2008) Kennedy v. Lousiana , vol.554 , Issue.407 , pp. 420
  • 67
    • 84962703068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304, 320 (2002) (internal quotation marks omitted).
    • (2002) Atkins v. Virginia , vol.536 , Issue.304 , pp. 320
  • 68
    • 84962774255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Atkins, 536 U.S. at 308.
    • Atkins , vol.536 , pp. 308
  • 69
    • 84908207501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promises, Promises for Neuroscience and Law
    • note
    • See Joshua W. Buckholtz & David L. Faigman, Promises, Promises for Neuroscience and Law, 24 Current Biology 861, 864 (2014) ("To a cognitive neuroscientist, legal standards like 'volitional capacity' . . . are inherently meaningless. They do not map on to specific mental processes or discrete brain circuits.").
    • (2014) Current Biology , vol.24 , Issue.861 , pp. 864
    • Buckholtz, J.W.1    Faigman, D.L.2
  • 70
    • 0029559635 scopus 로고
    • A Paroxysmal Insanity Plea in an 1865 Murder Trial
    • note
    • Allen D. Spiegel & Peter B. Suskind, A Paroxysmal Insanity Plea in an 1865 Murder Trial, 16 J. Legal Med. 585, 586 (1995) ("Today, insanity is a legal concept; mental illness is a medical condition.").
    • (1995) J. Legal Med. , vol.16 , Issue.585 , pp. 586
    • Spiegel, A.D.1    Suskind, P.B.2
  • 71
    • 84938511388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Hall, 134 S. Ct. at 2005 (Alito, J., dissenting) ("[T]he Court places heavy reliance on the views (some only recently announced) of professional organizations, but the Court attempts to downplay the degree to which its decision is dependent upon the views of these private groups.").
    • Hall , vol.134 , pp. 2005
  • 72
    • 84962689788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • In Mays v. Stephens, 757 F.3d 211, 218-19 (5th Cir. 2014).
    • (2014) Mays v. Stephens , vol.757 , Issue.211 , pp. 218-219
  • 73
    • 84938543351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Ex Parte Briseno, 135 S.W.3d 1, 7-8 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004).
    • (2004) Ex Parte Briseno , vol.135 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-8
  • 74
    • 84938490842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Mays, 757 F.3d at 218.
    • Mays , vol.757 , pp. 218
  • 76
    • 32344452112 scopus 로고
    • 509 U.S. 579 (1993).
    • (1993) U.S. , vol.509 , pp. 579
  • 78
    • 84938513958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Daubert, 509 U.S. at 596-97.
    • Daubert , vol.509 , pp. 596-597
  • 80
    • 33749518585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 522 U.S. 136, 146 (1997) ("But conclusions and methodology are not entirely distinct from one another. . . . [N]othing in either Daubert or the Federal Rules of Evidence requires a district court to admit opinion evidence that is connected to existing data only by the ipse dixit of the expert.").
    • (1997) U.S. , vol.522 , Issue.136 , pp. 146
  • 81
    • 84938514550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Id. See also City of Pomona v. SQM N. Am. Corp., 750 F.3d 1036, 1048 (9th Cir. 2014) ("[O]nly a faulty methodology or theory . . . is a valid basis to exclude expert testimony.").
    • (2014) City of Pomona v. SQM N. Am. Corp , vol.750 , Issue.1036 , pp. 1048
  • 83
    • 84938526689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • http://perma.cc/N63S-JMD2 (showing the "basic overview of a scientific manuscript" to include an Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion).
  • 84
    • 84938525320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Fed. R. Evid. 702(d) ("[T]he expert has reliably applied the principles and methods to the facts of the case.").
    • Fed. R. Evid. , vol.702
  • 85
    • 84904284616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group to Individual (G2i) Inference in Scientific Expert Testimony
    • note
    • David L. Faigman, John Monahan & Christopher Slobogin, Group to Individual (G2i) Inference in Scientific Expert Testimony, 81 U. Chi. L. Rev. 417, 420 (2014) (footnote omitted).
    • (2014) U. Chi. L. Rev. , vol.81 , Issue.417 , pp. 420
    • Faigman, D.L.1    Monahan, J.2    Slobogin, C.3
  • 87
    • 84937304378 scopus 로고
    • How Presumptions Should Be Allocated: Burdens of Proof, Uncertainty, and Ambiguity in Modern Legal Discourse
    • note
    • See Ronald J. Allen, How Presumptions Should Be Allocated: Burdens of Proof, Uncertainty, and Ambiguity in Modern Legal Discourse, 17 Harv. J.L. & Pub. Pol'y 627, 633- 34 (1994) (explaining that civil litigants are treated equally because they are indistinguishable to the legal system).
    • (1994) Harv. J.L. & Pub. Pol'y , vol.17 , Issue.627 , pp. 633-634
    • Allen, R.J.1
  • 88
    • 84926273721 scopus 로고
    • A Framework for Evaluating the Preponderanceof- the-Evidence Standard
    • note
    • Neil Orloff & Jery Stedinger, A Framework for Evaluating the Preponderanceof- the-Evidence Standard, 131 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1159, 1168 n.23 (1983) (stating that false negatives and false positives generally have equal weight).
    • (1983) U. Pa. L. Rev. , vol.131 , Issue.1159 , pp. 1168
    • Orloff, N.1    Stedinger, J.2
  • 89
    • 84938490366 scopus 로고
    • note
    • See In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358, 363-64 (1970) ("The requirement of proof beyond a reasonable doubt has this vital role in our criminal procedure. . . . Where one party has at stake an interest of transcending value-as a criminal defendant his liberty-this margin of error is reduced as to him by the process of placing on the other party the burden of . . . persuading the factfinder at the conclusion of the trial of his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt." (internal quotation marks omitted)).
    • (1970) Winship , vol.397 , Issue.358 , pp. 363-364
  • 90
    • 85011513968 scopus 로고
    • On the Significance of Batting Averages and Strikeout Totals: A Clarification of the "Naked Statistical Evidence" Debate, the Meaning of "Evidence," and the Requirement of Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
    • note
    • Ronald J. Allen, On the Significance of Batting Averages and Strikeout Totals: A Clarification of the "Naked Statistical Evidence" Debate, the Meaning of "Evidence," and the Requirement of Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt, 65 Tul. L. Rev. 1093, 1104 (1991) (arguing that a higher standard is necessary for criminal cases because the utilitarian balance differs and the depth of moral questioning is increased).
    • (1991) Tul. L. Rev. , vol.65 , Issue.1093 , pp. 1104
    • Allen, R.J.1
  • 92
    • 84878901572 scopus 로고
    • 441 U.S. 418 (1979).
    • (1979) U.S. , vol.441 , pp. 418
  • 93
    • 84938507409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Winship, 397 U.S. at 370 (Harlan, J., concurring).
    • Winship , vol.397 , pp. 370
  • 95
    • 33644925070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Closing Pandora's Box: Sexual Predators and the Politics of Sexual Violence
    • note
    • Eric S. Janus, Closing Pandora's Box: Sexual Predators and the Politics of Sexual Violence, 34 Seton Hall L. Rev. 1233, 1233-50 (2004) (discussing the public uproar against crimes of sexual violence and how it fuels the expansion of sexually violent-predator laws).
    • (2004) Seton Hall L. Rev. , vol.34 , Issue.1233 , pp. 1233-1250
    • Janus, E.S.1
  • 96
    • 84938499811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • See Aruanno v. Hayman, 384 F. App'x 144, 152 (3d Cir. 2010) ("[The Act] serves a regulatory . . . purpose, because it seeks to protect the public from possible future harm . . . .").
    • (2010) Aruanno v. Hayman , vol.384 , Issue.144 , pp. 152
  • 97
    • 84938496650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • For example, in Hubbert v. Superior Court, 969 P.2d 584, 601 (Cal. 1999), the court rejected the "suggestion that the Legislature cannot constitutionally provide for the civil commitment of dangerous mentally impaired sexual predators unless the statutory scheme guarantees and provides 'effective' treatment."
    • (1999) Hubbert v. Superior Court , vol.969 , Issue.584 , pp. 601
  • 98
    • 65549084482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substantive Due Process and the Involuntary Confinement of Sexually Violent Predators
    • note
    • Eric S. Janus & Wayne A. Logan, Substantive Due Process and the Involuntary Confinement of Sexually Violent Predators, 35 Conn. L. Rev. 319, 342 (2003) (discussing a substantive due process right to treatment).
    • (2003) Conn. L. Rev. , vol.35 , Issue.319 , pp. 342
    • Janus, E.S.1    Logan, W.A.2
  • 99
    • 79953836755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex Offender Civil Commitment: The Treatment Paradox
    • note
    • Jeslyn A. Miller, Sex Offender Civil Commitment: The Treatment Paradox, 98 Calif. L. Rev. 2093, 2103 (2010) ("Although the Supreme Court has never confirmed a constitutional right to treatment, the right for individuals to participate meaningfully in treatment is implicit in the involuntary (implicating substantive due process concerns) and purportedly civil (implicating ex post facto and double jeopardy concerns) nature of the civil commitment system." (footnotes omitted)).
    • (2010) Calif. L. Rev. , vol.98 , Issue.2093 , pp. 2103
    • Miller, J.A.1
  • 100
    • 84938522772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Karsjens v. Jesson
    • note
    • See, e.g., Karsjens v. Jesson, 6 F. Supp. 3d 916, 916 (D. Minn. 2014) (noting that plaintiffs alleged "that commitment to [the Minnesota Sex Offender Treatment Program] essentially amount[s] to lifelong confinement, equivalent to [a] lifetime of criminal incarceration in [a] facility resembling, and run like, [a] medium to high security prison").
    • (2014) F. Supp. 3d , vol.6 , Issue.916 , pp. 916


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.