메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 175, Issue , 2015, Pages 396-402

The trajectory of neuropsychological dysfunctions in bipolar disorders: A critical examination of a hypothesis

Author keywords

Bipolar disorder; Cognition; Neuroprogression; Staging; Temporal evolution

Indexed keywords

PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT;

EID: 84938409652     PISSN: 01650327     EISSN: 15732517     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.018     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (38)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 80052843452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive brain change in schizophrenia: A prospective longitudinal study of first-episode schizophrenia
    • N.C. Andreasen, P. Nopoulos, V. Magnotta, R. Pierson, S. Ziebell, and B.C. Ho Progressive brain change in schizophrenia: a prospective longitudinal study of first-episode schizophrenia Biol. Psychiatry 70 2011 672 679
    • (2011) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.70 , pp. 672-679
    • Andreasen, N.C.1    Nopoulos, P.2    Magnotta, V.3    Pierson, R.4    Ziebell, S.5    Ho, B.C.6
  • 2
    • 43649083084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analyses of cognitive functioning in euthymic bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives
    • B. Arts, N. Jabben, L. Krabbendam, and J. van Os Meta-analyses of cognitive functioning in euthymic bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives Psychol. Med. 38 2008 771 785
    • (2008) Psychol. Med. , vol.38 , pp. 771-785
    • Arts, B.1    Jabben, N.2    Krabbendam, L.3    Van Os, J.4
  • 4
    • 0038182399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age at onset in bipolar i affective disorder: Further evidence for three subgroups
    • F. Bellivier, J.L. Golmarg, and M. Rietschel Age at onset in bipolar I affective disorder: further evidence for three subgroups Am. J. Psychiatry 160 2003 990 1001
    • (2003) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 990-1001
    • Bellivier, F.1    Golmarg, J.L.2    Rietschel, M.3
  • 5
    • 67649199656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprogression: Pathways to progressive brain changes in bipolar disorder
    • M. Berk Neuroprogression: pathways to progressive brain changes in bipolar disorder Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 12 2009 441 445
    • (2009) Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. , vol.12 , pp. 441-445
    • Berk, M.1
  • 7
    • 58149178891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive endophenotypes of bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis of neuropsychological deficits in euthymic patients and their first-degree relatives
    • E. Bora, M. Yucel, and C. Pantelis Cognitive endophenotypes of bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis of neuropsychological deficits in euthymic patients and their first-degree relatives J. Affect. Disord. 113 2009 1 20
    • (2009) J. Affect. Disord. , vol.113 , pp. 1-20
    • Bora, E.1    Yucel, M.2    Pantelis, C.3
  • 8
    • 84888289085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study of cognition in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic bipolar disorder patients
    • Y. Braw, G. Erez, T. Sela, H.Z. Gvirtis, E.V. Hare, Y. Bloch, and Y. Levkovitz A longitudinal study of cognition in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic bipolar disorder patients Psychiatry Res. 210 2013 842 849
    • (2013) Psychiatry Res. , vol.210 , pp. 842-849
    • Braw, Y.1    Erez, G.2    Sela, T.3    Gvirtis, H.Z.4    Hare, E.V.5    Bloch, Y.6    Levkovitz, Y.7
  • 12
    • 40049097816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The concept of progressive brain change in schizophrenia: Implications for understanding schizophrenia
    • L.E. DeLisi The concept of progressive brain change in schizophrenia: implications for understanding schizophrenia Schizophr. Bull. 34 2008 312 321
    • (2008) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.34 , pp. 312-321
    • Delisi, L.E.1
  • 15
    • 0025781053 scopus 로고
    • Mania in the elderly: A 5-7 year follow-up
    • U. Dhingra, and P.V. Rabins Mania in the elderly: a 5-7 year follow-up J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 39 1991 581 583
    • (1991) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. , vol.39 , pp. 581-583
    • Dhingra, U.1    Rabins, P.V.2
  • 16
    • 0037262384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Maudsley bipolar disorder project: The effect of medication, family history, and duration of illness on IQ and memory in bipolar i disorder
    • S. Donaldson, L.H. Goldstein, S. Landau, V. Raymont, and S. Frangou The Maudsley bipolar disorder project: the effect of medication, family history, and duration of illness on IQ and memory in bipolar I disorder J Clin. Psychiatry 64 2003 86 93
    • (2003) J Clin. Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 86-93
    • Donaldson, S.1    Goldstein, L.H.2    Landau, S.3    Raymont, V.4    Frangou, S.5
  • 17
    • 79955421062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of guided discontinuation of antipsychotics on neurocognition in first onset psychosis
    • G. Faber, H.G. Smid, A.R. Van Gool, D. Wiersma, and R.J. Van Den Bosch The effects of guided discontinuation of antipsychotics on neurocognition in first onset psychosis Eur. Psychiatry 27 2012 275 280
    • (2012) Eur. Psychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 275-280
    • Faber, G.1    Smid, H.G.2    Van Gool, A.R.3    Wiersma, D.4    Van Den Bosch, R.J.5
  • 19
    • 29044445358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Maudsley bipolar disorder project: Executive dysfunction in bipolar disorder i and its clinical correlates
    • S. Frangou, S. Donaldson, M. Hadjulis, S. Landau, and L.H. Goldstein The Maudsley bipolar disorder project: executive dysfunction in bipolar disorder I and its clinical correlates Biol. Psychiatry 58 2005 859 864
    • (2005) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.58 , pp. 859-864
    • Frangou, S.1    Donaldson, S.2    Hadjulis, M.3    Landau, S.4    Goldstein, L.H.5
  • 20
    • 79952553299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of neuropsychological functioning in patients with early onset schizophrenia and pediatric bipolar disorder
    • R. García Nieto, and F.X. Castellanos A meta-analysis of neuropsychological functioning in patients with early onset schizophrenia and pediatric bipolar disorder J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. 40 2011 266 280
    • (2011) J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. , vol.40 , pp. 266-280
    • García Nieto, R.1    Castellanos, F.X.2
  • 22
    • 84874825061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-year course of cognitive function and instrumental activities of daily living in older adults with bipolar disorder: Evidence for neuroprogression?
    • A.G. Gildengers, D. Chisholm, M.A. Butters, S.J. Anderson, A. Begley, M. Holm, J.C. Rogers, C.F. Reynolds 3rd, and B.H. Mulsant Two-year course of cognitive function and instrumental activities of daily living in older adults with bipolar disorder: evidence for neuroprogression? Psychol. Med. 30 2013 1 11
    • (2013) Psychol. Med. , vol.30 , pp. 1-11
    • Gildengers, A.G.1    Chisholm, D.2    Butters, M.A.3    Anderson, S.J.4    Begley, A.5    Holm, M.6    Rogers, J.C.7    Reynolds, C.F.8    Mulsant, B.H.9
  • 24
    • 68749094080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular disease and hypertension among adults with bipolar disorder i in the United States
    • B.I. Goldstein, A. Fagiolini, P. Houck, and D. Kupfer Cardiovascular disease and hypertension among adults with bipolar disorder I in the United States Bipolar Disord. 11 2009 657 662
    • (2009) Bipolar Disord. , vol.11 , pp. 657-662
    • Goldstein, B.I.1    Fagiolini, A.2    Houck, P.3    Kupfer, D.4
  • 25
    • 47749154418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The frequency of cognitive impairment in patients with anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder: An unaccounted source of variance in clinical trials
    • C.T. Gualtieri, and D.W. Morgan The frequency of cognitive impairment in patients with anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder: an unaccounted source of variance in clinical trials J. Clin. Psychiatry 69 2008 1122 1130
    • (2008) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.69 , pp. 1122-1130
    • Gualtieri, C.T.1    Morgan, D.W.2
  • 26
    • 79951503453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term antipsychotic treatment and brain volumes: A longitudinal study of first-episode schizophrenia
    • B.C. Ho, N.C. Andreasen, S. Ziebell, R. Pierson, and V. Magnotta Long-term antipsychotic treatment and brain volumes: a longitudinal study of first-episode schizophrenia Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 68 2011 128 137
    • (2011) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.68 , pp. 128-137
    • Ho, B.C.1    Andreasen, N.C.2    Ziebell, S.3    Pierson, R.4    Magnotta, V.5
  • 27
    • 79960320566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying a cognitive impairment subgroup in adults with mood disorders
    • G.L. Iverson, B.L. Brooks, S.A. Langenecker, and A.H. Young Identifying a cognitive impairment subgroup in adults with mood disorders J. Affect. Disord. 132 2011 360 367
    • (2011) J. Affect. Disord. , vol.132 , pp. 360-367
    • Iverson, G.L.1    Brooks, B.L.2    Langenecker, S.A.3    Young, A.H.4
  • 28
    • 58149214103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quantitative and qualitative review of neurocognitive performance in pediatric bipolar disorder
    • M.F. Joseph, T.W. Frazier, E.A. Youngstrom, and J.C. Soares A quantitative and qualitative review of neurocognitive performance in pediatric bipolar disorder J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. 18 2008 595 605
    • (2008) J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. , vol.18 , pp. 595-605
    • Joseph, M.F.1    Frazier, T.W.2    Youngstrom, E.A.3    Soares, J.C.4
  • 31
    • 10044236804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the risk of developing dementia increase with the number of episodes in patients with depressive disorder and in patients with bipolar disorder?
    • L.V. Kessing, and P.K. Andersen Does the risk of developing dementia increase with the number of episodes in patients with depressive disorder and in patients with bipolar disorder? J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 75 2004 1662 1666
    • (2004) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.75 , pp. 1662-1666
    • Kessing, L.V.1    Andersen, P.K.2
  • 32
    • 0037301615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of developing dementia in patients with major affective disorders compared to patients with other medical illnesses
    • L.V. Kessing, and F.M. Nilsson Increased risk of developing dementia in patients with major affective disorders compared to patients with other medical illnesses J. Affect. Disord. 73 2003 261 269
    • (2003) J. Affect. Disord. , vol.73 , pp. 261-269
    • Kessing, L.V.1    Nilsson, F.M.2
  • 37
    • 70249100595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analytic investigation of neurocognitive deficits in bipolar illness: Profile and effects of clinical state
    • M.M. Kurtz, and R.T. Gerraty A meta-analytic investigation of neurocognitive deficits in bipolar illness: profile and effects of clinical state Neuropsychology 23 2009 551 562
    • (2009) Neuropsychology , vol.23 , pp. 551-562
    • Kurtz, M.M.1    Gerraty, R.T.2
  • 39
    • 0032821589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is schizophrenia a neurodegenerative disorder? A clinical and neurobiological perspective
    • J.A. Lieberman Is schizophrenia a neurodegenerative disorder? A clinical and neurobiological perspective Biol. Psychiatry 46 1999 729 739
    • (1999) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 729-739
    • Lieberman, J.A.1
  • 41
  • 43
    • 80051628283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of neuropsychological functioning in euthymic bipolar disorder: An update and investigation of moderator variables
    • M.C. Mann-Wrobel, J.T. Carreno, and D. Dickinson Meta-analysis of neuropsychological functioning in euthymic bipolar disorder: an update and investigation of moderator variables Bipolar Disord. 13 2011 334 342
    • (2011) Bipolar Disord. , vol.13 , pp. 334-342
    • Mann-Wrobel, M.C.1    Carreno, J.T.2    Dickinson, D.3
  • 44
    • 67349168022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive and symptomatic predictors of functional outcome in bipolar disorders: A prospective 1 year follow-up study
    • D.J. Martino, E. Marengo, A. Igoa, M. Scápola, E.D. Ais, L. Perinot, and S.A. Strejilevich Neurocognitive and symptomatic predictors of functional outcome in bipolar disorders: a prospective 1 year follow-up study J. Affect. Disord. 116 2009 37 42
    • (2009) J. Affect. Disord. , vol.116 , pp. 37-42
    • Martino, D.J.1    Marengo, E.2    Igoa, A.3    Scápola, M.4    Ais, E.D.5    Perinot, L.6    Strejilevich, S.A.7
  • 45
    • 84926218618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive functioning in the premorbid stage and in the first episode of bipolar disorder: A systematic review
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • D.J. Martino, C. Samamé, A. Ibáñez, and S.A. Strejilevich Neurocognitive functioning in the premorbid stage and in the first episode of bipolar disorder: a systematic review J. Psychiatr. Res. 2015, 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.044. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2015) J. Psychiatr. Res.
    • Martino, D.J.1    Samamé, C.2    Ibáñez, A.3    Strejilevich, S.A.4
  • 46
    • 84921511353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and neurocognitive functioning in bipolar disorder
    • D.J. Martino, and S.A. Strejilevich Subclinical hypothyroidism and neurocognitive functioning in bipolar disorder J. Psychiatr Res. 61 2015 166 167
    • (2015) J. Psychiatr Res. , vol.61 , pp. 166-167
    • Martino, D.J.1    Strejilevich, S.A.2
  • 48
    • 84872071495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocognitive functioning in early-onset and late-onset older patients with euthymic bipolar disorder
    • D. Martino, S. Strejilevich, and F. Manes Neurocognitive functioning in early-onset and late-onset older patients with euthymic bipolar disorder Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 28 2013 142 148
    • (2013) Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 142-148
    • Martino, D.1    Strejilevich, S.2    Manes, F.3
  • 51
    • 84906687735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard and trace-dose lithium: A systematic review of dementia prevention and other behavioral benefits
    • S. Mauer, D. Vergne, and S.N. Ghaemi Standard and trace-dose lithium: a systematic review of dementia prevention and other behavioral benefits Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 48 2014 809 818
    • (2014) Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 809-818
    • Mauer, S.1    Vergne, D.2    Ghaemi, S.N.3
  • 52
    • 84893032657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder: A review with a focus on bipolar depression
    • S.L. McElroy, and P.E. Keck Jr. Metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder: a review with a focus on bipolar depression J. Clin. Psychiatry 75 2014 46 61
    • (2014) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.75 , pp. 46-61
    • McElroy, S.L.1    Keck, Jr.P.E.2
  • 53
    • 84873035596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common and unique risk factors and comorbidity for 12-month mood and anxiety disorders among Canadians
    • X. Meng, and C. D'Arcy Common and unique risk factors and comorbidity for 12-month mood and anxiety disorders among Canadians Can. J. Psychiatry 57 2012 479 487
    • (2012) Can. J. Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 479-487
    • Meng, X.1    D'Arcy, C.2
  • 54
    • 77957130430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of the effects of antipsychotic drugs on brain volume
    • J. Moncrieff, and J. Leo A systematic review of the effects of antipsychotic drugs on brain volume Psychol. Med. 40 2010 1409 1422
    • (2010) Psychol. Med. , vol.40 , pp. 1409-1422
    • Moncrieff, J.1    Leo, J.2
  • 55
    • 70450255115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and Alzheimer's disease: A link between body weight and cognitive function in old age
    • E.K. Naderali, S.H. Ratcliffe, and M.C. Dale Obesity and Alzheimer's disease: a link between body weight and cognitive function in old age Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Dement. 24 2009 445 449
    • (2009) Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Dement. , vol.24 , pp. 445-449
    • Naderali, E.K.1    Ratcliffe, S.H.2    Dale, M.C.3
  • 56
    • 70449641192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do antipsychotic drugs affect brain structure? A systematic and critical review of MRI findings
    • S. Navari, and P. Dazzan Do antipsychotic drugs affect brain structure? A systematic and critical review of MRI findings Psychol. Med. 39 2009 1763 1777
    • (2009) Psychol. Med. , vol.39 , pp. 1763-1777
    • Navari, S.1    Dazzan, P.2
  • 58
    • 0018072159 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis in schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness: A reassessment of the specificity of 'schizophrenic' symptoms in the light of current research
    • H.G. Pope Jr., and J.F. Lipinski Jr. Diagnosis in schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness: a reassessment of the specificity of 'schizophrenic' symptoms in the light of current research Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 35 1978 811 828
    • (1978) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.35 , pp. 811-828
    • Pope, Jr.H.G.1    Lipinski, Jr.J.F.2
  • 59
    • 84859856121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiological correlates of illness progression in the recurrent affective disorders
    • R.M. Post, J. Fleming, and F. Kapczinski Neurobiological correlates of illness progression in the recurrent affective disorders J. Psychiatr. Res. 46 2012 561 573
    • (2012) J. Psychiatr. Res. , vol.46 , pp. 561-573
    • Post, R.M.1    Fleming, J.2    Kapczinski, F.3
  • 61
    • 33744539205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: A systematic review of cross-sectional evidence
    • L.J. Robinson, and I.N. Ferrier Evolution of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of cross-sectional evidence Bipolar Disord. 8 2006 103 116
    • (2006) Bipolar Disord. , vol.8 , pp. 103-116
    • Robinson, L.J.1    Ferrier, I.N.2
  • 62
    • 84883560019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quantitative review of neurocognition in euthymic late-life bipolar disorder
    • C. Samamé, D.J. Martino, and S.A. Strejilevich A quantitative review of neurocognition in euthymic late-life bipolar disorder Bipolar Disord. 15 2013 633 644
    • (2013) Bipolar Disord. , vol.15 , pp. 633-644
    • Samamé, C.1    Martino, D.J.2    Strejilevich, S.A.3
  • 63
    • 84900309546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal course of cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder
    • C. Samamé, D.J. Martino, and S.A. Strejilevich Longitudinal course of cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder J. Affect. Disord. 164 2014 130 138
    • (2014) J. Affect. Disord. , vol.164 , pp. 130-138
    • Samamé, C.1    Martino, D.J.2    Strejilevich, S.A.3
  • 66
    • 84868108184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive decline in elderly bipolar disorder patients: A follow-up study
    • S.N. Schouws, M.L. Stek, H.C. Comijs, A. Dols, and A.T. Beekman Cognitive decline in elderly bipolar disorder patients: a follow-up study Bipolar Disord. 14 2012 749 755
    • (2012) Bipolar Disord. , vol.14 , pp. 749-755
    • Schouws, S.N.1    Stek, M.L.2    Comijs, H.C.3    Dols, A.4    Beekman, A.T.5
  • 67
    • 0018838729 scopus 로고
    • Bipolar affective disorder in old age
    • K. Shulman, and F. Post Bipolar affective disorder in old age Br. J. Psychiatry 136 1980 26 32
    • (1980) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.136 , pp. 26-32
    • Shulman, K.1    Post, F.2
  • 68
    • 84888361079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive function in adulthood and elderly euthymic bipolar patients: A comparison to test models of cognitive evolution
    • S.A. Strejilevich, and D.J. Martino Cognitive function in adulthood and elderly euthymic bipolar patients: a comparison to test models of cognitive evolution J. Affect. Disord. 150 2013 1188 1191
    • (2013) J. Affect. Disord. , vol.150 , pp. 1188-1191
    • Strejilevich, S.A.1    Martino, D.J.2
  • 73
    • 34547737951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological functioning in euthymic bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis
    • I.J. Torres, V.G. Boudreau, and L.N. Yatham Neuropsychological functioning in euthymic bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl. 434 2007 17 26
    • (2007) Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl. , vol.434 , pp. 17-26
    • Torres, I.J.1    Boudreau, V.G.2    Yatham, L.N.3
  • 74
    • 84896705577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 12-month longitudinal cognitive functioning in patients recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder
    • I.J. Torres, J. Kozicky, S. Popuri, D.J. Bond, W.G. Honer, R.W. Lam, and L.N. Yatham 12-month longitudinal cognitive functioning in patients recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder Bipolar Disord. 16 2014 159 171
    • (2014) Bipolar Disord. , vol.16 , pp. 159-171
    • Torres, I.J.1    Kozicky, J.2    Popuri, S.3    Bond, D.J.4    Honer, W.G.5    Lam, R.W.6    Yatham, L.N.7
  • 76
    • 64149128171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontotemporal dementia presenting as schizophrenia like psychosis in young people: Clinicopathological series and review of cases
    • D. Velakoulis, M. Walterfang, R. Mocellin, C. Pantelis, and C. McLean Frontotemporal dementia presenting as schizophrenia like psychosis in young people: clinicopathological series and review of cases Br. J. Psychiatry 194 2009 298 305
    • (2009) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.194 , pp. 298-305
    • Velakoulis, D.1    Walterfang, M.2    Mocellin, R.3    Pantelis, C.4    McLean, C.5
  • 77
    • 34250716553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is autoimmune thyroiditis part of the genetic vulnerability (or an endophenotype) for bipolar disorder?
    • R. Vonk, A.C. van der Schot, R.S. Kahn, W.A. Nolen, and H.A. Drexhage Is autoimmune thyroiditis part of the genetic vulnerability (or an endophenotype) for bipolar disorder? Biol. Psychiatry 62 2007 135 140
    • (2007) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 135-140
    • Vonk, R.1    Van Der Schot, A.C.2    Kahn, R.S.3    Nolen, W.A.4    Drexhage, H.A.5
  • 78
  • 80
    • 84886053047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The myth of schizophrenia as a progressive brain disease
    • R. Zipursky, T. Reilly, and R. Murray The myth of schizophrenia as a progressive brain disease Schizophr. Bull. 39 2013 1363 1372
    • (2013) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.39 , pp. 1363-1372
    • Zipursky, R.1    Reilly, T.2    Murray, R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.