Quantification of biological aging in young adults

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 112, Issue 30, 2015, Pages E4104-E4110

  Belsky, Daniel W ^a,b   Caspi, Avshalom ^a,b   Houts, Renate ^b   Cohen, Harvey J ^a   Corcoran, David L ^b   Danese, Andrea ^c   Harrington, Honalee ^b   Israel, Salomon ^d   Levine, Morgan E ^e   Schaefer, Jonathan D ^b   Sugden, Karen ^b   Williams, Ben ^b   Yashin, Anatoli I ^b   Poulton, Richie ^f   Moffitt, Terrie E ^a,b,c  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Aging; Biological aging; Cognitive aging; Geroscience; Healthspan

Indexed keywords

CREATININE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

ADULT; AGE; AGING; ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; CLINICAL INDICATOR; CREATININE CLEARANCE; DETERIORATION; FOLLOW UP; GRIP STRENGTH TEST; GROOVED PEGBOARD TEST; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; LEUKOCYTE; LIFESPAN; LUNG FUNCTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MICROVASCULATURE; MOTOR COORDINATION; PERCEPTION; PHYSICAL CAPACITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA BLOOD VESSEL; RISK FACTOR; TELOMERE; WELLBEING; YOUNG ADULT; COGNITION; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; TIME;

ADULT; AGING; BIOMARKERS; COGNITION; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; HUMANS; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MIDDLE AGED; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84938086301     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1506264112     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2013) World Population Ageing 2013 (United Nations, New York).
2. Harper S (2014) Economic and social implications of aging societies. Science 346(6209):587-591.
3. Vos T, et al. (2012) Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380(9859):2163-2196.
4. Burch JB, et al. (2014) Advances in geroscience: Impact on healthspan and chronic disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 69(Suppl 1):S1-S3.
5. Hayflick L (2000) The future of ageing. Nature 408(6809):267-269.
6. Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS (2001) The reliability theory of aging and longevity. J Theor Biol 213(4):527-545.
7. Kaeberlein M (2013) Longevity and aging. F1000Prime Rep 5:5.
8. Goldman DP, et al. (2013) Substantial health and economic returns from delayed aging may warrant a new focus for medical research. Health Aff (Millwood) 32(10):1698-1705.
9. Yashin AI, et al. (2012) How genes influence life span: The biodemography of human survival. Rejuvenation Res 15(4):374-380.
10. Barzilai N, et al. (2012) The place of genetics in ageing research. Nat Rev Genet 13(8):589-594.
11. Heyn H, et al. (2012) Distinct DNA methylomes of newborns and centenarians. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(26):10522-10527.
12. Barker DJP, Eriksson JG, Forsén T, Osmond C (2002) Fetal origins of adult disease: Strength of effects and biological basis. Int J Epidemiol 31(6):1235-1239.
13. Gillman MW (2005) Developmental origins of health and disease. N Engl J Med 353(17):1848-1850.
14. Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS (2004) Early-life programming of aging and longevity: The idea of high initial damage load (the HIDL hypothesis). Ann NYAcad Sci 1019:496-501.
15. Danese A, McEwen BS (2012) Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load, and age-related disease. Physiol Behav 106(1):29-39.
16. Fontana L, Kennedy BK, Longo VD, Seals D, Melov S (2014) Medical research: Treat ageing. Nature 511(7510):405-407.
17. De Cabo R, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Bernier M, Hall MN, Madeo F (2014) The search for antiaging interventions: From elixirs to fasting regimens. Cell 157(7):1515-1526.
18. Longo VD, et al. (April 22, 2015) Interventions to slow aging in humans: Are we ready? Aging Cell, 10.1111/acel.12338.
19. Simm A, et al. (2008) Potential biomarkers of ageing. Biol Chem 389(3):257-265.
20. Johnson TE (2006) Recent results: Biomarkers of aging. Exp Gerontol 41(12):1243-1246.
21. Sprott RL (2010) Biomarkers of aging and disease: Introduction and definitions. Exp Gerontol 45(1):2-4.
22. Mather KA, Jorm AF, Parslow RA, Christensen H (2011) Is telomere length a biomarker of aging? A review. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 66(2):202-213.
23. Klemera P, Doubal S (2006) A new approach to the concept and computation of biological age. Mech Ageing Dev 127(3):240-248.
24. Gruenewald TL, Seeman TE, Ryff CD, Karlamangla AS, Singer BH (2006) Combinations of biomarkers predictive of later life mortality. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103(38):14158-14163.
25. Cohen AA, et al. (2015) Detection of a novel, integrative aging process suggests complex physiological integration. PLoS ONE 10(3):e0116489.
26. Levine ME (2013) Modeling the rate of senescence: Can estimated biological age predict mortality more accurately than chronological age? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 68(6):667-674.
27. Clegg A, Young J, Iliffe S, Rikkert MO, Rockwood K (2013) Frailty in elderly people. Lancet 381(9868):752-762.
28. Applegate WB, Blass JP, Williams TF (1990) Instruments for the functional assessment of older patients. N Engl J Med 322(17):1207-1214.
29. Belsky DW, et al. (2013) Is obesity associated with a decline in intelligence quotient during the first half of the life course? Am J Epidemiol 178(9):1461-1468.
30. Salthouse TA (2004) What and when of cognitive aging. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 13(4):140-144.
31. Hartshorne JK, Germine LT (2015) When does cognitive functioning peak? The asynchronous rise and fall of different cognitive abilities across the life span. Psychol Sci 26(4):433-443.
32. Shalev I, et al. (2013) Retinal vessel caliber and lifelong neuropsychological functioning: Retinal imaging as an investigative tool for cognitive epidemiology. Psychol Sci 24(7):1198-1207.
33. Wong TY (2004) Is retinal photography useful in the measurement of stroke risk? Lancet Neurol 3(3):179-183.
34. Ikram MK, Cheung CY, Wong TY, Chen CPLH (2012) Retinal pathology as biomarker for cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 83(9):917-922.
35. Heringa SM, et al. (2013) Associations between retinal microvascular changes and dementia, cognitive functioning, and brain imaging abnormalities: A systematic review. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 33(7):983-995.
36. Wong TY, et al. (2001) Retinal microvascular abnormalities and incident stroke: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Lancet 358(9288):1134-1140.
37. Liew G, et al. (2009) Retinal microvascular signs and cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 57(10):1892-1896.
38. De Jong FJ, et al. (2008) Arteriolar oxygen saturation, cerebral blood flow, and retinal vessel diameters. The Rotterdam Study. Ophthalmology 115(5):887-892.
39. Kirkwood TBL (2005) Understanding the odd science of aging. Cell 120(4):437-447.
40. Geronimus AT, Hicken M, Keene D, Bound J (2006) "Weathering" and age patterns of allostatic load scores among blacks and whites in the United States. Am J Public Health 96(5):826-833.
41. Levine ME, Crimmins EM (2014) Evidence of accelerated aging among African Americans and its implications for mortality. Soc Sci Med 118(118):27-32.
42. Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB, Sr, D'Agostino RB, Jr, Vasan RS (2008) Evaluating the added predictive ability of a new marker: From area under the ROC curve to reclassification and beyond. Stat Med 27(2):157-172.
43. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (2013) GBD Cause Patterns (Univ Washington, Seattle, WA). Available at vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-cause-patterns/. Accessed September 20, 2014.
44. Poulton R, et al. (2006) The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study: Are its findings consistent with the overall New Zealand population? NZMed J 119(1235):U2002.
45. Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Rutter M, Silva PA (2001) Sex Differences in Antisocial Behavior: Conduct Disorder, Delinquency, and Violence in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study (Cambridge Univ Press, Cambridge, UK).
46. Jackson SHD, Weale MR, Weale RA (2003) Biological age-What is it and can it be measured? Arch Gerontol Geriatr 36(2):103-115.
47. Mitnitski A, Rockwood K (2014) Biological age revisited. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 69(3):295-296.
48. Levine ME (2013) Response to Dr. Mitnitski's and Dr. Rockwood's Letter to the Editor: Biological age revisited. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 69 A (3):297-298.
49. Cho IH, Park KS, Lim CJ (2010) An empirical comparative study on biological age estimation algorithms with an application of Work Ability Index (WAI). Mech Ageing Dev 131(2):69-78.
50. Singer JD, Willett JB (2003) Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis (Oxford Univ Press, New York).
51. Verbeke G, Fieuws S, Molenberghs G, Davidian M (2014) The analysis of multivariate longitudinal data: A review. Stat Methods Med Res 23(1):42-59.
52. Bohannon RW, Larkin PA, Cook AC, Gear J, Singer J (1984) Decrease in timed balance test scores with aging. Phys Ther 64(7):1067-1070.
53. Vereeck L, Wuyts F, Truijen S, Van De Heyning P (2008) Clinical assessment of balance: Normative data, and gender and age effects. Int J Audiol 47(2):67-75.
54. Springer BA, Marin R, Cyhan T, Roberts H, Gill NW (2007) Normative values for the unipedal stance test with eyes open and closed. J Geriatr Phys Ther 30(1):8-15.
55. Rantanen T, et al. (1999) Midlife hand grip strength as a predictor of old age disability. JAMA 281(6):558-560.
56. Mathiowetz V, et al. (1985) Grip and pinch strength: Normative data for adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 66(2):69-74.
57. Lezak DM, Howieson DB, Loring DW, Hannay HJ, Fischer JS (2004) Neuropsychological Assessment (Oxford Univ Press, New York), 4th Ed.
58. Ware JE, Jr, Sherbourne CD (1992) The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 30(6):473-483.
59. Wechsler D (2003) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Harcourt Assessment, San Antonio, TX), 4th Ed.
60. Wechsler D (2008) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Pearson Assessment, San Antonio, TX), 4th Ed.
61. Cheung CY-L, et al. (2010) A new method to measure peripheral retinal vascular caliber over an extended area. Microcirculation 17(7):495-503.
62. Cheung CY, et al. (2011) Quantitative and qualitative retinal microvascular characteristics and blood pressure. J Hypertens 29(7):1380-1391.
63. Knudtson MD, et al. (2003) Revised formulas for summarizing retinal vessel diameters. Curr Eye Res 27(3):143-149.
64. Sun C, Wang JJ, Mackey DA, Wong TY (2009) Retinal vascular caliber: Systemic, environmental, and genetic associations. Surv Ophthalmol 54(1):74-95.
65. Liew G, et al. (2007) Measurement of retinal vascular caliber: Issues and alternatives to using the arteriole to venule ratio. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48(1):52-57.
66. Wong TY, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Klein R, Mitchell P (2004) Does refractive error influence the association of blood pressure and retinal vessel diameters? The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 137(6):1050-1055.
67. 2max of inactive men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 20(3):317-318.
68. Bowtell DDL (1987) Rapid isolation of eukaryotic DNA. Anal Biochem 162(2):463-465.
69. Jeanpierre M (1987) A rapid method for the purification of DNA from blood. Nucleic Acids Res 15(22):9611.
70. Cawthon RM (2002) Telomere measurement by quantitative PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 30(10):e47.
71. Shalev I, et al. (2013) Exposure to violence during childhood is associated with telomere erosion from 5 to 10 years of age: A longitudinal study. Mol Psychiatry 18(5):576-581.
72. Cockcroft DW, Gault MH (1976) Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 16(1):31-41.
73. Winter MA, Guhr KN, Berg GM (2012) Impact of various body weights and serum creatinine concentrations on the bias and accuracy of the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Pharmacotherapy 32(7):604-612.
74. Brown DL, Masselink AJ, Lalla CD (2013) Functional range of creatinine clearance for renal drug dosing: A practical solution to the controversy of which weight to use in the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Ann Pharmacother 47(7-8):1039-1044.