Virological outcome and management of persistent low-level viraemia in HIV-1-infected patients: 11 years of the Swiss HIV cohort study

Antiviral Therapy

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 165-175

  Boillat Blanco, Noémie ^a   Darling, Katharine E A ^a   Schoni Affolter, Franziska ^b   Vuichard, Danielle ^c   Rougemont, Mathieu ^d   Fulchini, Rosamaria ^e   Bernasconi, Enos ^f   Aouri, Manel ^a   Clerc, Olivier ^a   Furrer, Hansjakob ^g   Günthard, Huldrych F ^h   Cavassini, Matthias ^a   Aubert, V ⁱ   Battegay, M ⁱ   Bernasconi, E ⁱ   Boni J ⁱ   Bucher, H C ⁱ   Burton Jeangros, C ⁱ   Calmy, A ⁱ   Cavassini, M ⁱ   Dollenmaier, G ⁱ   Egger, M ⁱ   Elzi, L ⁱ   Fehr, J ⁱ   Fellay, J ⁱ   Furrer, H ⁱ   Fux, C A ⁱ   Gorgievski, M ⁱ   Gunthard H ⁱ   Haerry, D ⁱ   Hasse, B ⁱ   Hirsch, H H ⁱ   Hoffmann, M ⁱ   Hosli I ⁱ   Kahlert, C ⁱ   Kaiser, L ⁱ   Keiser, O ⁱ   Klimkait, T ⁱ   Kouyos, R ⁱ   Kovari, H ⁱ   Ledergerber, B ⁱ   Martinetti, G ⁱ   De Martinez, Tejada B ⁱ   Metzner, K ⁱ   Muller N ⁱ   Nadal, D ⁱ   Nicca, D ⁱ   Pantaleo, G ⁱ   Rauch, A ⁱ   Regenass, S ⁱ   Rickenbach, M ⁱ   Rudin, C ⁱ   Schoni Affolter F ⁱ   Schmid, P ⁱ   Schupbach J ⁱ   Speck, R ⁱ   Tarr, P ⁱ   Telenti, A ⁱ   Trkola, A ⁱ   Vernazza, P ⁱ   Weber, R ⁱ   Yerly, S ⁱ   more..

^a LAUSANNE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

^b Swiss HIV Cohort Data Centre   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL BASEL   (Switzerland)

^d GENEVA UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS   (Switzerland)

^e CANTONAL HOSPITAL ST GALLEN   (Switzerland)

^f Hospital of Lugano   (Switzerland)

^g UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^h UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ZURICH   (Switzerland)

ⁱ NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABACAVIR; ABACAVIR PLUS LAMIVUDINE PLUS ZIDOVUDINE; DARUNAVIR; DIDANOSINE; ENFUVIRTIDE; LAMIVUDINE; LAMIVUDINE PLUS NEVIRAPINE PLUS STAVUDINE; LAMIVUDINE PLUS NEVIRAPINE PLUS ZIDOVUDINE; MARAVIROC; NONNUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RALTEGRAVIR; RITONAVIR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PROTEINASE INHIBITOR;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG MONITORING; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; KIDNEY CLEARANCE; KIDNEY FUNCTION; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SWISS; SWITZERLAND; TREATMENT DURATION; VIREMIA; VIRUS LOAD; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; DRUG EFFECTS; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; IMMUNOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIROLOGY; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ADULT; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS; HIV-1; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; SWITZERLAND; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VIRAL LOAD; VIREMIA; VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 84937559088     PISSN: 13596535     EISSN: 20402058     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3851/IMP2815     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Murray JS, Elashoff MR, Iacono-Connors LC, Cvetkovich TA, Struble KA. The use of plasma HIV RNA as a study endpoint in efficacy trials of antiretroviral drugs. AIDS 1999; 13:797-804.
2. Mellors JW, Munoz A, Giorgi JV, et al. Plasma viral load and CD4+ lymphocytes as prognostic markers of HIV-1 infection. Ann Intern Med 1997; 126:946-954.
3. Sungkanuparph S, Groger RK, Overton ET, Fraser VJ, Powderly WG. Persistent low-level viraemia and virological failure in HIV-1-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 2006; 7:437-441.
4. Cohen C. Low-level viremia in HIV-1 infection: consequences and implications for switching to a new regimen. HIV Clin Trials 2009; 10:116-124.
5. Thompson MA, Aberg JA, Cahn P, et al. Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection: 2010 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA panel. JAMA 2010; 304:321-333.
6. Widdrington J, Payne B, Medhi M, Valappil M, Schmid ML. The significance of very low-level viraemia detected by sensitive viral load assays in HIV infected patients on HAART. J Infect 2011; 62:87-92.
7. Greub G, Cozzi-Lepri A, Ledergerber B, et al. Intermittent and sustained low-level HIV viral rebound in patients receiving potent antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2002; 16:1967-1969.
8. Li JZ, Gallien S, Do TD, et al. Prevalence and significance of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among patients on antiretroviral therapy with detectable low-level viremia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:5998-6000.
9. Nettles RE, Kieffer TL, Simmons RP, et al. Genotypic resistance in HIV-1-infected patients with persistently detectable low-level viremia while receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:1030-1037.
10. Doyle T, Smith C, Vitiello P, et al. Plasma HIV-1 RNA detection below 50 copies/ml and risk of virologic rebound in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54:724-732.
11. Henrich TJ, Wood BR, Kuritzkes DR. Increased risk of virologic rebound in patients on antiviral therapy with a detectable HIV load <48 copies/mL. PLoS ONE 2012; 7:e50065.
12. Laprise C, de Pokomandy A, Baril JG, Dufresne S, Trottier H. Virologic failure following persistent low-level viremia in a cohort of HIV-positive patients: results from 12 years of observation. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:1489-1496.
13. Maggiolo F, Callegaro A, Cologni G, et al. Ultrasensitive assessment of residual low-level HIV viremia in HAART-treated patients and risk of virological failure. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012; 60:473-482.
14. Charpentier C, Landman R, Laouenan C, et al. Persistent low-level HIV-1 RNA between 20 and 50 copies/ml in antiretroviral-treated patients: associated factors and virological outcome. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:2231-2235.
15. Deeks SG, Martin JN, Sinclair E, et al. Strong cell-mediated immune responses are associated with the maintenance of low-level viremia in antiretroviral-treated individuals with drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis 2004; 189:312-321.
16. Delaugerre C, Gallien S, Flandre P, et al. Impact of lowlevel-viremia on HIV-1 drug-resistance evolution among antiretroviral treated-patients. PLoS ONE 2012; 7:e36673.
17. Dinoso JB, Kim SY, Wiegand AM, et al. Treatment intensification does not reduce residual HIV-1 viremia in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:9403-9408.
18. Gandhi RT, Zheng L, Bosch RJ, et al. The effect of raltegravir intensification on low-level residual viremia in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med 2010; 7:e1000321.
19. García-Gascó P, Maida I, Blanco F, et al. Episodes of lowlevel viral rebound in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: frequency, predictors and outcome. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 61:699-704.
20. Günthard HF, Wong JK, Ignacio CC, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus replication and genotypic resistance in blood and lymph nodes after a year of potent antiretroviral therapy. J Virol 1998; 72:2422-2428.
21. Hermankova M, Ray SC, Ruff C, et al. HIV-1 drug resistance profiles in children and adults with viral load of <50 copies/ml receiving combination therapy. JAMA 2001; 286:196-207.
22. Joos B, Fischer M, Kuster H, et al. HIV rebounds from latently infected cells, rather than from continuing low-level replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:16725-16730.
23. Lo Re V, III, Gasink L, Kostman JR, Leonard D, Gross R. Natural history of patients with low-level HIV viremia on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2004; 18:436-442.
24. Ostrowski SR, Katzenstein TL, Thim PT, Pedersen BK, Gerstoft J, Ullum H. Low-level viremia and proviral DNA impede immune reconstitution in HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2005; 191:348-357.
25. Pham T, Alrabaa S, Somboonwit C, Le H, Montero J. The HIV virologic outcomes of different interventions among treatment-experienced patients with 2 consecutive detectable low-level viremia. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic) 2011; 10:54-56.
26. Taiwo B, Gallien S, Aga E, et al. Antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-1-infected patients experiencing persistent low-level viremia during first-line therapy. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:515-520.
27. Günthard HF, Frost SD, Leigh-Brown AJ, et al. Evolution of envelope sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cellular reservoirs in the setting of potent antiviral therapy. J Virol 1999; 73:9404-9412.
28. Thompson MA, Aberg JA, Hoy JF, et al. Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection: 2012 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA panel. JAMA 2012; 308:387-402.
29. DHHS-panel. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. (Accessed 11 April 2014.) Available from http://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov/ContentFiles/AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf
30. Hirsch MS, Gunthard HF, Schapiro JM, et al. Antiretroviral drug resistance testing in adult HIV-1 infection: 2008 recommendations of an International AIDS Society-USA panel. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:266-285.
31. Schoeni-Affolter F, Ledergerber B, Rickenbach M, et al. Cohort Profile: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Int J Epidemiol 2010; 39:1179-1189.
32. Fayet Mello A, Buclin T, Decosterd LA, et al. Successful efavirenz dose reduction guided by therapeutic drug monitoring. Antivir Ther 2011; 16:189-197.
33. Stanford HIV drug resistance database. (Accessed 11 April 2014.) Available from http://hivdb.stanford.edu
34. Glass TR, De Geest S, Hirschel B, et al. Self-reported nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy repeatedly assessed by two questions predicts treatment failure in virologically suppressed patients. Antivir Ther 2008; 13:77-85.
35. Elzi L, Marzolini C, Furrer H, et al. Treatment modification in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals starting combination antiretroviral therapy between 2005 and 2008. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170:57-65.
36. Opravil M, Sereni D. Natural history of HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: trends in the HAART era. AIDS 2008; 22 Suppl 3:S35-S40.
37. Malan DR, Krantz E, David N, et al. Efficacy and safety of atazanavir, with or without ritonavir, as part of oncedaily highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens in antiretroviral-naive patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008; 47:161-167.
38. Maggiolo F, Callegaro A, Cologni G, et al. Ultrasensitive assessment of residual low-level HIV viremia in HAARTtreated patients and risk of virological failure. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012; 60:473-482.
39. Doyle T, Geretti AM. Low-level viraemia on HAART: significance and management. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2012; 25:17-25.
40. Boillat-Blanco N, Darling KE, Taffe P, et al. Impact of recommendation updates in well-controlled patients on nonrecommended antiretroviral therapies: the Swiss HIV cohort study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2013; 62:180-189.
41. Yeni PG, Hammer SM, Hirsch MS, et al. Treatment for adult HIV infection: 2004 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA Panel. JAMA 2004; 292:251-265.
42. Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Schoeni-Affolter F, Ledergerber B, et al. Cohort profile: the Swiss HIV Cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2010; 39:1179-1189.