Waste paper for recycling: Overview and identification of potentially critical substances

Waste Management

Volumn 45, Issue , 2014, Pages 134-142

  Pivnenko, Kostyantyn ^a   Eriksson, Eva ^a   Astrup, Thomas F ^a  

^a TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Hazardous substances; Paper; Priority pollutants; Recycling; Waste management

Indexed keywords

BIODEGRADABILITY; BIOHAZARDS; CHEMICAL HAZARDS; INDICATORS (CHEMICAL); PAPER; WASTE MANAGEMENT; WASTE PAPER;

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE; CONVERSION PROCESS; ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; PAPER AND PULP PRODUCTION; PRIORITY POLLUTANTS; PRODUCT MANUFACTURING; SCREENING PROCEDURES;

RECYCLING;

4 HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID ESTER; CHEMICAL COMPOUND; MINERAL OIL; PHENOL; PHTHALIC ACID; DANGEROUS GOODS; POLLUTANT; SOLID WASTE;

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE; HAZARDOUS WASTE; POLLUTANT; RECYCLING; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

ARTICLE; BIODEGRADABILITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; ECONOMIC ASPECT; EUROPE; MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY; PAPER INDUSTRY; PRINTING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECYCLING; WASTE MANAGEMENT; ANALYSIS; DANGEROUS GOODS; PAPER; POLLUTANT; SOLID WASTE;

EUROPE;

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; PAPER; RECYCLING; SOLID WASTE; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

EID: 84937151121     PISSN: 0956053X     EISSN: 18792456     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.028     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Baun, A., Eriksson, E., Ledin, A., Mikkelsen, P.S., 2006. A methodology for ranking and hazard identification of xenobiotic organic compounds in urban stormwater. Sci. Total Environ. 370, 29-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006. 05.017.
2. Becerra, V., Odermatt, J., 2012. Detection and quantification of traces of bisphenol A and bisphenol S in paper samples using analytical pyrolysis-GC/MS. Analyst 137, 2250-2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2an15961a.
3. Begley, T.H., Hsu, W., Noonan, G., Diachenko, G., 2008. Migration of fluorochemical paper additives from food-contact paper into foods and food simulants. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. Chem. Anal. Control. Expo. Risk Assess. 25, 384-390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652030701513784.
4. BfR, 2007. Di-isobutylphthalate in food-contact paper and board, Working group ''Paper and board'', Federal Institute for Risk Assessment. (accessed 02.14).
5. Biedermann, M., Grob, K., 2010. Is recycled newspaper suitable for food contact materials? Technical grade mineral oils from printing inks. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 230, 785-796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-010-1223-9.
6. Biedermann, M., Grob, K., 2012. On-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography for the analysis of contamination by mineral oil. Part 2: migration from paperboard into dry foods: interpretation of chromatograms. J. Chromatogr. A 1255, 76-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.096.
7. Biedermann, S., Tschudin, P., Grob, K., 2010. Transfer of bisphenol A from thermal printer paper to the skin. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 398, 571-576.
8. Biedermann, M., Ingenhoff, J.-E., Barbanera, M., Garbini, D., Grob, K., 2011a. Migration of mineral oil into noodles from recycled fibres in the paperboard box and the corrugated board transport box as well as from printing inks: A case study. Packag. Technol. Sci. 24, 281-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pts.937.
9. Biedermann, M., Uematsu, Y., Grob, K., 2011b. Mineral oil contents in paper and board recycled to paperboard for food packaging. Packag. Technol. Sci. 24, 61-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pts.914.
10. Biedermann, M., Ingenhoff, J.-E., Zurfluh, M., Richter, L., Simat, T., Harling, A., Altkofer, W., Helling, R., Grob, K., 2013. Migration of mineral oil, photoinitiators and plasticisers from recycled paperboard into dry foods: a study under controlled conditions. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. Chem. Anal. Control. Expo. Risk Assess. 30, 885-898.
11. Binderup, M.L., Pedersen, G.A., Vinggaard, A.M., Rasmussen, E.S., Rosenquist, H., Cederberg, T., 2002. Toxicity testing and chemical analyses of recycled fibrebased paper for food contact. Food Addit. Contam. 19 (Suppl), 13-28.
12. BMELV, 2012. Ausmaß der Migration unerwünschter Stoffe aus Verpackungsmaterialien aus Altpapier in Lebensmitteln, BMELV (German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection). (accessed 01.14).
13. Bradley, E.L., Honkalampi-Hämäläinen, U., Weber, A., Andersson, M.A., Bertaud, F., Castle, L., Dahlman, O., Hakulinen, P., Hoornstra, D., Lhuguenot, J.-C., Mäki-Paakkanen, J., Salkinoja-Salonen, M., Speck, D.R., Severin, I., Stammati, A., Turco, L., Zucco, F., von Wright, A., 2008. The BIOSAFEPAPER project for in vitro toxicity assessments: preparation, detailed chemical characterisation and testing of extracts from paper and board samples. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, 2498-2509.
14. Breivik, K., Sweetman, A., Pacyna, J.M., Jones, K.C., 2007. Towards a global historical emission inventory for selected PCB congeners-a mass balance approach 2. Emissions. Sci. Total Environ. 377, 296-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.02.026.
15. Castle, L., Damant, A.P., Honeybone, C.A., Johns, S.M., Jickells, S.M., Sharman, M., Gilbert, J., 1997a. Migration studies from paper and board food packaging materials. Part 2. Survey for residues of dialkylamino benzophenone UV-cure ink photoinitiators. Food Addit. Contam. 14, 45-52.
16. Castle, L., Offen, C.P., Baxter, M.J., Gilbert, J., 1997b. Migration studies from paper and board food packaging materials. 1. Compositional analysis. Food Addit. Contam. 14, 35-44.
17. CDC, 2009. Fourth national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta GA, USA.
18. CEPI, 2012. Industry Guideline for the Compliance of Paper & Board Materials and Articles for Food Contact, Confederation of European Paper Industries, Brussels, Belgium.
19. CEPI, 2013a. Key Statistics. European Pulp and Paper Industry 2012, Confederation of European Paper Industries, Brussels, Belgium.
20. CEPI, 2013b. CEPI sustainability report 2013. European Paper Industry-Advancing the bioeconomy, Confederation of European Paper Industries, Brussels, Belgium.
21. Droz, C., Grob, K., 1997. Determination of food contamination by mineral oil material from printed cardboard using on-line coupled LC-GC-FID. Zeitschrift für Leb. und -forsch. A, 239-241.
22. EC, 2004. European Commission (EC), Regulation No 1935/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 2004 on materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and repealing Directives 80/590/EEC and 89/109/EEC. OffJ Eur Union L338: 4-17.
23. EC, 2006. European Commission (EC), Regulation No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and the Council of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), establishing a European Chemicals Agency, amending Directive 1999/45/EC and. OffJ Eur Union L396: 1-849.
24. EC, 2008. European Commission (EC), Regulation No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1. OffJ Eur Union L353: 1-1355.
25. EFSA, 2012a. Report of ESCO WG on non-plastic Food Contact Materials, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy 1-63.
26. EFSA, 2012b. Scientific Opinion on Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons in Food. EFSA J. 10(6), 2704-2889.
27. EuPIA, 2012. Inventory list-version June 2012. Comprising of packaging ink raw materials applied to the non-food contact surface of food packaging. European Printing Ink Association. Brussels, Belgium.
28. EuPIA, 2013. Annual report. European Printing Ink Association. (accessed 03.14).
29. FDHA, 2005. Ordinance of the FDHA on Materials and Articles RS 817.023.21, Swiss Federal Department of Home Affairs (FDHA).
30. FEICA, 2008. Adhesives and sealants demand in Europe in 2008. Market statistics. European Adhesives and Sealant Industry. (accessed 03.14).
31. Fierens, T., Servaes, K., Van Holderbeke, M., Geerts, L., De Henauw, S., Sioen, I., Vanermen, G., 2012. Analysis of phthalates in food products and packaging materials sold on the Belgian market. Food Chem. Toxicol. 50, 2575-2583.
32. Fiselier, K., Grob, K., 2012. Barriers against the migration of mineral oil from paperboard food packaging: Experimental determination of breakthrough periods. Packag. Technol. Sci. 25, 285-301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pts.982.
33. Gärtner, S., Balski, M., Koch, M., Nehls, I., 2009. Analysis and migration of phthalates in infant food packed in recycled paperboard. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57, 10675-10681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf902683m.
34. Geens, T., Goeyens, L., Kannan, K., Neels, H., Covaci, A., 2012. Levels of bisphenol-A in thermal paper receipts from Belgium and estimation of human exposure. Sci. Total Environ. 435-436, 30-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012. 07.001.
35. Gehring, M., Tennhardt, L., Vogel, D., 2004. Bisphenol A contamination of wastepaper, cellulose and recycled paper products. In: Brebbia, C.A., Kungolos, S., Popov, V., Itoh, H. (Eds.), Waste Management and the Environment. WIT Press, pp. 293-301.
36. Ginebreda, A., Guillén, D., Barceló, D., Darbra, R., 2012. Additives in the Paper Industry. In: Bilitewski, B., Darbra, R.M., Barceló, D. (Eds.), Global Risk-Based Management of Chemical Additives I SE-109, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 11-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2011_109.
37. Hermanson, M.H., Johnson, G.W., 2007. Polychlorinated biphenyls in tree bark near a former manufacturing plant in Anniston, Alabama. Chemosphere 68, 191-198.
38. Huber, K., 1997. Wisconsin Mercury SourceBook, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. (accessed 05.14).
39. ITC, 2014. International trade in goods-Imports 2001-2013. International Trade Center. (accessed 03.14).
40. JECFA, 2012. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Seventy-sixth meeting, Geneva, Switzerland. (accessed 10.14).
41. KEMI, 2014. Overview of chemicals, Swedish Chemicals Agency (accessed 03.14).
42. Latorre, A., Rigol, A., Lacorte, S., Barcelo, D., 2005. Organic compounds in paper mill wastewaters. In: Barceló, D. (Ed.), The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 25-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b97783.
43. Laurijssen, J., Marsidi, M., Westenbroek, A., Worrell, E., Faaij, A., 2010. Paper and biomass for energy? Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 54, 1208-1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.03.016.
44. LeBel, G.L., Williams, D.T., Benoit, F.M., 1991. Determination of chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in selected paper products. Chemosphere 23, 737-746.
45. Liao, C., Kannan, K., 2011. Widespread occurrence of bisphenol A in paper and paper products: implications for human exposure. Environ. Sci. Technol. 45, 9372-9379.
46. Lorenzini, R., Biedermann, M., Grob, K., Garbini, D., Barbanera, M., Braschi, I., 2013. Migration kinetics of mineral oil hydrocarbons from recycled paperboard to dry food: monitoring of two real cases. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. Chem. Anal. Control. Expo. Risk Assess. 30, 760-770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2013.766765.
47. Mendum, T., Stoler, E., VanBenschoten, H., Warner, J.C., 2011. Concentration of bisphenol A in thermal paper. Green Chem. Lett. Rev. 4, 81-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2010.502908.
48. Miljøstyrelsen, 2003a. Survey of chemical substances in paper handkerchiefs and toilet paper. Survey of chemical substances in consumer products No. 34, Miljøstyrelsen (Danish EPA), Copenhagen, Denmark.
49. Miljøstyrelsen, 2003b. Survey, emission and evaluation of volatile organic chemicals in printed matter. Survey of chemical compounds in consumer products No. 36, Miljøstyrelsen (Danish EPA), Copenhagen, Denmark.
50. Miljøstyrelsen, 2011a. Kemikaliesubstitution i grafisk branche, Miljøproject Nr. 1354, Miljøstyrelsen (Danish EPA), Copenhagen, Denmark.
51. Miljøstyrelsen, 2011b. Migration of bisphenol A from cash register receipts and baby dummies. Survey of chemical substances in consumer products No. 110, Miljøstyrelsen (Danish EPA), Copenhagen, Denmark.
52. Miljøstyrelsen, 2013. Survey of parabens. Environmental project No. 1474, Miljøstyrelsen (Danish EPA), Copenhagen, Denmark.
53. Moench, D., Auhorn, W., 2002. Chemical additives for papermaking-Products, trends, industry consolidation, In: Annual Meeting; 88th, Pulp and Paper Technical Association of Canada. pp. 109-112.
54. Munawar, M., Munawar, I.F., Sergeant, D., Wenghofer, C., 2000. A preliminary bioassessment of Lake Baikal sediment toxicity in the vicinity of a pulp and paper mill. Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. 3, 249-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634980008657023.
55. Ozaki, A., Yamaguchi, Y., Fujita, T., Kuroda, K., Endo, G., 2004. Chemical analysis and genotoxicological safety assessment of paper and paperboard used for food packaging. Food Chem. Toxicol. 42, 1323-1337.
56. Parry, S., 2001. Neutron activation analysis of recycled paper and board in contact with food. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 248, 143-147.
57. Petersen, J.H., Jensen, L.K., Jespersen, H.T., Sørensen, F., Schaumburg, K., 2013. Fødevareemballager af trykt papir og pap. Udvikling og validering af analysekoncept, DTU Fødevareinstituttet (Danish National Food Institute), Søborg, Denmark.
58. Pivnenko, K., Eriksson, E., Astrup, T.F., 2013. Presence of potentially critical substances in waste paper, in: R. Cossu, P. He, P. Kjeldsen, Y. Matsufuji, D. Reinhart, R. Stegmann (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fourteenth Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, Sardinia 2013, S. Margherita di Pula. Proc. Sardinia 2013.
59. Poças, M.F., Oliveira, J.C., Pereira, J.R., Hogg, T., 2010. Consumer exposure to phthalates from paper packaging: an integrated approach. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. Chem. Anal. Control. Expo. Risk Assess. 27, 1451-1459.
60. Riber, C., Petersen, C., Christensen, T.H., 2009. Chemical composition of material fractions in Danish household waste. Waste Manag. 29, 1251-1257.
61. Riskcycle, 2013. Risk-based management of chemicals and products in a circular economy at a global scale, Chemical Additive Database. (accessed 11.13).
62. Rosenmai, A., Dybdahl, M., Pedersen, G.A., Pedersen, M., van Vugt-Lussenburg, B., Taxvig, C., Vinggard, A.M., 2013. Are structural analogues to bisphenol A a safe alternative? Toxicol. Lett., 221
63. Rotter, V.S., Kost, T., Winkler, J., Bilitewski, B., 2004. Material flow analysis of RDFproduction processes. Waste Manag. 24, 1005-1021.
64. Santl, H., Bichlmaier, A., Gruber, L., Stöhrer, E., 1994. Mass balance of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) in a recycling paper mill. Chemosphere 28, 1633-1639.
65. Sipiläinen-Malm, T., Latva-Kala, K., Tikkanen, L., Suihko, M.L., Skyttä, E., 1997. Purity of recycled fibre-based materials. Food Addit. Contam. 14, 695-703.
66. Song, Y.S., Park, H.J., Komolprasert, V., 2000. Analytical procedure for quantifying five compounds suspected as possible contaminants in recycled paper/paperboard for food packaging. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48, 5856-5859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf000512x.
67. SPIN, 2013. Substances in Preparations in Nordic countries (SPIN). (accessed 10.13).
68. Storr-Hansen, E., Rastogi, S.C., 1988. Polychlorinated biphenyls and heavy metal levels in recycled paper for household use. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 40, 451-456.
69. Sturaro, A., Rella, R., Parvoli, G., Ferrara, D., Tisato, F., 2006. Contamination of dry foods with trimethyldiphenylmethanes by migration from recycled paper and board packaging. Food Addit. Contam. 23, 431-436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652030500526052.
70. Thacker, N.P., Nitnaware, V.C., Das, S.K., Devotta, S., 2007. Dioxin formation in pulp and paper mills of India. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.-Int. 14, 225-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2007.02.386.
71. Trier, X., Granby, K., Christensen, J.H., 2011. Polyfluorinated surfactants (PFS) in paper and board coatings for food packaging. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 18, 1108-1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-010-0439-3.
72. U.S. EPA, 2013. Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite, v4.1, United States Environ. Prot. Agency, Washington, DC, USA. (accessed 02.14).
73. Villanueva, A., Wenzel, H., 2007. Paper waste-recycling, incineration or landfilling? A review of existing life cycle assessments. Waste Manag. 27, S29-S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.02.019.
74. Vinggaard, A.M., Körner, W., Lund, K.H., Bolz, U., Petersen, J.H., 2000. Identification and quantification of estrogenic compounds in recycled and virgin paper for household use as determined by an in vitro yeast estrogen screen and chemical analysis. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 13, 1214-1222.
75. WHO, 2002. Global assessment of the state-of-the-science of endocrine disruptors, World Health Organization.
76. ZELLCHEMING, 2008. Chemical Additives for the Production of Pulp & Paper, Ed. by ZELLCHEMING Technical Committee ''Chemical Additives (CHAD)'', Deutscher Fachverlag Publisher.
77. Zheng, M.-H., Bao, Z.-C., Zhang, B., Xu, X.-B., 2001. Polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins and dibenzofurans in paper making from a pulp mill in China. Chemosphere 44, 1335-1337.