Electrical-thermal analysis of III-V triple-junction solar cells under variable spectra and ambient temperatures

Solar Energy

Volumn 118, Issue , 2015, Pages 533-546

  Theristis, Marios ^a   O'Donovan, Tadhg S ^a  

^a HERIOT WATT UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Concentrating photovoltaic; Cooling requirements; Electrical and thermal modelling; Triple junction solar cells

Indexed keywords

COOLING; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; HEAT CONVECTION; HEAT RESISTANCE; HEAT TRANSFER; HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS; INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; SOLAR POWER GENERATION; THERMOANALYSIS;

CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC; CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS; CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT; COOLING REQUIREMENTS; MULTI JUNCTION SOLAR CELLS; THERMAL MODELLING; THREE DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS; TRIPLE JUNCTION SOLAR CELLS;

SOLAR CELLS;

AMBIENT AIR; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); COOLING; EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT; ELECTRICAL POWER; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; HEAT TRANSFER; IRRADIANCE; OPTIMIZATION; PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM; SPECTRAL ANALYSIS; TEMPERATURE; THERMAL CONVECTION; THERMAL POWER;

EID: 84934963581     PISSN: 0038092X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2015.06.003     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Al-Amri F., Mallick T.K. Alleviating operating temperature of concentration solar cell by air active cooling and surface radiation. Appl. Therm. Eng. 2013, 59:348-354.
2. Araki, K., Uozumi, H., Yamaguchi, M., 2002. A simple-passive cooling structure and its heat analysis for 500 X concentrator PV module. In: 29th IEEE PVSC, New Orleans, LA, USA, pp. 1568-1571.
3. Azurspace, 2010. CPV triple junction solar cell assembly - Type 3C40A data sheet. <> (accessed 08.08.14). http://azurspace.de/images/pdfs/CPV%20TJ%20Solar%20Cell%203C40A%2032x37mm.pdf.
4. Azurspace, 2014. CPV triple junction solar cell assembly - Type 3C42A data sheet. <> (accessed 08.08.14). http://azurspace.com/images/products/DB_3987-00-00_3C42_AzurDesign_EFA_10x10_2014-03-27.pdf.
5. Ben Or A., Appelbaum J. Estimation of multi-junction solar cell parameters. Progr. Photovolt. 2013, 21:713-723.
6. Chou T.L., Shih Z.H., Hong H.F., Han C.N., Chiang K.N. Thermal performance assessment and validation of high-concentration photovoltaic solar cell module. IEEE Trans. Comp. Packag. Manuf. Technol. 2012, 2:578-586.
7. Cotal, H., Frost, J., 2010. Heat transfer modeling of concentrator multijunction solar cell assemblies using finite difference techniques. In: 35th IEEE PVSC, Honolulu, HI, USA.
8. Cotal, H., Sherif, R., 2006. Temperature dependence of the IV parameters from triple junction GaInP/InGaAs/Ge concentrator solar cells. In: 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, IEEE, pp. 845-848.
9. Dominguez C., Anton I., Sala G. Multijunction solar cell model for translating I-V characteristics as a function of irradiance, spectrum, and cell temperature. Prog. Photovoltaics Res. Appl. 2010, 18:272-284.
10. Espinet-González P., Algora C., Núñez N., Orlando V., Vázquez M., Bautista J., Araki K. Temperature accelerated life test on commercial concentrator III-V triple-junction solar cells and reliability analysis as a function of the operating temperature. Prog. Photovoltaics Res. Appl. 2014, n/a-n/a.
11. Faine P., Kurtz S.R., Riordan C., Olson J.M. The influence of spectral solar irradiance variations on the performance of selected single-junction and multijunction solar-cells. Solar Cells 1991, 31:259-278.
12. Fernández E.F., Almonacid F., Rodrigo P., Pérez-Higueras P. Model for the prediction of the maximum power of a high concentrator photovoltaic module. Sol. Energy 2013, 97:12-18.
13. Fernández E.F., Almonacid F., Rodrigo P., Pérez-Higueras P. Calculation of the cell temperature of a high concentrator photovoltaic (HCPV) module: a study and comparison of different methods. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2014, 121:144-151.
14. Fernandez, E.F., Loureiro, A.J.G., Rodrigo, P., Almonacid, F., Fernandez, J.I., Higueras, P.J.P., Almonacid, G., Loureiro, A.J.G., 2013a. Calculation of cell temperature in a HCPV module using V-oc. In: Spanish Conference on Electron Devices, pp. 317-320.
15. Fernández E.F., Rodrigo P., Almonacid F., Pérez-Higueras P. A method for estimating cell temperature at the maximum power point of a HCPV module under actual operating conditions. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2014, 124:159-165.
16. Fernandez E.F., Siefer G., Almonacid F., Loureiro A.J.G., Perez-Higueras P. A two subcell equivalent solar cell model for III-V triple junction solar cells under spectrum and temperature variations. Sol. Energy 2013, 92:221-229.
17. Gueymard, C.A., 1995. Simple model of the atmospheric radiative transfer of sunshine, version 2 (SMARTS2): algorithms description and performance assessment. Report FSEC-PF-270-95. Florida Solar Energy Center.
18. Gueymard C.A. Parameterized transmittance model for direct beam and circumsolar spectral irradiance. Sol. Energy 2001, 71:325-346.
19. Gueymard C.A., Myers D. Solar Resource for Space and Terrestrial Applications. Solar Cells and their Applications 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
20. Gueymard C.A., Myers D., Emery K. Proposed reference irradiance spectra for solar energy systems testing. Sol. Energy 2002, 73:443-467.
21. Guter W., Schone J., Philipps S.P., Steiner M., Siefer G., Wekkeli A., Welser E., Oliva E., Bett A.W., Dimroth F. Current-matched triple-junction solar cell reaching 41.1% conversion efficiency under concentrated sunlight. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94.
22. Helmers H., Schachtner M., Bett A.W. Influence of temperature and irradiance on triple-junction solar subcells. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2013, 116:144-152.
23. Hornung T., Steiner M., Nitz P. Estimation of the influence of Fresnel lens temperature on energy generation of a concentrator photovoltaic system. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2012, 99:333-338.
24. Incropera F.P., DeWitt D.P. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer 1996, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
25. Jaus, J., Hue, R., Wiesenfarth, M., Peharz, G., Bett, A.W., 2008. Thermal management in a passively cooled concentrator photovoltaic module. In: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference. Valencia, Spain.
26. Kinsey G. High-Concentration, III-V Multijunction Solar Cells. Solar Cells and their Applications 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
27. Kinsey G.S., Edmondson K.M. Spectral response and energy output of concentrator multijunction solar cells. Progr. Photovolt. 2009, 17:279-288.
28. Kinsey G.S., Hebert P., Barbour K.E., Krut D.D., Cotal H.L., Sherif R.A. Concentrator multijunction solar cell characteristics under variable intensity and temperature. Progr. Photovolt. 2008, 16:503-508.
29. Kribus A., Kaftori D., Mittelman G., Hirshfeld A., Flitsanov Y., Dayan A. A miniature concentrating photovoltaic and thermal system. Energy Convers. Manage. 2006, 47:3582-3590.
30. Kuo, A.Y., Lin, B., Huang, C.C., Chen, J., Chiang, P.K., Shao, S., Wu, R., Lin, I., 2009. A modular solar engine with solar cell, heat pipe, and heat sink in an integrated package for high concentrating photovoltaic. In: 34th IEEE PVSC, Philadelphia, PA, USA, pp. 166-169.
31. Min C., Nuofu C., Xiaoli Y., Yu W., Yiming B., Xingwang Z. Thermal analysis and test for single concentrator solar cells. J. Semiconduct. 2009, 30.
32. Mudawar I. Assessment of high-heat-flux thermal management schemes. IEEE Trans. Comp. Packag. Technol. 2001, 24:122-141.
33. Natarajan S.K., Mallick T.K., Katz M., Weingaertner S. Numerical investigations of solar cell temperature for photovoltaic concentrator system with and without passive cooling arrangements. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 2011, 50:2514-2521.
34. Nishioka K., Takamoto T., Agui T., Kaneiwa M., Uraoka Y., Fuyuki T. Evaluation of temperature characteristics of high-efficiency InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells under concentration. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2005, 85:429-436.
35. Nishioka K., Takamoto T., Agui T., Kaneiwa M., Uraoka Y., Fuyuki T. Annual output estimation of concentrator photovoltaic systems using high-efficiency InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells based on experimental solar cell's characteristics and field-test meteorological data. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2006, 90:57-67.
36. NREL, 2015. National Center for Photovoltaics. Best research-cell efficiencies chart. <> (accessed 11.03.15). http://www.nrel.gov/ncpv/images/efficiency_chart.jpg.
37. Rabady R.I. Optimized multi-junction photovoltaic solar cells for terrestrial applications. Sol. Energy 2014, 106:72-81.
38. Rodrigo P., Fernández E., Almonacid F., Pérez-Higueras P. Models for the electrical characterization of high concentration photovoltaic cells and modules: a review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2013, 26:752-760.
39. Rodrigo P., Fernández E.F., Almonacid F., Pérez-Higueras P.J. Review of methods for the calculation of cell temperature in high concentration photovoltaic modules for electrical characterization. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2014, 38:478-488.
40. Royne A., Dey C.J. Design of a jet impingement cooling device for densely packed PV cells under high concentration. Sol. Energy 2007, 81:1014-1024.
41. Royne A., Dey C.J., Mills D.R. Cooling of photovoltaic cells under concentrated illumination: a critical review. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2005, 86:451-483.
42. Segev G., Mittelman G., Kribus A. Equivalent circuit models for triple-junction concentrator solar cells. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2012, 98:57-65.
43. Siefer G., Bett A.W. Analysis of temperature coefficients for III-V multi-junction concentrator cells. Prog. Photovoltaics Res. Appl. 2014, 22:515-524.
44. Spectrolab, 2009a. Application Note 0902 - Analytical model for C1MJ and C3MJ CDO-100 Solar Cells and CCAs. Spectrolab, Sylmar, CA.
45. Spectrolab, 2009b. C1MJ Concentrator Solar Cell Assembly Data Sheet (prototype product). <> (accessed 10.06.14). http://www.spectrolab.com/DataSheets/PV/CPV/C1MJ%2009%2018%2009.pdf.
46. Steiner, M., Siefer, G., Bosch, A., Hornung, T., Bett, A.W., 2012. Realistic Power Output Modeling of CPV Modules. In: CPV-8, Toledo, Spain, pp. 309-312.
47. Theristis, M., O'Donovan, T.S., 2014. An integrated thermal electrical model for single cell photovoltaic receivers under concentration. In: 15th International Heat Transfer Conference (IHTC-15), Kyoto, Japan, n/a-n/a.
48. Varshni Y. Temperature dependence of the energy gap in semiconductors. Physica 1967, 34:149-154.
49. Verlinden, P.J., Lewandowski, A., Bingham, C., Kinsey, G.S., Sherif, R.A., Lasich, J.B., 2006. Performance and reliability of multijunction III-V modules for concentrator dish and central receiver applications. In: 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Hawaii, IEEE, pp. 592-597.
50. Wang Y.N., Lin T.T., Leong J.C., Hsu Y.T., Yeh C.P., Lee P.H., Tsai C.H. Numerical investigation of high-concentration photovoltaic module heat dissipation. Renewable Energy 2013, 50:20-26.
51. Yandt, M.D., Wheeldon, J.F., Cook, J., Beal, R., Walker, A.W., Theriault, O., Schriemer, H., Hall, T.J., Hinzer, K., 2012. Estimating cell temperature in a concentrating photovoltaic system. In: CPV-8, Toledo, Spain, pp. 172-175.
52. Ye, Z.B., Li, Q.F., Zhu, Q.Z., Pan, W.G., 2009. The cooling technology of solar cells under concentrated system. In: 6th IEEE IPEMC, Wuhan, China, pp. 1252-1256.
53. Zhu L., Boehm R.F., Wang Y.P., Halford C., Sun Y. Water immersion cooling of PV cells in a high concentration system. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2011, 95:538-545.