Utility of the ovariectomized rat as a model for human osteoporosis in drug discovery

Methods in Molecular Biology

Volumn 455, Issue , 2008, Pages 111-124

  Kharode, Yogendra P ^a   Sharp, Michael C ^a   Bodine, Peter V N ^a  

^a PFIZER INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Bone mineral density; Micro CT; Ovariectomy; Peripheral dual x ray absorptiometry; Peripheral quantitative computed tomography

Indexed keywords

RATTUS;

EID: 84934434922     PISSN: 10643745     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-104-8_8     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Consensus Development Conference. (1993) Diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis. Am J Med 94, 646-650.
2. Heaney, R. P., Recker, R. R., Saville, P. D. (1978) Menopausal changes in bone remodeling. J Lab Clin Med 92, 964-970.
3. Garnero, P., Sornayrendu, E., Chapau, M. C., et al. (1996) Increased bone turnover in late postmenopausal woman is a major determinant of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 11, 337-349.
4. Komm, B. S., Terpening, C. M., Benz, D. J., et al. (1988) Estrogen binding receptor mRNA, and biologic response in osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells. Science 241, 81-84.
5. Ericksen, E. F., Colvard, D. S., Bergn N. J., et al. (1988) Evidence of estrogen receptors in normal human osteoblast-like cells. Science 241, 84-86.
6. Oursler, M., Osdoby, P., Pyfferon, J., et al. (1991) Avian osteoclasts as estrogen target cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88, 6613-6617.
7. Ernst, M., Heath, J. K., Rodan, G. A. (1989) Estradiol effects on proliferation, messanger ribonucleic acid for collagen and insulin-like growth factor-1, and parathyroid hormone-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in osteoblastic cells from calvariae and long bones. Endocrinology 125, 825-833.
8. Yang, N. N., Bryant, H. U., Hardikar, S., et al. (1996) Estrogen and raloxifene stimulate transforming growth factor-beta-3 gene expression in rat bone: a potential mechanism for estrogenor raloxifene-mediated bone maintenance. Endocrinology 137, 2075-2084.
9. Rickard, D. J., Hofbaur, L. C., Bonde, S. K., et al. (1998) Bone morphogenic protein-6-production in human osteoblast-like cell lines: selective regulation by estrogen. J Clin Invest 101, 413-422.
10. Girasolle, G., Jilka, R. L., Passeri, G., et al. (1992) Marrow-derived stromal cells and osteoblasts in vitro: a potential mechanism for the anti-osteoporotic effects of estrogens. J Clin Invest 89, 883-891.
11. Rogers, A., Estell, R. (1998) Effects of estrogen therapy of postmenopausal women on cytokines measured in peripheral blood. J Bone Miner Res 13, 1577-1586.
12. Armour, C. E., Ralston, S. H. (1998) Estrogen upregulates endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase expression in human osteoblast-like cells. Endocrinology 139, 799-802.
13. Arjandi, B. H., Sahil, M. A., Herbert, D. C., et al. (1993) Evidence for estrogen receptorlinked calcium transport in the intestine. Bone Miner 21, 63-74.
14. Heaney, R. P., Recker, R. R., Saville, P. D. (1978) Menopausal changes in calcium balance performance. J Lab Clin Med 92, 953-963.
15. Recker, R. R., Saville, P. D., Heaney, R. P. (1977) Effects of estrogen and calcium carbonate on bone loss in postmenopausal women. Ann Int Med 87, 649-655.
16. Gallagher, J. C., Kable, W. T., Goldgar, D. (1991) Effects of progestin therapy on cortical and trabecular bone: comparison with estrogen. Am J Med 90, 171-178.
17. Vedi, S., Compston, J. E. (1996) The effect of long-term hormone replacement therapy on bone remodeling in postmenopausal women. Bone 19, 535-539.
18. Lindsay, R., Cosman, F. (2006) Effects of estrogen intervention on the skeleton, in (Favus, M. J., ed.), Primer on the Metabolic Bone Disease and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, 5th ed. The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, Washington, DC.
19. Kalu, D. N., Liu, C. C., Salerno, E., et al. (1991) Skeletal response of ovariectomized rats to low and high doses of 17-beta estradiol. Bone Miner 14, 175-187.
20. Plosker, G. L., Goa, K. L. (1994) Clodronate: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in resorptive bone disease. Drugs 47, 945-982.
21. Plum, L. A., Fitzpatrick, L. A., Ma, X., et al. (2006) 2MD, a new anabolic agent for osteoporosis treatment. Osteoporosis Int 17, 704-715.
22. Dempster, D. W., Cosman, F., Parisien, M., et al. (2006) Anabolic actions of parathyroid hormone on bone. Endocr Rev 14, 690-709.
23. Shen, V., Dempster, D. W., Mellish, R. W. E., et al. (1992) Effects of combined and separate intermittent administration of low-dose human parathyroid hormone fragment (1-34) and 17β-estradiol on bone histomorphometry in ovariectomized rats with established osteopenia. Calcif Tiss Int 50, 214-220.
24. Wronski, T. J., Yen, C. F., Scott, K. S. (1991) Estrogen and diphosphonate treatment provide long-term protection against osteopenia in ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Res 6, 387-394.
25. Jee, W. S. S., Yao, W. (2001) Overview: animal models of osteopenia and osteoporosis. J Musculoskel Neuron Interact 1, 193-207.
26. Wronski, T. J., Lowery, P. L., Walsh, C. C., et al. (1985) Skeletal alterations in ovariectomized rats. Calcif Tissue Int 37, 324-328.
27. Wronski, T. J., Walsh, C. C., Ignaszewski, L. A. (1986) Histologic evidence for osteopenia and increased bone turnover in ovariectomized rats. Bone 7, 119-123.
28. Wronski, T. J., Cintron. M., Dann, L. M. (1988) Temporal bone loss and increased bone turnover in ovariectomized rats. Calcif Tissue Int 43, 179-183.
29. Wronski, T. J., Dann, L. M., Scott, K. S., et al. (1989) Long-term effects of ovariectomy and aging on the rat skeleton. Calcif Tissue Int 45, 360-366.
30. Turner, R. T., Vandersteenhoven, J. J., Bell, N. H. (1987) The effects of ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol on cortical bone histomorphometry in growing rats. J Bone Miner Res 2, 115-122.
31. Hayward, M. A., Kharode, Y. P., Becci, M. M., et al. (1990) The effect of conjugated equine estrogen on ovariectomy-induced osteopenia in the rat. Agents Actions 31, 152-156.
32. Kalu, D. N. (1991) The ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal bone loss. Bone Miner 15, 175-192.
33. Gunness-Hey, M., Hock, J. M. (1984) Increased trabecular bone mass in rats treated with human synthetic parathyroid hormone. Metab Bone Dis Rel Res 5, 177-181.
34. Hock, J. M., Fonesca, J., Gunness-Hey, M., et al. (1989) Comparison of the anabolic effects of synthetic parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) 1-34 and PTH 1-34 on bone in rats. Endocrinology 125, 2022-2027.
35. Seedor, J. G., Quartuccio, H. A., Thompson, D. D. (1991) The bisphosphonate alendronate (MK-217) inhibits bone loss due to ovariectomy in rats. J Bone Miner Res 6, 339-346.
36. Muller, K., Wisenberg, I., Jaeggi, K., et al. (1998) Effects of the bisphosphonate Zoledronate on bone loss in the ovariectomized and in the adjuvant arthritic rat. Arzneim-Forsch Drug Res 48, 81-86.
37. Marie, P. J., Hott, M., Modrowski, D., et al. (1993) An uncoupling agent containing strontium prevents bone loss by depressing bone resorption and maintaining bone formation in estrogendeficient rats. J Bone Miner Res 8, 607-615.
38. Black, L. J., Sato, M., Rowley, E. R., et al. (1994) Raloxifene (LY139481 HCl) prevents bone loss and reduces serum cholesterol without causing uterine hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats. J Clin Invest 93, 63-69.
39. Ke, H. Z., Chen, H. K., Simmon, H. A., et al. (1997) Comparative effects of droloxifene, tamoxifen, and estrogen on bone, serum cholesterol, and uterine histology in the ovariectomized rat model. Bone 20, 31-39.
40. Komm, B. S., Kharode, Y. P., Bodine, P. V. N., et al. (2005) Bazedoxifene acetate: a selective estrogen receptor modulator with improved selectivity. Endocrinology 146, 3999-4008.
41. Uchiyama, Y., Higuchi, Y., Takeda, S., et al. (2002) ED-71, a Vitamin D analog, is a more potent inhibitor of bone resorption than alfacalcidol in an estrogen-deficient rat model of osteoporosis. Bone 30, 582-588.
42. Kimmel, D. B., Bozzato, R. P., Kronis, K. A., et al. (1993) The effect of recombinant human (1-84) or synthetic human (1-34) parathyroid hormone on the skeleton of adult osteopenic ovariectomized rats. Endocrinology 132, 1577-1584.
43. Murrills, R. J., Matteo, J. J., Samuel, R. L., et al. (2004) In vitro and in vivo activities of C-terminally truncated PTH peptides reveal a disconnect between cAMP signaling functional activity. Bone 35, 1263-1272.
44. Meng, X. W., Liang, X. G., Birchman, R., et al. (1996) Temporal expression of the anabolic action of PTH in cancellous bone of ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Res 11, 421-429.
45. Ke, H. Z., Jee, W. S. S., Zeng, Q. Q., et al. (1993) Prostaglandin E2 increased rat cortical mass when administered immediately following ovariectomy. Bone Miner 21, 189-201.
46. Guidelines for Preclinical and clinical evaluation of agents used in the prevention or treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. (1994) Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Drug Products: Food and Drug Administration.
47. Kharode, Y. P., Marzolf, J. T., Bodine, P. V. N., et al. (2002) Maintenance of therapeutic effects of hPTH in ovariectomized rats with established osteopenia: evaluation of bazedoxifene, raloxifene and ethinyl estradiol. J Bone Miner Res 17, S209.
48. Kharode, Y. P., Green, P. D., Marzolf, J. T., et al. (2003) Comparison of the effects of bazedoxifene, raloxifene, lasofoxifene, and risedronate co-treatment on hPTH-induced reversal of established osteopenia in ovariectomized rats. J Bone Miner Res 18, S273.
49. Kimmel, D. B., Wronski, T. J. (1990) Nondestructive measurement of bone mineral in femurs from ovariectomized rats. Calcif Tiss Int 46, 101-110.
50. Frost, H. M. (1983) Bone histomorphometry: analysis of trabecular bone dynamics, in (Recker, R. R., ed.), Bone Histomorphometry: Techniques and Interpretations. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
51. Reinhold, E. (2003) Bone-Labeling Techniques in (An, Y. H., Martin, K. L. eds.) Handbook of Histology Methods for Bone and Cartilage. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ.
52. Parfitt, A. M., Drezner, M. K., Glorieux, F. H., et al. (1987) Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units. J Bone Miner Res 2, 595-610.