Preliminary investigation on prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia: Should we tune our focus on healthy adults?

Japan Journal of Nursing Science

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 232-248

  Lee, Cathy Nga Yan ^a   Lam, Simon Ching ^a   Tsang, Alan Yat Kwan ^a   Ng, Bernadette Ting Yan ^a   Leung, Joyce Chung Yin ^a   Chong, Andy Chun Yin ^b  

^a OPEN UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b Freelance Statistician   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Adults; Osteoporosis; Prevalence

Indexed keywords

ADULT; BONE DENSITY; BONE DISEASES, METABOLIC; ECHOGRAPHY; HONG KONG; HUMAN; MIDDLE AGED; OSTEOPOROSIS; PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; PREVALENCE; RADIOGRAPHY;

ABSORPTIOMETRY, PHOTON; ADULT; BONE DENSITY; BONE DISEASES, METABOLIC; HONG KONG; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; OSTEOPOROSIS; PREVALENCE;

EID: 84934294290     PISSN: 17427932     EISSN: 17427924     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12063     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Arslantas, D., Metintas, S., Unsal, A., Isikli, B., Kalyoncu, C. & Arslantas, A. (2008). Prevalence of osteoporosis in middle Anatolian population using calcaneal ultrasonography method. The European Menopause Journal, 59, 234-241.
2. Balaguer, J. R. & Olmos, J. M. (2005). Prevalence of Osteopenia and Osteporosis in Postmenopausal Wemon. Atencion Primaria, 35, 342-347.
3. Barrack, M. T., Rauh, M. T. & Nichols, J. F. (2008). Prevalence of and traits associated with low BMD among female adolescent runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40, 2018-2021.
4. Berger, C., Goltzman, D., Langsetmo, L., Joseph, L., Jackson, S., Kreiger, N. etal. & the CaMos Research Group. (2010). Peak bone mass from longitudinal data: Implications for the prevalence, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 25, 1948-1957.
5. Bohannon, R. W. (2007). Number of pedometer-assessed steps taken per day by adults: A descriptive meta-analysis. Physical Therapy, 87, 1642-1650.
6. Bow, C. H., Tsang, S. W. Y., Loong, C. H. N., Soong, C. S. S., Yeung, S. C. & Kung, A. W. C. (2011). Bone mineral density enhances use of clinical risk factors in predicting ten-year risk of osteoporotic fractures in Chinese men: The Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporosis International, 22, 2799-2807.
7. Broussard, D. L. & Magnus, J. H. (2004). Risk assessment and screening for low bone mineral density in a multi-ethnic population of women and men: Does one approach fit all? Osteoporosis International, 15, 349-360.
8. Burke, P. K., Burke, G. N., Wacker, W. K. & Faulkner, K. G. (2005). Comparison of two heel measurement devices: prediction of spine/Hip T-scores. Journal of Clinical Densitometry, 8, 248-249.
9. Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong. (2013). General household survey - April 2013. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
10. Center for Health Protection. (2005). Tackling obesity: Its causes, the plight and preventive actions. Hong Kong: Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
11. Chan, R. S., Woo, J., Chan, D. C., Cheung, C. S. & Lo, D. H. (2009). Estimated net endogenous acid production and intake of bone health-related nutrients in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63, 505-512.
12. Chan, S. S., Choi, H. J., Kim, M. J., Kim, J. T., Yu, S. H., Koo, B. K. etal. (2010). Prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in Korea: A community-based cohort study with lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density. Journal of Bone, 47, 378-387.
13. Chang, S. F., Yang, R. S., Chung, U. L., Chen, C. M. & Cheng, M. H. (2010). Perception of risk factors and DXA T score among at-risk females of osteoporosis. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, 1795-1802.
14. Cooper, C., Campion, G. & Melton, L. J. (1992). Hip fractures in elderly: A world-wide projection. Osteoporosis International, 2, 285-289.
15. Cui, L. H., Choi, J. S., Shin, M. H., Kweon, S. S., Park, K. S., Lee, Y. H. etal. (2008). Prevalence of osteoporosis and reference data for lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density in a Korean population. Journal of Bone Mineral Metabolism, 26, 609-617.
16. Deng, F. Y., Lei, S. F., Li, M. X., Jiang, C., Dvornyk, V. & Deng, H. W. (2006). Genetic determination and correlation of body mass index and bone mineral density at the spine and hip in Chinese Han ethnicity. Osteoporosis International, 17, 119-124.
17. Díaz, C. M., García, J. J., Carrasco, J. L., Honorato, J., Pérez Cano, R., Rapado, A. & Alvarez Sanz, C. (2001). Prevalencia de osteoporosis determinada por densitometría en la población femenina española [Prevalence of osteoporosis assessed by densitometry in the Spanish female population]. Medicina Clínica, 116, 86-88.
18. Emaus, N., Omsland, T. K., Ahmed, L. A., Grimnes, G., Sneve, M. & Berntsen, G. K. (2009). Bone mineral density at the hip in Norwegian women and men - Prevalence of osteoporosis depends on chosen references: The Tromso Study. European Journal of Epidemiology, 24, 321-328.
19. Ferrari, S., Bianchi, M. L., Eisman, J. A., Foldes, A. J., Adami, S., Wahl, D. A. etal. (2012). Osteoporosis in young adults: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Osteoporosis International, 23, 2735-2748.
20. Freedman, D. S., Thornton, J. C., Pi-Sunyer, F. X., Heymsfield, S. B., Wang, J., Pierson, R. N. etal. (2012). The body adiposity index (hip circumference ÷ height 1.5) is not a more accurate measure of adiposity than is BMI, waist circumference, or hip circumference. Obesity, 20, 2438-2444. doi: 10.1038/oby.2012.81.
21. GE Healthcare. (2006). Lunar Achilles insight, operator manual. Madison, MI: GE Medical Systems Lunar.
22. Haussler, B., Gothe, H., Gol, D., Glaeske, G., Pientka, L. & Felsenberg, D. (2007). Epidemiology, treatment and costs of osteoporosis in Germany - The BoneEVA Study. Osteoporosis International, 18, 77-84.
23. Hien, V. T. T., Khan, N. C., Lam, N. T., Mai, L. B., Le, D. N. T., Nhung, B. T. etal. (2005). Determining the prevalence of osteoporosis and related factors using Quantitative Ultrasound in Vietnamese Adult Women. American Journal of Epidemiology, 161, 824-830.
24. Ho, S. C., Chen, Y. M., Woo, J. L. & Lam, S. S. (2004). High habitual calcium intake attenuates bone loss in early postmenopausal Chinese women: An 18-month follow-up study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 89, 2166-2170.
25. Hui, Y. (2002). Osteoporosis: Should there be a screening programme in Hong Kong? Hong Kong Medical Journal, 8, 270-277.
26. Iki, M., Kagamimori, S., Kagawa, Y., Matsuzaki, T., Yoneshima, H. & Marumo, F. (2001). Bone mineral density of the spine, hip and distal forearm in representative samples of the Japanese female population: Japanese population-based osteoporosis (JPOS) study. Osteoporosis International, 12, 529-537.
27. Inoue, S., Ohya, Y., Takamiya, T., Suijo, K., Kamada, M. & Shimomitsu, T. (2011). Sociodemographic determinants of pedometer-determined physical activity among Japanese adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 40, 566-571.
28. International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). (2002). Invest in your bones: Osteoporosis in the workplace. [Cited 20 Aug 2014.] Available from URL http://www.iofbonehealth.org/sites/default/files/PDFs/WOD%20Reports/workplace:report_2002_english.pdf
29. International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). (2009). The Asian audit epidemiology, costs and burden of osteoporosis in Asia. [Cited 20 Aug 2014.] Available from URL http://www.iofbonehealth.org/sites/default/files/PDFs/Audit%20Asia/Asian_regional_audit_2009.pdf
30. Jaleel, R., Nasrullah, F. D. & Khan, A. (2010). Osteopenia in the younger females. Journal of Surgery Pakistan (International), 15, 29-33.
31. Jin, N. N., Lin, S. Q., Zhang, Y. & Chen, F. L. (2010). Assess the discrimination of Achilles InSight calcaneus quantitative ultrasound device for osteoporosis in Chinese women: Compared with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements. European Journal of Radiology, 26, 265-268.
32. Jockey Club Center for Osteoporosis Care and Control. (2002). Osteoporosis facts-Is osteoporosis a serious problem? Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong.[Cited 20 Aug 2014.] Available from URL http://www.jococ.org/index_en.htm
33. Johnell, O. & Kanis, J. A. (2006). An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporosis International, 17, 1726-1733.
34. Kanis, J. A., Delmas, P., Burckhardt, P., Cooper, C. & Torgerson, D. (1997). Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis, 7, 390-406.
35. Kanis, J. A., Johnell, O., Oden, A., De Laet, C. & Mellstrom, D. (2004). Epidemiology of Osteoporosis and Fracture in Men. Calcified Tissue International, 75, 90-99.
36. Kruger, M. C., Todd, J. M., Schollum, L. M., Kuhn-Sherlock, B., McLean, D. W. & Kim, W. (2013). Bone health comparison in seven Asian countries using calcaneal ultrasound. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 14, 81.
37. Kwok, A. W. L., Gong, J. S., Wang, Y. X. J., Leung, J. C. S., Kwok, T., Griffith, J. F. etal. (2013). Prevalence and risk factors of radiographic vertebral fractures in elderly Chinese men and women: Results of Mr. OS (Hong Kong) and Ms. OS (Hong Kong) studies. Osteoporosis International, 24, 877-885.
38. Lam, M. M. (2006). A review on osteoporosis. The Hong Kong Practitioner, 28, 404-409.
39. Lam, S. C., Lee, L. Y. K., Wong, S. L. & Wong, A. K. P. (2012). Pedometer-determined physical activity and body composition in Chinese working adults. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 4, 205-214.
40. Lau, E. M. C. (1997). Epidemiology of osteoporosis in urbanized Asian populations. Osteoporosis International, 7 (Suppl. 3), S91-S95.
41. Lau, E. M. C. & Cooper, C. (1996). The Epidemiology of Osteoporosis. The Oriental Perspective in a World Context. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 323, 65-74.
42. Liu, J. M., Zhao, H. Y., Ning, G., Chen, Y., Zhang, L. Z., Sun, L. H. etal. (2008). IGF-1 as an early marker for low bone mass or osteoporosis in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Journal of Bone Mineral Metabolism, 26, 159-164.
43. Lynn, H. S., Lau, E. M. C. & Leung, P. C. (2005a). Bone mineral density reference norms for Hong Kong Chinese. Osteoporosis International, 16, 1663-1668.
44. Lynn, H. S., Lau, E. M. C., Wong, S. Y. S. & Hong, A. W. L. (2005b). An osteoporosis screening tool for Chinese men. Osteoporosis International, 16, 829-834.
45. Maggi, S., Noale, M., Giannini, S., Adami, S., Defeo, D., Isaia, G. etal. (2006). Quantitative heel ultrasound in a population-based study in Italy and its relationship with fracture history: The ESOPO study. Osteoporosis International, 17, 237-244.
46. Miura, S., Saavedra, O. L. & Yammamoto, S. (2008). Osteoporosis in urban post-menopausal women of the Philippines: Prevalence and risk factors. Archives of Osteoporosis, 3, 17-24.
47. Morales-Torres, J. & Gutierrez-Urena, S. (2004). The burden of osteoporosis in Latin America. Osteoporosis International, 15, 625-632.
48. Osteoporosis Society of Hong Kong. (2013). 2013 OSHK guideline for clinical management of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Medical Journal, 19 (Suppl. 2), S5-S40.
49. Rhie, Y. J., Lee, K. H., Chung, S. C., Kim, H. S. & Kim, D. H. (2010). Effects of body composition, leptin, and adiponectin on bone mineral density in prepubertal girls. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 25, 1187-1190.
50. Sanfelis-Genoves, J., Reig-Molla, B., Sanfelix-Gimeno, G., Peiro, S., Graells-Ferrer, M., Vega-Martinez, M. etal. (2010). The population-based prevalence of osteoporotic vertebral fracture and densitometric osteoporosis in postmenopausal women over 50 in Valencia, Spain (the FRAVO Study). Bone, 47, 610-616.
51. Suzuki, T. (2001). Risk factors for osteoporosis in Asia. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 19, 133-141.
52. Tanaka, S., Kuroda, M., Saito, M. & Shiraki, M. (2013). Overweight/obesity and underweight are both risk factors for osteoporotic fractures at different sites in Japanese postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis International, 24, 69-76.
53. Tanprasertkul, C., Wattanaruangkowit, P. & Panyakhamlerd, K. (2010). The Combination of Body Mass Index and Age as a New Index for Identifying Osteoporosis in Thai Postmenopausal Women. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 93 (Suppl. 7), S76-S82.
54. Tuzun, S., Eskiyurt, N., Akarirmak, U., Saridogan, M., Senocak, M., Johansson, H. etal., & Turkish Osteoporosis Society. (2012). Incidence of hip fracture and prevalence of osteoporosis in Turkey: The FRACTURK study. Osteoporosis International, 23, 949-955.
55. Vestergaard, P., Rejnmark, L. & Mosekilde, L. (2005). Osteoporosis is markedly underdiagnosed: A nationwide study from Denmark. Osteoporosis International, 16, 134-141.
56. World Health Organization. (1994). WHO Technical Report Series no. 843: Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Geneva: World Health Organization.
57. World Health Organization. (2003). WHO Technical Report Series no. 921: Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis. Geneva: World Health Organization.
58. World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. (2000). The Asia-Pacific perspective: Redefining obesity and its treatment. Sydney: Health Communications Australia Pty Limited.
59. World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. (2002). Obesity in the Pacific: Too big to ignore. Manila: WHO Regional Office and the Government of Australia.
60. Yang, N. P., Deng, C. Y., Chou, Y. J., Chen, P. Q., Lin, C. H., Chou, P. etal. (2006). Estimated prevalence of osteoporosis from a nationwide health insurance database in Taiwan. Health Policy, 75, 329-337.
61. Yim, M. W. (2013). Hong Kong people walked less than 10-thousand step daily Apple Daily, April 14, p. A18.
62. Zhang, M., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Pan, X., Liang, B. & Zhonghou, L. (2012). A study of bone mineral density and prevalence of osteoporosis in Chinese people of Han nationality from Changchun. Archives of Osteoporsis, 7, 31-36.
63. Zhu, Z. Q., Liu, W., Xu, C. L., Han, S. M., Zu, S. Y. & Zhu, G. J. (2008). Reference data for quantitative ultrasound values of calcaneus in 2927 healthy Chinese men. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 26, 165-171.
64. Zillikens, M. C., Uitterlinden, A. G., van Leeuwen, J. P. T. M., Berends, A. L., Henneman, P., van Dijk, K. W. etal. (2010). The role of body mass index, insulin, and adiponectin in the relation between fat distribution and bone mineral density. Calcified Tissue International, 86, 116-125.