메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue NOVEMBER 2012, 2012, Pages

High cognitive reserve is associated with a reduced age related deficit in spatial conflict resolution

Author keywords

Cognitive aging; Cognitive reserve; Conflict; Spatial stroop

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; AGING; ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; COGNITIVE RESERVE; CONFLICT; CONTROLLED STUDY; EDUCATION; FEMALE; HANDEDNESS; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; MALE; NEUROMODULATION; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; RESPONSE TIME; SOCIOECONOMICS; SPATIAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION; WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE;

EID: 84933671495     PISSN: 16625161     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00327     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 0033050233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reading ability, education, and cognitive status assessment among older adults in Harlem, New York City
    • Albert, S.M., and Teresi, J.A. (1999). Reading ability, education, and cognitive status assessment among older adults in Harlem, New York City, American Journal of Public Health, 89, 95-97.
    • (1999) American Journal of Public Health , vol.89 , pp. 95-97
    • Albert, S.M.1    Teresi, J.A.2
  • 2
    • 0031035018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of premorbid function with cerebral metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Implications for the reserve hypothesis
    • Alexander, G.E., Furey, M.L., Grady, C.L., Pietrini, P., Mentis, M.J., and Schapiro, M.B. (1997). Association of premorbid function with cerebral metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Implications for the reserve hypothesis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 165-172.
    • (1997) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 165-172
    • Alexander, G.E.1    Furey, M.L.2    Grady, C.L.3    Pietrini, P.4    Mentis, M.J.5    Schapiro, M.B.6
  • 4
    • 0036859411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theory of cognitive control, aging cognition, and neuromodulation
    • Braver, T. S., and Barch, D. M. (2002). A theory of cognitive control, aging cognition, and neuromodulation. Neuroscience andBiobehavioral Re-views, 26, 809-817.
    • (2002) Neuroscience AndBiobehavioral Re-views , vol.26 , pp. 809-817
    • Braver, T.S.1    Barch, D.M.2
  • 6
    • 2642576670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilingualism, aging and cognitive control: Evidence from the Simon task
    • Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., Klein, R., and Viswanathan, M. (2004). Bilingualism, aging and cognitive control: Evidence from the Simon task. Psychology and Aging, 19, 290-303.
    • (2004) Psychology and Aging , vol.19 , pp. 290-303
    • Bialystok, E.1    Craik, F.I.M.2    Klein, R.3    Viswanathan, M.4
  • 7
    • 34247386781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial attention and response control in healthy younger and older adults and individuals with alzheimer's disease: Evidence for disproportionate selection impairments in the simon task
    • Castel, A. D., Balota, D. A., Hutchison, K. A., Logan, J. M., and Yap, M. J. (2007). Spatial attention and response control in healthy younger and older adults and individuals with alzheimer's disease: evidence for disproportionate selection impairments in the simon task. Neuropsychology, 21, 170-182.
    • (2007) Neuropsychology , vol.21 , pp. 170-182
    • Castel, A.D.1    Balota, D.A.2    Hutchison, K.A.3    Logan, J.M.4    Yap, M.J.5
  • 10
    • 0002404335 scopus 로고
    • The rise and fall of the inhibitory mechanism: Toward a unified theory of cognitive development and aging
    • Dempster, F. N. (1992). The rise and fall of the inhibitory mechanism: Toward a unified theory of cognitive development and aging. Developmental Review, 12, 45-75.
    • (1992) Developmental Review , vol.12 , pp. 45-75
    • Dempster, F.N.1
  • 11
    • 0015874045 scopus 로고
    • The Stroop phenomenon and its use in the study of perceptual, cognitive, and response processes
    • Dyer, F.N. (1973). The Stroop phenomenon and its use in the study of perceptual, cognitive, and response processes. Memory and Cognition, 1, 106-120.
    • (1973) Memory and Cognition , vol.1 , pp. 106-120
    • Dyer, F.N.1
  • 13
    • 78650778120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task context and frontal lobe activation in the Stroop task
    • Floden, D., Vallesi, A., and Stuss, D.T. (2011) Task context and frontal lobe activation in the Stroop task. J Cogn Neurosci, 23(4), 867-879.
    • (2011) J Cogn Neurosci , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 867-879
    • Floden, D.1    Vallesi, A.2    Stuss, D.T.3
  • 14
    • 76349103501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained vs. transient cognitive control: Evidence of a behavioral dissociation
    • Funes, M. J., Lupiáňez, J., and Humphreys, G. (2010). Sustained vs. transient cognitive control: Evidence of a behavioral dissociation. Cognition, 114, 338-347.
    • (2010) Cognition , vol.114 , pp. 338-347
    • Funes, M.J.1    Lupiáňez, J.2    Humphreys, G.3
  • 15
    • 0027085646 scopus 로고
    • Optimizing the use of information: Strategic control of activation of responses
    • Gratton, G., Coles, M. G., and Donchin, E. (1992). Optimizing the use of information: strategic control of activation of responses. J Exp Psychol Gen, 121, 480-506.
    • (1992) J Exp Psychol Gen , vol.121 , pp. 480-506
    • Gratton, G.1    Coles, M.G.2    Donchin, E.3
  • 16
    • 0027667865 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the selective preservation of spatial selective attention in old age
    • Hartley, A.A. (1993). Evidence for the selective preservation of spatial selective attention in old age. Psychology and Aging, 8, 371-379.
    • (1993) Psychology and Aging , vol.8 , pp. 371-379
    • Hartley, A.A.1
  • 17
    • 3042726693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A feature-integration account of sequential effects in the Simon task
    • Hommel, B., Proctor, R.W., and Vu, K.P. (2004). A feature-integration account of sequential effects in the Simon task. Psychol Res, 68(1), 1-17.
    • (2004) Psychol Res , vol.68 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-17
    • Hommel, B.1    Proctor, R.W.2    Vu, K.P.3
  • 18
    • 0014048126 scopus 로고
    • Age differences in fluid and crystallized intelligence
    • Horn, J. L., and Cattell, R. B. (1967). Age differences in fluid and crystallized intelligence. Acta Psychologica, 26, 107-129.
    • (1967) Acta Psychologica , vol.26 , pp. 107-129
    • Horn, J.L.1    Cattell, R.B.2
  • 19
    • 0035915621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathological correlates of late-onset dementia in a multicenter community-based population in England and Wales
    • Ince, P.G. (2001). Pathological correlates of late-onset dementia in a multicenter community-based population in England and Wales. Lancet, 357, 169-175.
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 169-175
    • Ince, P.G.1
  • 21
    • 38149037158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive interference and aging: Insights from a spatial stimulus-response consistency task
    • Juncos-Rabadán, O., Pereiro, A. X., and Facal, D. (2008). Cognitive interference and aging: Insights from a spatial stimulus-response consistency task. Acta Psychologica, 127, 237-246.
    • (2008) Acta Psychologica , vol.127 , pp. 237-246
    • Juncos-Rabadán, O.1    Pereiro, A.X.2    Facal, D.3
  • 23
    • 1142286344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anterior cingulate conflict monitoring and adjustments in control
    • Kerns, J.G., Cohen, J.D., MacDonald, A.W., Cho, R.Y., Stenger, V.A., and Carter, C.S. (2004). Anterior cingulate conflict monitoring and adjustments in control. Science, 303(5660), 1023-1026.
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , Issue.5660 , pp. 1023-1026
    • Kerns, J.G.1    Cohen, J.D.2    Macdonald, A.W.3    Cho, R.Y.4    Stenger, V.A.5    Carter, C.S.6
  • 24
    • 33745666857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential modulations of stimulus-response correspondence effects depend on awareness of response conflict
    • Kunde, W., and Wühr, P. (2006). Sequential modulations of stimulus-response correspondence effects depend on awareness of response conflict. Memory and Cognition, 34 (2), 356-367.
    • (2006) Memory and Cognition , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 356-367
    • Kunde, W.1    Wühr, P.2
  • 25
    • 0028558944 scopus 로고
    • Adult age differences in repetition priming: A meta-analysis
    • La Voie, D., and Light, L. L. (1994). Adult age differences in repetition priming: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 9, 539-553.
    • (1994) Psychology and Aging , vol.9 , pp. 539-553
    • la Voie, D.1    Light, L.L.2
  • 26
    • 0001600455 scopus 로고
    • The influence of irrelevant location information on performance: A review of the Simon and spatial Stroop effects
    • Lu, C. H., and Proctor, R. W. (1995). The influence of irrelevant location information on performance: A review of the Simon and spatial Stroop effects. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 2, 174-207.
    • (1995) Psychonomic Bulletin and Review , vol.2 , pp. 174-207
    • Lu, C.H.1    Proctor, R.W.2
  • 27
    • 0036903333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age, executive function, and social decision making: A dorsolateral prefrontal theory of cognitive
    • MacPherson, S. E., Phillips, L. H., and Della Sala, S. (2002). Age, executive function, and social decision making: A dorsolateral prefrontal theory of cognitive aging. Psychology and Aging, 17, 598-609.
    • (2002) Aging. Psychology and Aging , vol.17 , pp. 598-609
    • Macpherson, S.E.1    Phillips, L.H.2    della Sala, S.3
  • 28
    • 0026132381 scopus 로고
    • Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review
    • MacLeod, C.M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 163-203.
    • (1991) Psychological Bulletin , vol.109 , pp. 163-203
    • Macleod, C.M.1
  • 29
    • 0037677331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Literacy and memory decline among ethnically diverse elders. Journal of Clinical and Experimental
    • Manly, J. J., Touradji, P., Tang, M.-X., and Stern, Y. (2003). Literacy and memory decline among ethnically diverse elders. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 5, 680-690.
    • (2003) Neuropsychology , vol.5 , pp. 680-690
    • Manly, J.J.1    Touradji, P.2    Tang, M.-X.3    Stern, Y.4
  • 30
    • 36049010606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mnemonic function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in conflict-induced behavioral adjustment
    • Mansouri, F.A., Buckley M.J., and Tanaka K. (2007). Mnemonic function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in conflict-induced behavioral adjustment. Science, 318 (5852), 987-990.
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , Issue.5852 , pp. 987-990
    • Mansouri, F.A.1    Buckley, M.J.2    Tanaka, K.3
  • 31
    • 84857048778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroop interference and negative priming (NP) suppression in normal aging
    • (in press), DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2010.12.012
    • Mayas, J., Fuentes, L.J., and Ballesteros, S. (in press). Stroop interference and negative priming (NP) suppression in normal aging. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2010.12.012
    • Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
    • Mayas, J.1    Fuentes, L.J.2    Ballesteros, S.3
  • 32
    • 0037408390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict adaptation effects in the absence of executive control
    • Mayr, U., Awh, E., and Laurey, P. (2003). Conflict adaptation effects in the absence of executive control. NatNeurosci, 6, 450-452.
    • (2003) NatNeurosci , vol.6 , pp. 450-452
    • Mayr, U.1    Awh, E.2    Laurey, P.3
  • 33
    • 0025876122 scopus 로고
    • Aging, inhibitory processes and negative priming
    • McDowd, J.M., and Oseas-Kreger, D.M. (1991) Aging, inhibitory processes and negative priming. JGerontology, 46, 340-345.
    • (1991) JGerontology , vol.46 , pp. 340-345
    • McDowd, J.M.1    Oseas-Kreger, D.M.2
  • 34
    • 84864089132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observation: Three reasons to avoid having half of the trials be congruent in a four-alternative forced-choice experiment on sequential modulation
    • (in press)., DOI: 10.3758/s13423-012-0257-3
    • Mordkoff, T.J. (in press). Observation: three reasons to avoid having half of the trials be congruent in a four-alternative forced-choice experiment on sequential modulation. Psychonomic bulletin and review. DOI: 10.3758/s13423-012-0257-3
    • Psychonomic Bulletin and Review
    • Mordkoff, T.J.1
  • 35
    • 0028854789 scopus 로고
    • Education and occupation as risk factors for dementia of the Alzheimer and ischemic vascular types
    • Mortel, K.F., Meyer, J.S., Herod B., and Thornby, J. (1995). Education and occupation as risk factors for dementia of the Alzheimer and ischemic vascular types. Dementia, 6, 55-62.
    • (1995) Dementia , vol.6 , pp. 55-62
    • Mortel, K.F.1    Meyer, J.S.2    Herod, B.3    Thornby, J.4
  • 36
    • 0000624167 scopus 로고
    • The neuropsychology of memory and aging
    • F.I.M. Craik and T.A. Salthouse (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
    • Moscovitch, M. and Winocur, G. (1992). The neuropsychology of memory and aging. In F.I.M. Craik and T.A. Salthouse (Eds.), The handbook of aging and cognition (315-372). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • (1992) The Handbook of Aging and Cognition , pp. 315-372
    • Moscovitch, M.1    Winocur, G.2
  • 37
    • 33846028749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accounting for sequential trial effects in the flanker task: Conflict adaptation or associative priming?
    • Nieuwenhuis, S., Stins, J. F., Posthuma, D., Polderman T. J. C., Boomsma, D. I., and de Geus, E. J. (2006). Accounting for sequential trial effects in the flanker task: Conflict adaptation or associative priming? Memory and Cognition, 34(6), 1260-1272.
    • (2006) Memory and Cognition , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 1260-1272
    • Nieuwenhuis, S.1    Stins, J.F.2    Posthuma, D.3    Polderman, T.J.C.4    Boomsma, D.I.5    de Geus, E.J.6
  • 39
    • 33748803344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Top-down and bottom-up sequential modulations of congruency effects
    • Notebaert, W., Gevers, W., Verbruggen, F., and Liefooghe, B. (2006). Top-down and bottom-up sequential modulations of congruency effects. Psychon Bull Rev, 13(1), 112-117.
    • (2006) Psychon Bull Rev , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 112-117
    • Notebaert, W.1    Gevers, W.2    Verbruggen, F.3    Liefooghe, B.4
  • 40
    • 36048948268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociating conflict adaptation from feature integration: A multiple regression approach
    • Notebaert, W., and Verguts, T. (2007). Dissociating conflict adaptation from feature integration: a multiple regression approach. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 33(5), 1256-1260.
    • (2007) J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 1256-1260
    • Notebaert, W.1    Verguts, T.2
  • 41
    • 84870194673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Cognitive Reserve questionnaire (CRIq): A new instrument for measuring the cognitive reserve
    • (in press)
    • Nucci, M., Mondini, S., and Mapelli, D. (2011). The Cognitive Reserve questionnaire (CRIq): a new instrument for measuring the cognitive reserve. Aging Clin Exp Res. (in press).
    • (2011) Aging Clin Exp Res
    • Nucci, M.1    Mondini, S.2    Mapelli, D.3
  • 43
    • 0015021890 scopus 로고
    • The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory
    • Oldfield, R.C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9, 97-113.
    • (1971) Neuropsychologia , vol.9 , pp. 97-113
    • Oldfield, R.C.1
  • 45
    • 16844379822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The enhanced Simon effect for older adults is reduced when the irrelevant location information is conveyed by an accessory stimulus
    • Proctor, R. W., Pick, D. F., Vu, K.P. L., and Anderson, R. (2005). The enhanced Simon effect for older adults is reduced when the irrelevant location information is conveyed by an accessory stimulus. ActaPsychologica, 119, 21-40.
    • (2005) ActaPsychologica , vol.119 , pp. 21-40
    • Proctor, R.W.1    Pick, D.F.2    Vu, K.P.L.3    Anderson, R.4
  • 46
    • 84865662001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential congruency effects: Disentangling priming and conflict adaptation
    • Puccioni, O., and Vallesi, A. (2012). Sequential congruency effects: disentangling priming and conflict adaptation. Psychological Research, 5, 591-600.
    • (2012) Psychological Research , vol.5 , pp. 591-600
    • Puccioni, O.1    Vallesi, A.2
  • 47
    • 84874469930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict resolution and adaptation in normal aging: The role of verbal intelligence and cognitive reserve
    • (in press), DOI: 10.1037/a0029106
    • Puccioni, O., and Vallesi, A. (in press). Conflict resolution and adaptation in normal aging: the role of verbal intelligence and cognitive reserve. Psychology and Aging. DOI: 10.1037/a0029106
    • Psychology and Aging
    • Puccioni, O.1    Vallesi, A.2
  • 48
    • 85004907565 scopus 로고
    • How old and young subjects monitor and control responses for accuracy and speed
    • Rabbitt, P.M.A. (1979). How old and young subjects monitor and control responses for accuracy and speed. British Journal of Psychology, 70, 305-311.
    • (1979) British Journal of Psychology , vol.70 , pp. 305-311
    • Rabbitt, P.M.A.1
  • 49
    • 0036224457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's neurofibrillary pathology and the spectrum of cognitive function: Findings from the Nun Study
    • Riley, K.P., Snowdon, D.A., and Markesbery, W.R. (2002). Alzheimer's neurofibrillary pathology and the spectrum of cognitive function: findings from the Nun Study. Ann. Neurol., 51, 567-577.
    • (2002) Ann. Neurol , vol.51 , pp. 567-577
    • Riley, K.P.1    Snowdon, D.A.2    Markesbery, W.R.3
  • 50
    • 0025273369 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and other dementing disorders: A door-to-door survey in Appignano, Macerata Province, Italy
    • Rocca, W.A., Bonaiuto, S., Lippi, A., Luciani, P., Turtu, F., and Cavarzeran, F., (1990). Prevalence of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease and other dementing disorders: A door-to-door survey in Appignano, Macerata Province, Italy, Neurology, 40, 626-631.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 626-631
    • Rocca, W.A.1    Bonaiuto, S.2    Lippi, A.3    Luciani, P.4    Turtu, F.5    Cavarzeran, F.6
  • 52
    • 0030194684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition
    • Salthouse, T.A. (1996). The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review, 103, 403-428.
    • (1996) Psychological Review , vol.103 , pp. 403-428
    • Salthouse, T.A.1
  • 53
    • 58149206091 scopus 로고
    • Decomposing adult age differences in working memory
    • Salthouse, T.A., and Babcock, R.L. (1991). Decomposing adult age differences in working memory. Developmental Psychology, 27, 763-776.
    • (1991) Developmental Psychology , vol.27 , pp. 763-776
    • Salthouse, T.A.1    Babcock, R.L.2
  • 54
    • 0037335036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What needs to be explained to account for the age-related effects on multiple cognitive variables?
    • Salthouse, T.A., and Ferrer-Caja, E., (2003). What needs to be explained to account for the age-related effects on multiple cognitive variables? Psychology of Aging, 18, 91-110.
    • (2003) Psychology of Aging , vol.18 , pp. 91-110
    • Salthouse, T.A.1    Ferrer-Caja, E.2
  • 55
    • 0035956486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of leisure activity on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease
    • Scarmeas, N., Levy, G., Tang, M.X., Manly, J., and Stern, Y. (2001). Influence of leisure activity on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 57, 2236-2242.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 2236-2242
    • Scarmeas, N.1    Levy, G.2    Tang, M.X.3    Manly, J.4    Stern, Y.5
  • 57
    • 0036218635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept
    • Stern, Y. (2002). What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8, 448-460.
    • (2002) Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , vol.8 , pp. 448-460
    • Stern, Y.1
  • 58
    • 67349266609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive Reserve
    • Stern, Y. (2009). Cognitive Reserve. Neuropsychologia, 47, 2015-2028.
    • (2009) Neuropsychologia , vol.47 , pp. 2015-2028
    • Stern, Y.1
  • 59
    • 0028835739 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between lifetime occupation and parietal flow: Implications for a reserve against Alzheimer's disease pathology
    • Stern, Y., Alexander, G.E., Prohovnik, I., Stricks, L., Link, B., and Lennon, M C. (1995). Relationship between lifetime occupation and parietal flow: implications for a reserve against Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neurology, 45, 55-60.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 55-60
    • Stern, Y.1    Alexander, G.E.2    Prohovnik, I.3    Stricks, L.4    Link, B.5    Lennon, M.C.6
  • 61
    • 0029001352 scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of mortality in Alzheimer's disease patients with more advanced educational and occupational attainment
    • Stern, Y., Tang, M.X., Denaro, J., and Mayeux, R. (1995). Increased risk of mortality in Alzheimer's disease patients with more advanced educational and occupational attainment. Annals of Neurology, 37, 590-595.
    • (1995) Annals of Neurology , vol.37 , pp. 590-595
    • Stern, Y.1    Tang, M.X.2    Denaro, J.3    Mayeux, R.4
  • 62
    • 0032796298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate of memory decline in AD is related to education and occupation: Cognitive reserve?
    • Stern, Y., Albert, S., Tang, M.X., and Tsai, W.Y. (1999). Rate of memory decline in AD is related to education and occupation: cognitive reserve? Neurology, 53, 1942-1947.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 1942-1947
    • Stern, Y.1    Albert, S.2    Tang, M.X.3    Tsai, W.Y.4
  • 63
    • 85047669723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control over location-based response activation in the Simon task: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence
    • Strümer, B., Leuthold, H., Soetens, E., Schroter, H., and Sommer, W. (2002). Control over location-based response activation in the Simon task: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 28(6), 1345-1363.
    • (2002) J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 1345-1363
    • Strümer, B.1    Leuthold, H.2    Soetens, E.3    Schroter, H.4    Sommer, W.5
  • 65
    • 40349101841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and flexible thinking: An experimental demonstration of the beneficial effects of increased cognitively stimulating activity on fluid intelligence in healthy older adults
    • Tranter, L.J., and Koutstaal, W. (2008). Age and flexible thinking: an experimental demonstration of the beneficial effects of increased cognitively stimulating activity on fluid intelligence in healthy older adults. Aging, neuropsychology, and cognition, 15, 184-207.
    • (2008) Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition , vol.15 , pp. 184-207
    • Tranter, L.J.1    Koutstaal, W.2
  • 66
    • 59349102167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain reserve and dementia: A systematicreview
    • Valenzuela, M.J., and Sachdev, P. (2006) Brain reserve and dementia: a systematicreview. Psychological Medicine, 35, 1-14.
    • (2006) Psychological Medicine , vol.35 , pp. 1-14
    • Valenzuela, M.J.1    Sachdev, P.2
  • 67
    • 78650519369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targets and non-targets in the aging brain: A go/nogo Event-related Potential study
    • Vallesi, A. (2011). Targets and non-targets in the aging brain: a go/nogo Event-related Potential study. Neuroscience Letters, 487(3), 313-317.
    • (2011) Neuroscience Letters , vol.487 , Issue.3 , pp. 313-317
    • Vallesi, A.1
  • 68
    • 70449448214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decay of stimulus spatial code in horizontal and vertical Simon tasks
    • Vallesi, A., and Umiltà, C.A. (2009). Decay of stimulus spatial code in horizontal and vertical Simon tasks. Journal of General Psychology, 136(4), 1-24.
    • (2009) Journal of General Psychology , vol.136 , Issue.4 , pp. 1-24
    • Vallesi, A.1    Umiltà, C.A.2
  • 70
    • 84928853095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and varieties of cognitive control: A review of meta-analyses on resistance to interference, coordination and task switching, and an experimental exploration of age-sensitivity in the newly identified process of focus switching
    • Engle RW, Sedek G, von Hecker U, McIntosh DM, editors, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • Verhaeghen, P., Cerella, J., Bopp, K.L., and Basak, C. (2005). Aging and varieties of cognitive control: A review of meta-analyses on resistance to interference, coordination and task switching, and an experimental exploration of age-sensitivity in the newly identified process of focus switching. In: Engle RW, Sedek G, von Hecker U, McIntosh DM, editors. Cognitive Limitations in Aging and Psychopathology: Attention, Working Memory, and Executive Functions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2005. Pp. 163-164.
    • (2005) Cognitive Limitations In Aging and Psychopathology: Attention, Working Memory, and Executive Functions , pp. 163-164
    • Verhaeghen, P.1    Cerella, J.2    Bopp, K.L.3    Basak, C.4
  • 72
    • 0141687342 scopus 로고
    • New York: Psychological Corporation
    • Wechsler, D. (1981). WAIS-R: Manual. New York: Psychological Corporation.
    • (1981) WAIS-R: Manual
    • Wechsler, D.1
  • 73
    • 0034011415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related decline in inhibitory control contributes to the increased Stroop effect observed in older adults
    • West, R., and Alain, C. (2000). Age-related decline in inhibitory control contributes to the increased Stroop effect observed in older adults. Psychophysiology, 37, 179-189.
    • (2000) Psychophysiology , vol.37 , pp. 179-189
    • West, R.1    Alain, C.2
  • 74
    • 0030786892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroop color-word interference and electroencephalogram activation: Evidence for age-related decline in the anterior attention system
    • West, R. and Bell, M.A. (1997). Stroop color-word interference and electroencephalogram activation: Evidence for age-related decline in the anterior attention system. Neuropsychology, 11, 421-427.
    • (1997) Neuropsychology , vol.11 , pp. 421-427
    • West, R.1    Bell, M.A.2
  • 75
    • 21644439627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adjustments of cognitive control in younger and older adults
    • West, R., and Moore, K. (2005). Adjustments of cognitive control in younger and older adults. Cortex, 41(4), 570-581.
    • (2005) Cortex , vol.41 , Issue.4 , pp. 570-581
    • West, R.1    Moore, K.2
  • 76
    • 0030239808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging
    • West, R.L. (1996). An application of prefrontal cortex function theory to cognitive aging. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 272-292.
    • (1996) Psychological Bulletin , vol.120 , pp. 272-292
    • West, R.L.1
  • 78
    • 23744434138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for gating of direct response activation in the Simon task
    • Wühr, P. (2005). Evidence for gating of direct response activation in the Simon task. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 12, 282-288.
    • (2005) Psychonomic Bulletin and Review , vol.12 , pp. 282-288
    • Wühr, P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.