Epidemiology of the association between bacterial infections and cancer

Bacteria and Cancer

Volumn 9789400725850, Issue , 2012, Pages 1-24

  Caygill, Christine P J ^a   Gatenby, Piers A C ^a  

^a ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bacteria; Bacterial infections; Bladder; Cancer; Cancer prevention; Colon; Epidemiology; Esophagus; Gallbladder; Infection; Lung; Pancreas; Rectum; Review; Stomach

Indexed keywords

EID: 84931389980     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2585-0_1     Document Type: Chapter

References (168)

1. Allum WH, Griffin SM, Watson A et al (2002) Guidelines for the management of oesophageal and gastric cancer. Gut 50(Suppl V):v1-v23
2. Anand BS, Graham DY (1999) Ulcer and gastritis. Endoscopy 31(2):215-225
3. Anderson LA, Murphy SJ, Johnston BT et al (2008) Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric atrophy and the stages of oesophageal inflammation, metaplasia, adenocarcinoma sequence: results from the FINBAR case-control study. Gut 57(6):734-739
4. Aoki K (1993) Excess incidence of lung cancer among primary tuberculosis cases. Jpn J Clin Oncol 23(4):205-220
5. Arnthorsson G, Tulinuis H, Egilsson V et al (1988) Gastric cancer after gastrectomy. Int J Cancer 42:365-367
6. Atherton JC (2006) The pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastro-duodenal diseases. Annu Rev Pathol 1:63-96
7. Banatvala N, Mayo K, Megraud F et al (1993) The cohort effect and Helicobacter pylori. J Infect Dis 168(1):219-221
8. Barbosa AJ, Queiroz DM, Nogueira AM et al (1993) Chronic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori in digestive form of Chaga's disease. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 35(2):117-121
9. Bedwani R, Renganathan E, El-Kwhsky F et al (1998) Schistosomiasis and the risk of bladder cancer in Alexandria, Egypt. Br J Cancer 77(7):1186-1189
10. Biarc J, Nguyen IS, Pini A et al (2004) Carcinogenic properties of proteins with pro-inflammatory activity from Streptococcus infantarius (formally S. bovis). Carcinogenesis 25(8):1477-1484
11. Blackburn E, Callender S, Dacie JV et al (1968) Possible association between pernicious anaemia and leukaemia: a prospective study of 1, 625 patients with a note on very high incidence of stomach cancer. Int J Cancer 3(1):163-170
12. Blaser MJ (2008) Disappearing microbiota: Helicobacter pylori protection against esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 1(5):308-311
13. Bosch A, Frias Z, Caldwell WL (1979) Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Cancer 43(4):1557-1561
14. Brinton LA, Gridley G, Hrubec Z et al (1989) Cancer risk following pernicious anaemia. Br J Cancer 59(5):810-813
15. Caygill C, Hill M (2005) Bacteria and cancer. In: Lax A (ed) Advances in molecular and cellular pathology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 211
16. Caygill C, Hill M, Craven J et al (1984) Relevance of achlorhydria to human carcinogenesis. In: O'Neill I, Van Borstel R, Miller C et al (eds) N-nitroso compounds: occurrence, biological effects and relevance to human cancer. IARC Sci Pub, Lyon, pp 895-900
17. Caygill CP, Kirkham JS, Hill M et al (1986) Mortality from gastric cancer following gastric surgery for peptic ulcer. Lancet 327(8487):929-931
18. Caygill CP, Hill MJ, Hall CN et al (1987) Increased risk of cancer at multiple sites after gastric surgery for peptic ulcer. Gut 28(8):924-928
19. Caygill C, Hill M, Kirkham J et al (1988) Increased risk of biliary tract cancer following gastric surgery. Br J Cancer 57(4):434-436
20. Caygill CP, Knowles RL, Hill MJ (1990) The relationship between pernicious anaemia and gastric cancer. Dtsch Zeit Fur Onkologie 22:120-122
21. Caygill CP, Knowles RL, Hall R (1991) Increased risk of cancer mortality after vagotomy for peptic ulcer: a preliminary analysis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1(1):35-37
22. Caygill CP, Hill MJ, Braddick M et al (1994) Cancer mortality in chronic typhoid and paratyphoid carriers. Lancet 343(8889):83-84
23. Caygill CP, Braddick M, Hill MJ et al (1995) The association between typhoid carriage, typhoid infection and subsequent cancer at a number of sites. Eur J Cancer Prev 4(2):187-193
24. Chalasani N, Wo JM, Waring JP (1998) Racial differences in the histology, location and risk factors of esophageal cancer. J Clin Gastroenterol 26(1):11-13
25. Chaturvedi AK, Gaydos CA, Agreda P et al (2010) Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and risk for lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 19(6):1498-1505
26. Corley DA, Kubo A, Levin TR et al (2008) Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of Barrett's oesophagus: a community-based study. Gut 57(6):727-733
27. Correa P (1988) Precancerous lesions of the stomach phenotypic changes and their determinants. In: Reed P, Hill M (eds) Gastric carcinogenesis. Exerpta Medica, Amsterdam/New York/Oxford, pp 127-136
28. Correa P, Haenszel W, Cuello C et al (1975) Model for gastric cancer epidemiology. Lancet 2(7924):58-60
29. Curado MP, Edwards B, Shin HR et al (2007) Cancer incidence in five continents, vol IX. IARC Sci Pub, Lyon
30. Daly JM, Karnell LH, Menck HR (1996) National cancer database report on esophageal carcinoma. Cancer 78(8):1820-1828
31. De Martel C, Llosa AE, Friedman GD et al (2008) Helicobacter pylori infection and development of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17(5):1188-1194
32. De Rezende JM, Rosa H, Vaz Mda G et al (1985) Endoscopy in megaesophagus. Prospective study of 600 cases. Arq Gastroenterol 22(2):53-62
33. De Vries AC, Kuipers EJ (2007) Review article: Helicobacter pylori eradication for the prevention of gastric cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 26(Suppl 2):25-35
34. Del Valle L, White MK, Ename S et al (2005) Detection of JC virus DNA sequences and expression of viral T antigen and agnoprotein in esophageal carcinoma. Cancer 103(3):516-527
35. Derakhshan MH, Malekzadeh R, Watabe H et al (2008) Combination of gastric atrophy, reflux symptoms and histological subtype indicates two distinct aetiologies of gastric cardia cancer. Gut 57(3):298-305
36. Devesa SS, Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF (1998) Changing patterns in the incidence of esophageal and gastric carcinoma in the United States. Cancer 83(10):2049-2053
37. Devor E (1982) Ethnogeographic patterns in gallbladder cancer. In: Correa P, Haenszel W (eds) Epidemiology of cancer of the digestive tract. Martinus Nijhof, The Hague, pp 197-225
38. Ece F, Hatabay NF, Erdal N et al (2005) Does Helicobacter pylori infection play a role in lung cancer? Respir Med 99(10):1258-1262
39. Eide TJ, Viste A, Andersen A et al (1991) The risk of cancer at all sites following gastric operation for benign disease: a cohort of 4, 224 patients. Int J Cancer 48(3):333-339
40. El-Mawla NG, El-Bolkainy MN, Khaled HM (2001) Bladder cancer in Africa: update. Semin Oncol 28(2):174-178
41. El-Omar EM, Oien K, Murray LS et al (2000) Increased prevalence of precancerous changes in relatives of gastric cancer patients: critical role of H. pylori. Gastroenterology 118(1):22-30
42. England DM, Rosenblatt JE (1977) Anaerobes in human biliary tracts. J Clin Microbiol 6(5):494-498
43. Eslick GD (2010) Infectious causes of esophageal cancer. Infect Dis Clin North Am 24(4):845-852
44. Eslick GD, Talley NJ (1998) Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 114:2871
45. Eslick GD, Lim LL, Byles JE et al (1999) Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with gastric carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 94(9):2373-2379
46. Forman D, Newell DG, Fullerton F et al (1991) Association between infection with Helicobacter pylori and risk of gastric cancer: evidence from a prospective investigation. Br Med J 302(6788):1302-1305
47. Forman D, Debacker G, Elder J et al (1993) Epidemiology of and risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection among 3194 asymptomatic subjects in 17 populations. The EUROGAST study group. Gut 34(12):1672-1676
48. Forman D, Webb P, Parsonnet J (1994) H. pylori and gastric cancer. Lancet 343(8891):243-244
49. Fry L, Monkemuller K, Malfertheiner P (2007) Prevention of gastric cancer: a challenging but feasible task. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 37(2):110-117
50. Garcia SB, Aranha AL, Garcia FR et al (2003) A retrospective study of histopathological findings in 894 cases of megacolon: what is the relationship between megacolon and colonic cancer? Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 45(2):91-93
51. Gatenby PA, Bann SD (2009) Antireflux surgery. Minerva Chir 64(2):169-181
52. Gatenby PA, Caygill CP, Ramus JR et al (2008) Barrett's columnar-lined oesophagus: demographic and lifestyle associations and adenocarcinoma risk. Dig Dis Sci 53(5):1175-1185
53. Gatenby PAC, Hainsworth AJ, Caygill CPJ et al (2011) Projections for oesophageal cancer incidence in England to 2033. Eur J Cancer Prev 20(4):283-286
54. Gelfand GA, Finley RJ, Nelems B (1992) Transhiatal esophagectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia. Arch Surg 127(10):1164-1167
55. Gocyk W, Niklinski T, Olechnowicz H et al (2000) Helicobacter pylori, gastrin and cyclooxygenase-2 in lung cancer. Med Sci Monit 6(6):1085-1092
56. Gold JS, Bayer S, Salem RR (2004) Association of Streptococcus bovis bacteremia with colonic neoplasia and extracolonic malignancy. Arch Surg 139(7):760-765
57. Hansen S, Wiig J, Giercksky KE et al (1997) Esophageal and gastric carcinoma in Norway 1958-1992: incidence time trend variability according to morphological subtypes and organ subsites. Int J Cancer 71(3):340-344
58. Hicks RM, Walters CL, Elsebai I et al (1977) Demonstration of nitrosamines in human urine: preliminary observations on a possible etiology for bladder cancer in association with chronic urinary tract infection. Proc R Soc Med 70(6):413-417
59. Higginson J (1968) The theoretical possibilities of cancer prevention in man. Proc R Soc Med 61(7):723-726
60. Hill MJ (1986) Microbes and human carcinogenesis. Hodder Arnold, London
61. Hill MJ (1991) Bile acids and colorectal cancer: hypothesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1(Suppl 2):69-74
62. Hill MJ (1996) Endogenous N-nitrosation. Eur J Cancer Prev 5(Suppl 1):47-50
63. Hill MJ, Morson BC, Bussey HJ (1978) Etiology of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the large bowel. Lancet 1(8058):245-247
64. Hill MJ, Davies GJ, Giacosa A (2001) Should we change our dietary advice on cancer prevention? Eur J Cancer Prev 10(1):1-6
65. Huang JQ, Sridhar S, Chen Y et al (1998) Meta-analysis of the relationship between Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and gastric cancer. Gastroenterology 114(6):1169-1179
66. Hussein NR (2010) Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer in the Middle East: a new enigma? World J Gastroenterol 16(26):3226-3234
67. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (1994) Schistosomes, liver flukes and Helicobacter pylori. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 61:1-241
68. Inokuchi K, Tokudome S, Ikeda M et al (1984) Mortality from carcinoma after partial gastrectomy. Gann 75(7):588-594
69. Islami F, Kamangar F (2008) Helicobacter pylori and esophageal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 1(5):329-338
70. Johnston BJ, Reed PI (1991) Changing pattern of oesophageal cancer in a general hospital in the UK. Eur J Cancer Prev 1(1):23-25
71. Kanbay M, Kanbay A, Boyacioglu S (2007) Helicobacter pylori infection as a possible risk factor for respiratory system disease: a review of the literature. Respir Med 101(2):203-209
72. Kim WJ, Lee HL, Lee SC et al (2000) Polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase 2, glutathione S-transferase mu and theta genes as risk factors of bladder cancer in relation to asthma and tuberculosis. J Urol 164(1):209-213
73. Kim NH, Park JP, Jeon SH et al (2002) Purulent pericarditis caused by group G streptococcus as an initial presentation of colon cancer. J Korean Med Sci 17(4):571-573
74. Kobayashi T, Harada K, Miwa K et al (2005) Helicobacter genus DNA fragments are commonly detectable in bile from patients with extrahepatic biliary diseases and associated with their pathogenesis. Dig Dis Sci 50(5):862-867
75. Kocazeybek B (2003) Chronic Chlamydia pneumonia e infection in lung cancer, a risk factor: casecontrol study. J Med Microbiol 52(Pt 8):721-726
76. Kocher HM, Linklater K, Patel S et al (2001) Epidemiological study of oesophageal and gastric cancer in south-east England. Br J Surg 88(9):1249-1257
77. Labenz J, Blum AL, Bayerdorffer E et al (1997) Curing Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with duodenal ulcer may provoke reflux oesophagitis. Gastroenterology 112(5):1442-1447
78. Lagergren J, Bergstrom R, Lindgren A et al (1999) Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med 340(11):825-831
79. Laurila AL, Anttila T, Läärä E et al (1997) Serological evidence of an association between Chlamydia pneumonia infection and lung disease. Int J Cancer 74(1):31-34
80. Lazcano-Ponce EC, Miquel JF, Munoz N et al (2001) Epidemiology and molecular pathology of gallbladder cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 51(6):349-364
81. Leong RW, Sung JJ (2002) Review article: Helicobacter species and hepatobiliary diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 16(6):1037-1045
82. Liabeuf A, Faivre J (1997) Time trends in oesophageal cancer incidence in Cote d'Or (France), 1976-93. Eur J Cancer Prev 6(1):24-30
83. Lin JT, Wang LY, Wang JT et al (1995) A nested case-control study on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer risk in a cohort of 9, 775 men in Taiwan. Anticancer Res 15(2):603-606
84. Lindkvist B, Johansen D, Borgstrom A et al (2008) A prospective study of Helicobacter pylori in relation to the risk for pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer 8:321
85. Littman AJ, White E, Jackson LA et al (2004) Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and risk of lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13(10):1624-1630
86. Littman AJ, Jackson LA, Vaughan TL (2005) Chlamydia pneumoniae and lung cancer: epidemiological evidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:773-778
87. Lowenfels AB, Maisonneuve P (2006) Epidemiology and risk factors for pancreatic cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 20(2):179-209
88. Lundegardh G, Adami HO, Helmick C et al (1988) Stomach cancer after partial gastrectomy for benign ulcer disease. N Engl J Med 319(4):195-200
89. Luo J, Nordenvall C, Nyren O et al (2007) The risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer disease. Int J Cancer 120(2):368-372
90. MacFarlane S, Furrie E, Macfarlane GT et al (2007) Microbial colonization of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Clin Infect Dis 45(1):29-38
91. Mack TM, Yu MC, Hanisch R et al (1986) Pancreas cancer and smoking, beverage consumption, and past medical history. J Natl Cancer Inst 76(1):49-60
92. Malaty HM, Graham DY (1994) Importance of childhood socioeconomic status on the current prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 35(6):742-745
93. Malfertheiner P, Sipponen P, Naumann M et al (2005) Helicobacter pylori eradication has the potential to prevent gastric cancer: a state-of-the-art critique. Am J Gastroenterol 100(9):2100-2115
94. Martin MS, Martin F, Justrabo E et al (1977) Immunoprophylaxis and therapy of grafted rat colonic carcinoma. Gut 18(3):232-235
95. Martin HM, Campbell BJ, Hart CA et al (2004) Enhanced Escherichia coli adherence and invasion in Crohn's disease and colon cancer. Gastroenterology 127(1):80-93
96. Matsuda NM, Miller SM, Evora PR (2009) The chronic gastrointestinal manifestations of Chagas disease. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 64(12):1219-1224
97. McKinney P, Sharp L, Macfarlane GJ et al (1995) Oesophageal and gastric cancer in Scotland 1960-90. Br J Cancer 71(2):411-415
98. Mellemgaard A, Gaarslev K (1988) Risk of hepatobiliary cancers in carriers of Salmonella typhi. J Natl Cancer Inst 80(4):288
99. Misra S, Chaturvedi A, Misra NC et al (2003) Carcinoma of the gallbladder. Lancet Onco 4(3):167-176
100. Moller H (1992) Incidence of cancer of oesophagus, cardia and stomach in Denmark. Eur J Cancer Prev 1(2):159-164
101. Moller H, Toftgaard C (1991) Cancer occurrence in a cohort of patients surgically treated for peptic ulcer. Gut 32(7):740-744
102. Moller H, Fairley L, Coupland V et al (2007) The future burden of cancer in England: incidence and numbers of new patients in 2020. Br J Cancer 96(9):1484-1488
103. Morita E, Narikiyo M, Yano A et al (2003) Different frequencies of Streptococcus anginosus infection in oral cancer and esophageal cancer. Cancer Sci 94(6):492-496
104. Morson BC (1974) Evolution of cancer of the colon and rectum. Cancer 34(3):845-849
105. Morson BC, Bussey HJR, Day DW et al (1983) Adenomas of the large bowel. Cancer Surv 2:451-478
106. Munkholm P (2003) Review article: the incidence and prevalence of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 18(Suppl 2):1-5
107. Nakajima S, Hattori T (2004) Oesophageal adenocarcinoma or gastric cancer with or without eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in chronic atrophic gastritis patients: a hypothetical opinion from a systematic review. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 20(Suppl 1):54-61
108. Narikiyo M, Tanabe C, Yamada Y et al (2004) Frequent and preferential infection of Treponema denticola, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus anginosus in esophageal cancers. Cancer Sci 95(7):569-574
109. Nath G, Singh H, Shukla VK (1997) Chronic typhoid carriage and carcinoma of the gallbladder. Eur J Cancer Prev 6(6):557-559
110. Nath G, Singh YK, Kumar K et al (2008) Association of carcinoma of the gallbladder with typhoid carriage in a typhoid endemic area using nested PCR. J Infect Dev Ctries 2(4):302-307
111. Newnham A, Quinn MJ, Babb P et al (2003) Trends in oesophageal and gastric cancer incidence, mortality and survival in England and Wales 1971-1998/1999. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 17(5):655-664
112. Nilsson HO, Stenram U, Ihse I et al (2006) Helicobacter species ribosomal DNA in the pancreas, stomach and duodenum of pancreatic cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol 12(19):3038-3043
113. Offerhaus GJ, Tersmette AC, Huibregtse K et al (1988) Mortality caused by stomach cancer after remote partial gastrectomy for benign conditions: 40 years of follow-up of an Amsterdam cohort of 2, 633 postgastrectomy patients. Gut 29(11):1588-1590
114. Osawa H, Inoue F, Yoshida Y (1996) Inverse relation of serum Helicobacter pylori antibody titres and extent of intestinal metaplasia. J Clin Pathol 49(2):112-115
115. Ouwehand A, Vaughan EE (2006) Gastrointestinal microbiology. Taylor & Francis, New York
116. Parkin DM (2001) Global cancer statistics in the year 2000. Lancet Oncol 2(9):533-543
117. Parkin DM (2006) The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002. Int J Cancer 118(12):3030-3044
118. Parsonnet J, Friedman GD, Vandersteen DP et al (1991) Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of gastric carcinoma. N Engl J Med 325(16):1127-1131
119. Parsonnet J, Blaser MJ, Perez-Perez GI et al (1992) Symptoms and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in a cohort of epidemiologists. Gastroenterology 102(1):41-46
120. Patyar S, Joshi R, Byrav DS et al (2010) Bacteria in cancer therapy: a novel experimental strategy. J Biomed Sci 17(1):21
121. Peek RM, Fiske C, Wilson KT (2010) Role of innate immunity in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric malignancy. Physiol Rev 90(3):831-858
122. Philippou N, Koursarakos P, Anastasakou E et al (2004) Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in patients with lung cancer. World J Gastroenterol 10(22):3342-3344
123. Pour PM, Lawson T (1984) Pancreatic carcinogenic nitrosamines in Syrian hamsters. In: O'Neill I, Van Borstel R, Miller C et al (eds) N-nitroso compounds: occurrence, biological effects and relevance to human cancer, 57. IARC, Lyon, pp 683-688
124. Powell JJ, McConkey CC (1992) The rising trend in oesophageal adenocarcinoma and gastric cardia. Eur J Cancer Prev 1(3):265-269
125. Preussmann R (1984) Occurence and exposure to N-nitroso compounds and precursors. In: O'Neill I, Van Borstel R, Miller C et al (eds) N-nitroso compounds: occurence, biological effects and relevance to human cancer, 57. IARC, Lyon, pp 3-15
126. Puestow CB, Gillesby WJ, Guynn VL (1955) Cancer of the esophagus. AMA Arch Surg 70(5):662-671
127. Putnam JB, Suell DM, McMurtrey MJ (1994) Comparison of three techniques of oesophagectomy within a residency training program. Ann Thorac Surg 57(2):319-325
128. Raderer M, Wrba F, Kornek G et al (1998) Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and pancreatic cancer. Oncology 55(1):16-19
129. Radomski J, Greenwald D, Hearn WL et al (1978) Nitrosamine formation in bladder infections and its role in the etiology of bladder cancer. J Urol 120(1):48-50
130. Rahamim J, Cham CW (1993) Oesophagogastrectomy for carcinoma of the oesophagus and cardia. Br J Surg 80(10):1305-1309
131. Ramus JR, Gatenby PA, Caygill CP et al (2007) Helicobacter pylori infection and severity of reflux-induced oesophageal disease in a cohort of patients with columnar-lined oesophagus. Dig Dis Sci 52(10):2821-2825
132. Randi G, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C (2006) Gallbladder cancer worldwide: geographical distribution and risk factors. Int J Cancer 118(7):1591-1602
133. Ries LAG, Eisner MP, Kosary CL et al (2004) SEER cancer statistics review, 1975-2001. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda
134. Risch HA, Yu H, Lu L et al (2010) ABO blood group, Helicobacter pylori seropositivity, and risk of pancreatic cancer: a case-control study. J Natl Cancer Inst 102(7):502-505
135. Robins G, Crabtree JE, Bailey A et al: EUROGAST Study Group (2008) International variation in Helicobacter pylori infection and rates of oesophageal cancer. Eur J Cancer 44(5):726-732
136. Rokitansky C (1854) A manual of pathological anatomy. Sydenham Soc, London
137. Rokkas T, Pistiolas D, Sechopoulos P, Robotis I, Margantinis G (2007) Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and esophageal neoplasia: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 5(12):1413-1417
138. Roses DF, Richman H, Localio SA (1974) Bacterial endocarditis associated with colorectal carcinoma. Ann Surg 179(2):190-191
139. Ross A, Smith M, Andersen J et al (1982) Late mortality after surgery for peptic ulcer. N Engl J Med 307(9):519-522
140. Ruprecht K, Ferreira H, Flockerzi A et al (2008) Human endogenous retrovirus family HERV-K (HML-2) RNA transcripts are selectively packaged into retroviral particles produced by the human germ cell tumor line Tera-1 and originate mainly from a provirus on chromosome 22q11.21. J Virol 82(20):10008-10016
141. Saad AA, O'Connor PJ, Mostafa MH et al (2006) Bladder tumor contains higher N-7 methylguanine levels in DNA than adjacent normal bladder epithelium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15(4):740-743
142. Selgrad M, Bornschein J, Rokkas T et al (2010) Clinical aspects of gastric cancer and Helicobacter pylori - screening, prevention and treatment. Helicobacter 15(Suppl 1):40-45
143. Shukla VK, Singh H, Pandey MK et al (2000) Carcinoma of the gallbladder: is it a sequel of typhoid? Dig Dis Sci 45(5):900-903
144. Siegert C, Overbosch D (1995) Carcinoma of the colon presenting as Streptococcus sanguis bacteremia. Am J Gastroenterol 90(9):1528-1529
145. Siman JH, Fosgren A, Berglund G et al (1997) Association between Helicobacter pylori and gastric carcinoma in the city of Malmo, Sweden. A prospective study. Scand J Gastroenterol 32(12):1215-1221
146. Sinclair T, Tuxford AF (1971) The incidence of urinary tract infection and asymptomatic bacteriuria in a semi-rural practice. Practitioner 207(273):81-84
147. Sjostedt S (1989) The upper gastrointestinal microbiota in relation to gastric diseases and gastric surgery. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 551:1-57
148. Smith KL, Parsonnet J (1998) Helicobacter pylori. In: Evans AS, Brachman PS (eds) Bacterial infections of humans: epidemiology and control, 3rd edn. Plenum Publishing, New York, pp 337-353
149. Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Blaser MJ, Limburg PJ et al (2001) Helicobacter pylori seropositivity as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 93(12):937-941
150. Tersmette AC, Offerhaus JG, Giardiello FM et al (1990) Occurrence of non-gastric cancer in the digestive tract after remote partial gastrectomy - analysis of an Amsterdam cohort. Int J Cancer 46(5):792-795
151. Toftgaard C (1989) Gastric cancer after peptic ulcer surgery - A historic prospective cohort investigation. Ann Surg 210(2):159-164
152. Tokudome S, Kono S, Ikeda M et al (1984) A prospective study on primary gastric stump cancer following partial gastrectomy for benign gastroduodenal diseases. Cancer Res 44(5):2208-2212
153. Turnbull ADM, Goodner JT (1968) Primary adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Cancer 22(5):915-918
154. Tuyns AJ (1992) Oesophageal cancer in France and Switzerland: recent time trends. Eur J Cancer Prev 1(3):275-278
155. Viste P, Opheim P, Thunold J et al (1986) Risk of carcinoma following gastric operations for benign disease. Lancet 328(8505):502-505
156. Watt PC, Patterson CC, Kennedy TL (1984) Late mortality after vagotomy and drainage for duodenal ulcer. Br Med J 288(6427):1335-1338
157. Webb J, Busuttil A (1978) Adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and of the oesophagogastric junction. Br J Surg 65(7):475-479
158. Welton J, Marr J, Friedman S (1979) Association between hepatobiliary cancer and typhoid carrier state. Lancet 313(8120):791-794
159. Wistuba II, Gazdar AF (2004) Gallbladder cancer: lessons from a rare tumour. Nat Rev Cancer 4(9):695-706
160. Wroblewski LE, Peek RM, Wison KT (2010) Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: factors that modulate disease risk. Clin Microbiol Rev 23(4):713-739
161. Wu C Y, Kuo KN, Wu MS et al (2009a) Early Helicobacter pylori eradication decreases risk of gastric cancer in patients with peptic ulcer disease. Gastroenterology 137(5):1641-1648
162. Wu IC, Wu DC, Yu FJ et al (2009b) Association between Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and digestive tract cancers. World J Gastroenterol 15(43):5465-5471
163. Wynder EL (1975) An epidemiological evaluation of the causes of cancer of the pancreas. Cancer Res 35(8):2228-2233
164. Zarkin BA, Lilliemoe KD, Cameron JL et al (1990) The triad of Streptococcus bovis bacteremia, colonic pathology, and liver disease. Ann Surg 211(6):786-791
165. Zatonski WA, Lowenfels AB, Boyle P et al (1997) Epidemiologic aspects of gallbladder cancer: a case-control study of the SEARCH program of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 89(15):1132-1138
166. Zhou Q, Zhang H, Pang X (1992) Pre- and postoperative sequential study on the serum gastrin level in patients with lung cancer. J Surg Oncol 51(1):22-25
167. Zhuo X, Zhang Y, Wang Y et al (2008) Helicobacter pylori infection and oesophageal cancer risk: association studies via evidence-based meta-analyses. Clin Oncol 20(10):757-762
168. Zur Hausen H (2009) The search for infectious causes of human cancers: where and why (Nobel lecture). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 48(32):5798-5808