Geography of rural enterprise banking and microfinance institutions in bangladesh;Geografía de la banca y las instituciones financieras de microcréditos alrededor de las empresas rurales en Bangladesh;Géographie de la banque et des institutions financières de microcrédits autour des entreprises rurales au Bangladesh;Geografia de la banca i les institucions financeres de microcrèdits entorn de les empreses rurals a Bangla Desh

Documents d'Analisi Geografica

Volumn 61, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 325-350

  Mahmud, Azim Uddin ^a   Tulla, Antoni F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Applied geography; Bangladesh; MFI and bank location; Microfinance; Rural finance

Indexed keywords

BANKING; CREDIT PROVISION; FINANCIAL SERVICES; MICROFINANCE; RURAL ECONOMY; RURAL FINANCE;

BANGLADESH;

EID: 84930806467     PISSN: 02121573     EISSN: 20144512     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5565/rev/dag.113     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. AFI (2010). Financial inclusion measurement for regulators: Survey design and implementation. Bangkok: Policy paper of Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI).
2. Agarwal, S.; Hauswald, R. (2010). “Distance and private information in lending”, Review of Financial Studies, 23(7), 2757-2788.
3. Ahlin, C.; Lin, J.; Maio, M. (2010). Where does microfinance flourish? Microfinance institution performance in macroeconomic context. Available at: (accessed December 16, 2014)
4. Ahsan, A.H.M.K. (2010). Problems of Coordination in Local Administration in Bangladesh: Thesis (M. Phil) in Public Administration, Department of Administration and Organization Theory, University of Bergen, Norway.
5. Aladuwaka, S.; Momsen, J. (2013). “Micro-credit, Poverty Alleviation and Women’s Empowerment: A case study from Rural Sri Lanka”. In Momsen, Janet and Buang, Amriah (eds) Gender and Empowerment, University of Malaysia Press.
6. Alamá, L.; Tortosa, E. (2012). “Bank branch geographic location patterns in Spain: some implications for financial exclusion”. Growth and Change, 43 (3), 505-543.
7. Alamgir, D.A.H. (2009). State of Microfinance in Bangladesh; a paper prepared for Institute of Microfinance (InM), Bangladesh. Available at: (accessed December 16, 2014)
8. Alessandrini P.; Croci M.; Zazzaro, A. (2005). “The geography of banking power: the role of functional distance”. Banca Nationale del Lavoro Quarterly Review, LVIII (235), 129-167.
9. Alessandrini, P.; Presbitero, A. F.; Zazzaro, A. (2010). “Bank Size or Distance: What Hampers Innovation Adoption by SMEs?“ Journal of Economic Geography 10 (6), 845–881.
10. Appleyard, L. (2013). “The Geographies of Access to Enterprise Finance: The Case of the West Midlands, UK”, Regional Studies 47(6), 868-79.
11. Armendariz, B.; Morduch, J. (2005). The Economics of Microfinance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
12. Armendáriz, B.; Roome, N. (2008). “Gender Empowerment in Microfinance”, in Suresh Sundaresan (ed.), Micro-Finance, Investment Trends and Challenges. New York: Edward Elgar Publishing, Ltd.
13. Bangladesh Bank (2013). Scheduled Banks Statistics, October-December, from 1998 to 2013, Bangladesh Bank, Dhaka.
14. BBS (2011). Statistical Pocket Book of Bangladesh-2010, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Dhaka.
15. Beck, T.; De La Torre, A. (2007). “The Basic Analytics of Access to Financial Services”. Financial Markets, Institutions and Instruments, 16, 79-117.
16. Beck, T.; Demirgüç-Kunt, A. (2008). “Access to Finance: An Unfinished Agenda”. World Bank Economic Review, 22(3), 383-396.
17. Beck, T.; Demirgüç-Kunt, A.; Honohan, P. (2009). “Access to Financial Services: Measurement, Impact and Policies”. World Bank Research Observer, 24 (1), 119-145.
18. Beck, T.; Demirgüç-Kunt, A.; Peria, M.S.M. (2007). “Reaching Out: Access to and Use of Banking Services across Countries” Journal of Financial Economics, 85(1), 234-66.
19. Beck, T.; Demirgüç-Kunt, A.; Peria, M.S.M (2008). “Banking services for everyone? Barriers to bank access and use around the world”. The World Bank Economic Review, 22(3), 397-430.
20. Berger, A.N.; Udell, G.F. (1995). “Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit in Small Firm Finance”. Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, 68(3), 351-381.
21. Berger, A.N.; Udell, G.F. (2006). “A More Complete Conceptual Framework for SME Finance”. Journal of Banking & Finance, 30, (11), 2945-2966
22. Carbó-Valverde, S.; Rodríguez-Fernández, F.; Udell, G.F. (2009). “Bank Market Power and SME Financing Constraints”. Review of Finance, 13(2), 309-340 Available at: [accessed June 10, 2014]
23. CGAP and the WORLD BANK GROUP (WBG) (2010). Financial Access 2010: The State of Financial Inclusion through the Crisis. Washington DC: The World Bank Group.
24. Chakravarty, S., Shahriar, A. Z (2010). Relationship Lending in Microcredit: Evidence from Bangladesh. Available at: (accessed December 16, 2014)
25. Charitonenko, S.; Rahman, S.M. (2002). Commercialization of Microfinance: Bangladesh, Manila: Asian Development Bank.
26. Chaves, R.; Gonzalez-Vega, C. (1996). “The Design of Successful Rural Financial Intermediaries: Evidence from Indonesia”. World Development. 24(1): 65-78.
27. Clarke, G.; Cull, R.; Peria, M.S.M.; Sanchez, S.M. (2005). “Bank Lending to Small Businesses in Latin America: Does Bank Origin Matter? “Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 37(1): 83-118.
28. Cull R.; Demirgüç-Kunt A.; Morduch J. (2009). “Microfinance Meets the Market” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23 (1), 167-192.
29. Demont, T. (2010). The Impact of Microfinance on the Informal Credit Market: An Adverse Selection Mode. CRED Working Paper 2010/05, University of Namur. Belgium.
30. Demirgüç-Kunt, A.; Klapper, L. (2012). Measuring Financial Inclusion: The Global Findex Database. Policy Research Working Paper 6025, Washington, DC: The World Bk.
31. Dymski, G.A. (2013). “Can Relationship Banking Survive the Spanish Economic Crisis?” Ekonomiaz, 84 (03), 182-205.
32. Emran, M. S.; Morshed, A.K.M.M.; Stiglitz, J. E. (2006). Microfinance and Missing Markets. Available at: [accessed August 13, 2013]
33. Faruqee, R. (2010). Microfinance for Agriculture in Bangladesh: Current Status and Future Potential. Working Paper No. 08, Dhaka: Institute of Microfinance.
34. Ferrari, A. (2008). Increasing Access to Rural Finance in Bangladesh: The Forgotten Missing Middle. A study conducted by World Bank, Led by Ferrari, A. Washington DF.
35. Gärtner, S.; Flögel, F. (2014). Call for a Spatial Classification of Banking Systems through the Lens of SME Finance - Decentralized versus Centralized Banking in Germany as an Example. Discussion Paper, 14/01, Institute for Work and Technology. Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, Germany.
36. Gauri, V.; Fruttero, A. (2003). Location Decisions and Nongovernmental Organization Motivation: Evidence from Rural Bangladesh. Policy Research Working Paper no. 3176, Washington DC: The World Bank.
37. Gonzalez-Vega, C.M.; Schreiner, R.L.; Meyer, J.; Rodriguez-Meza; Navajas, S. (1996). “Bancosol: The Challenge of Growth for Microfinance Organizations“, in Hermut Schneider (ed) Microfinance For the Poor?
38. Hoff, K.; Stiglitz, J.E. (1993). “Imperfect information and Rural Credit Markets: Puzzles and Policy Perspectives”, in: Hoff, K.; Braverman, A.; Stiglitz, J.E. (eds.), The Economics of rural Organization: Theory, Practice and Policy, New York: Oxford University Press.
39. Hossain, M. (2004). Rural Non-Farm Economy in Bangladesh: A View from Household Surveys. Occasional Paper No. 40, Dhaka: Centre for Policy Dialogue.
40. IFC and KFW (2009). Microfinance and Financial Sector Diagnostic Study, a report. In: [accessed December 16, 2014]
41. IMF: Online IMF Financial Survey data (Existing). Available at: [accessed December 16, 2014]
42. Juan, R. (2002). “Entry in Independent Submarkets: An Application to the Spanish Retail Banking Market”. The Economic and Social Review, 33 (1), 109-118.
43. Kato, M.P.; Kratzer, J. (2013). “Empowering Women through Microfinance: Evidence from Tanzania”. ACRN Journal of Entrepreneurship Perspectives. 2, (1): 31-59.
44. Khandker, S.R.; Khalily, M.A.B.; Khan, Z. (1995). Grameen Bank: Performance and Sustainability. Discussion Paper no. 306, Washington, D.C.: the World Bank.
45. Karim, L. (2008). “Demystifying Micro-credit: The Grameen Bank, NGOs, and Neoliberalism in Bangladesh”. Cultural Dynamics, 20 (1), 5-29.
46. Khandker, S.R.; Koolwal G.B.; Badruddoza, S. (2013). How Does Competition Affect the Performance of MFIs?Policy Research Working Paper no. 6408, Washington DC: The World Bank.
47. Keeble, D. (1990). “Small firms, new firms and uneven development in the United Kingdom”. Area, 22, 234-245.
48. Klagge, B.; Martin, R. (2005). “Decentralized versus centralized financial systems: is there a case for local capital markets?” Journal of Economic Geography, 5 (4), 387-421.
49. Krueger, R. (2010). “Smart Growth and Its Discontents: An examination of American and European Approaches to Local and Regional Sustainable Development”. Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica, 56 (3), 409-433.
50. Leyshon, A.; Thrift, N. (1994). Geographies of financial exclusion: financial abandonment in Britain and the United States, Department of Geography, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS.
51. Li, X.; Xiongfei, Z. (2008). “Institutional Reforms and the Spatial Evolution of Banking System in a Less Developed Region of China since 1978”. Development and Society, 37 (1), 55-76. Available at: [accessed December 16, 2014]
52. Mallick, D.; Nabin, M.H. (2011). Where NGOs go and Do not go? Research Monograph Series no. 45, Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC, Bangladesh. MAP. Available at: [accessed December 4, 2014]
53. Marshall, J.N. (2004). “Financial institutions in disadvantaged areas: a comparative analysis of policies encouraging financial inclusion in Britain and the United States”. Environment and Planning A, (36), 241-261.
54. Martin, R. (ed.) (1999). Money and the Space Economy. London: John Wiley & Sons.
55. Martin, R.; Berndt, C.; Klagge, B.; Sunley, P. (2005). “Spatial proximity effects and regional equity gaps in the venture capital market: evidence from Germany and the United Kingdom”. Environment and Planning A(37), 1207-1231.
56. Massey, D. (2009). “Concepts of space and power in theory and in political practice”. Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica, 55, 15-26.
57. McIntosh, C.; De Janvry, A.; Sadoulet, A. (2004). “How Rising Competition among Microfinance Institutions Affects Incumbent Lenders”. The Economic Journal, 115, 987-1004.
58. Mondol, M.H. (2010). “Crop Agriculture of Bangladesh: Challenges and Opportunities”. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 35(2), 235-245.
59. MRA (Microcredit Regulatory Authority, 2010). NGO-MFIs in Bangladesh: A Statistical Publication. Volume 6, June 2009, Dhaka: MRA.
60. MRA (2011). NGO-MFIs in Bangladesh: A Statistical Publication. Volume 7, June 2010, Dhaka: MRA.
61. MRA (2011). Annual Report. Dhaka: MRA.
62. MRA (2013). Annual Report. Dhaka: MRA.
63. MRA Overview, Available at: [accessed October 1, 2014]
64. Pandula, G. (2011). “An empirical investigation of small and medium enterprise’ access to bank finance: the case of an emerging economy”, Proceedings of ASBBS, 18 (1), 255-273. Annual Conference: Las Vegas.
65. Paul, S.; Goel, P.R. (2010). Decentralization in Bangladesh. NCAER New-Delhi. [accessed June 16, 2014]
66. Pedrosa, J.; Do, Q. (2008). How Does Geographic Distance Affect Credit Market Access in Niger?Policy Research Working Paper no. 4772. Washington DC: The World Bank.
67. Pellegrina, L.D. (2011). “Microfinance and Investment: a Comparison with Bank and Informal Lending”. World Development, 39 (6), 882-897.
68. Petersen, M.A.; Rajan, R.G. (1994). “The benefits of lending relationships – Evidence from small business data“ Journal of Finance, 49 (1), 03-37.
69. Petersen, M.A.; Rajan, R.G (1995). “The effect of credit market competition on lending relationships”. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110 (2), 407-443.
70. Petersen, M.A.; Rajan, R.G (2002). “Does distance still matter? The information revolution in small business lending”. Journal of Finance, 57.
71. Polese, M.; Shearmur, R. (2004). “Culture, language, and the location of high-order service functions: the case of Montreal and Toronto”. Economic Geography, 80 (4), 329-350.
72. Presbitero, A.F.; Rabellotti, R. (2014). “Geographical Distance and Moral Hazard in Microcredit: Evidence from Colombia”. Journal of International Development, 26 (1), 91-108.
73. Ravallion, M.; Wodon, Q. (1997). Banking on the Poor? Branch Placement and Nonfarm Rural Development in Bangladesh. Policy Research Working Paper no. 1858, Washington DC: The World Bank.
74. Rhyne, E.; Christen, R.P. (1999). “Microfinance Enters the Marketplace”. Washington, D.C.: USAID Microenterprise Publications.
75. Salim, M.M. (2013). “Revealed Objective Functions of Microfinance Institutions: Evidence from Bangladesh”. Journal of Development Economics, 104 (C), 34-55.
76. Stiglitz, J.E. (1990). “Peer Monitoring and Credit Markets”. The World Bank Economic Review, 4(3), 351-366.
77. SOUTH ASIA.PDF: [accessed December 16, 2014]
78. Tressel, T. (2003). “Dual Financial Systems and the Inequalities in Economic Development”. Journal of Economic Growth, 8, 223-257.
79. Uchida, H.; Udell, G.F.; Yamori, N. (2006). SME financing and the choice of lending technology. Discussion Paper Series 06-E-025, Research Institute of Economy Trade and Industry, (RIETI), Japan.
80. UNDP (2012). UNDP Country Profile. Available at: [accessed December 16, 2014].
81. Uzzi, B. (1999). “Embeddedness in the making of financial capital: how social relations and networks benefit firms seeking finance”. American Sociological Review, 64: 481-505.
82. World Bank (2007). Finance for All? Policies and Pitfalls in Expanding Access. Policy Research Report, Washington, DC: World Bank.
83. Zaman, H. (2004) The Scaling –Up of Microfinance in Bangladesh: Determinants, Impact and Lesson. Policy research Working Paper 3398, Washington DC: The World Bank.
84. Zeller, M.; Sharma, M.; Ahmed, A.U.; Rashid, S. (2001). Group-Based Financial Institutions for the Rural Poor in Bangladesh: An Institutional and Household-Level Analysis, Research report-120, Washington DC: International Food Policy research Institute.