An improved Cauchy number approach for predicting the drag and reconfiguration of flexible vegetation

Advances in Water Resources

Volumn 83, Issue , 2015, Pages 28-35

  Whittaker, Peter ^a,b   Wilson, Catherine A M E ^a   Aberle, Jochen ^c  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b JBA CONSULTING   (United Kingdom)

^c NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FORESTRY; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; VEGETATION;

CAUCHY NUMBERS; DRAG FORCES; GLUTINOSA; HIGH RESOLUTION; POPULUS NIGRA; PROPERTY MEASUREMENT; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SUBMERGED FLOW;

DRAG;

CONTINUUM MECHANICS; DATA SET; DECIDUOUS TREE; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; NUMERICAL MODEL; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; VEGETATION COVER;

DATA; MEASUREMENT; PLANTS;

ALNUS GLUTINOSA; POPULUS NIGRA; SALIX; SALIX ALBA;

EID: 84930665038     PISSN: 03091708     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.05.005     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Wetherald R, Manabe S. Simulation of hydrologic changes associated with global warming. JGeophys Res 2002;107(1):4379-94.http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001195.
2. UKCIP The climate of the UK and recent trends 2009, UK Climate Impacts Programme, Exeter, UK, Technical report.
3. IPCC Contribution of working group I: the physical science basis. Fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change 2013, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. T. Stocker, D. Qin, G. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex, P. Midgley (Eds.).
4. ICE Learning to live with rivers. Final report of the Institution of Civil Engineers' Presidential Commission to review the technical aspects of flood risk management in England and Wales 2001, Institution of Civil Engineers, London, UK. G. Fleming, L. Frost, S. Huntington, D. Knight, F. Law (Eds.).
5. King S.D. Foresight: future flooding 2004, Office of Science and Technology, London, UK, Technical report.
6. Pitt S.M. Learning lessons from the 2007 floods 2008, Cabinet Office, London, UK, Technical report.
7. Marshall M., Ballard C., Frogbrook Z., Solloway I., McIntyre N., Reynolds B., Wheater H. The impact of rural land management changes on soil hydraulic properties and runoff processes: results from experimental plots in upland UK, Hydrol. Processes 2014, 28(4):2617-2629. 10.1002/hyp.9826.
8. Nisbet T., Marrington S., Thomas H., Broadmeadow S., Valatin G. Slowing the flow at Pickering 2011, Forest Research, Surrey, UK, Technical report.
9. Fischer-Antze T., Stoesser T., Bates P., Olsen N.R. 3D numerical modelling of open-channel flow with submerged vegetation. J Hydraulic Res 2001, 39(3):303-310. 10.1080/00221680109499833.
10. Stoesser T., Wilson C.A.M.E., Bates P., Dittrich A. Application of a 3D numerical model to a river with vegetated floodplains. J Hydroinform 2003, 5(2):99-112.
11. Wilson C.A.M.E., Yagci O., Rauch H.-P., Stoesser T. Application of the drag force approach to model the flow-interaction of natural vegetation. Int J River Basin Manage 2006, 4(2):137-146. 10.1080/15715124.2006.9635283.
12. Petryk S., Bosmajian G. Analysis of flow through vegetation. J Hydraul Div 1975, 101(7):871-884.
13. Yen B. Open channel flow resistance. J Hydraulic Eng 2002, 128(1):20-39. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:1(20).
14. Li R.-M., Shen H. Effect of tall vegetations on flow and sediment. J Hydraul Div 1973, 99(5):793-814.
15. James C., Birkhead A., Jordanova A., O'Sullivan J. Flow resistance of emergent vegetation. J Hydraulic Res 2004, 42(4):390-398. 10.1080/00221686.2004.9728404.
16. Huthoff F., Augustijn D., Hulscher S. Analytical solution of the depth averaged flow velocity in case of submerged rigid cylindrical vegetation. Water Resour Res 2007, 43(6):W06413. 10.1029/2006WR005625.
17. Douglas J., Gasiorek J., Swaffeld J., Jack L. Fluid mechanics 2005, Pearson, Harlow, UK. 5th ed.
18. Gosselin F., de Langre E. Drag reduction by reconfiguration of a poroelastic system. J Fluid Struct 2011, 27(7):1111-1123. 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2011.05.007.
19. Västilä K., Järvelä J., Aberle J., Schoneboom T. Vegetative drag in natural, foliated plant stands. 34th IAHR world congress 2011, vol. 5:2978-2985. Taylor & Francis, London, UK, Brisbane.
20. Dittrich A., Aberle J., Schoneboom T. Drag forces and flow resistance of flexible riparian vegetation. Environmental fluid mechanics: memorial colloquium on environmental fluid mechanics in honour of Professor Gerhard H. Jirka 2012, 195-215. CRC Press, London, UK. W. Rodi, M. Uhlmann, (Eds.).
21. Jalonen J., Järvelä J., Aberle J. Leaf area index as vegetation density measure for hydraulic analyses. J Hydraulic Eng 2013, 139(5):461-469. 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000700.
22. Vogel S. Drag and flexibility in sessile organisms. Am Zool 1984, 24(1):37-44.
23. Harder D., Speck O., Hurd C., Speck T. Reconfiguration as a prerequisite for survival in highly unstable flow-dominated habitats. J Plant Growth Regul 2004, 23(2):98-107. 10.1007/s00344-004-0043-1.
24. Nikora V. Hydrodynamics of aquatic ecosystems: an interface between ecology, biomechanics and environmental fluid mechanics. River Res Appl 2010, 26(4):367-384. 10.1002/rra.1291.
25. Fathi-Maghadam M., Kouwen N. Non-rigid, non-submerged, vegetative roughness on floodplains. J Hydraulic Eng 1997, 123(1):51-57.
26. Oplatka M. Stabilität von Weidenverbauungen an Flussufern 1998, EidgenössischeTechnischeHochschuleZürich, Switzerland, [Ph.D. thesis].
27. Järvelä J. Determination of flow resistance caused by non-submerged woody vegetation. Int J River Basin Manage 2004, 2(1):61-70. 10.1080/15715124.2004.9635222.
28. Sand-Jensen K. Drag forces on common plant species in temperate streams: consequences of morphology, velocity and biomass. Hydrobiologia 2008, 601(1):307-319. 10.1007/s10750-008-9446-5.
29. Wilson C., Hoyt J., Schnauder I. Impact of foliage on the drag force of vegetation in aquatic flows. J Hydraulic Eng 2008, 134(7):885-891. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:7(885).
30. Schoneboom T. Widerstand flexibler Vegetation und Sohlenwiderstand in durchströmten Bewuchsfeldern 2011, Leichtweiß-Institut für Wasserbau No. 157. Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany, [Ph.D. thesis].
31. Jalonen J., Järvelä J. Impact of tree scale on drag: Experiments in a towing tank. 35th IAHR world congress 2013, vol. 1:12. Taylor & Francis, London, UK, Chengdu.
32. Siniscalchi F., Nikora V. Dynamic reconfiguration of aquatic plants and its interrelations with upstream turbulence and drag forces. J Hydraulic Res 2013, 51(1):46-55. 10.1080/00221686.2012.743486.
33. Gaylord B., Blanchette C., Denny M. Mechanical consequences of size in wave-swept algae. Ecol Monogr 1994, 64(3):287-313. 10.2307/2937164.
34. Gosselin F., de Langre E., Machado-Almeida B. Drag reduction of flexible plates by reconfiguration. J Fluid Mech 2010, 650(1):319-341. 10.1017/S0022112009993673.
35. de Langre E., Gutierrez A., Cossé J. On the scaling of drag reduction by reconfiguration in plants. C R Mech 2012, 340(1-2):35-40. 10.1016/j.crme.2011.11.005.
36. Sand-Jensen K. Drag and reconfiguration of freshwater macrophytes. Freshwater Biol 2003, 48(2):271-283. 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.00998.x.
37. Cullen S. Trees and wind: a practical consideration of the drag equation velocity exponent for urban tree risk management. J Arboric 2005, 31(3):101-113.
38. Xavier P. Floodplain woodland hydrodynamics 2009, HydroenvironmentalResearch Centre, Cardiff University, UK, [Ph.D. thesis].
39. Folkard A. Vegetated flows in their environmental context: a review. Eng Comput Mech 2011, 164(1):3-24. 10.1680/eacm.8.00006.
40. Wu F., Shen H., Chou Y. Variation of roughness coefficients for unsubmerged and submerged vegetation. J Hydraulic Eng 1999, 125(9):934-942. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:9(934).
41. Armanini A., Righetti M., Grisenti P. Direct measurement of vegetation resistance in prototype scale. J Hydraulic Res 2005, 43(5):481-487. 10.1080/00221680509500146.
42. Mayhead G. Some drag coefficients for British forest trees derived from wind tunnel studies. Agric Meteorol 1973, 12(1):123-130. 10.1016/0002-1571(73)90013-7.
43. Vogel S. Drag and reconfiguration of broad leaves in high winds. J Exp Bot 1989, 40(8):941-948. 10.1093/jxb/40.8.941.
44. Boller M., Carrington E. The hydrodynamic effects of shape and size change during reconfiguration of flexible macroalga. J Exp Biol 2006, 209(10):1894-1903.
45. Chen L., Stone M., Acharya K., Steinhaus K. Mechanical analysis for emergent vegetation in flowing fluids. J Hydraulic Res 2011, 49(6):766-774. 10.1080/00221686.2011.621359.
46. Albayrak I., Nikora V., Miller O., O'Hare M. Flow-plant interactions at a leaf scale: effects of leaf shape, serration, roughness and flexural rigidity. Aquat Sci 2012, 74(2):267-286. 10.1007/s00027-011-0220-9.
47. Luhar M., Nepf H. From the blade scale to the reach scale: a characterization of aquatic vegetative drag. Adv Water Resour 2013, 51(1):305-316. 10.1016/j.advwatres.2012.02.002.
48. Whittaker P., Wilson C.A.M.E., Aberle J., Rauch H.-P., Xavier P. A drag force model to incorporate the reconfiguration of full-scale riparian trees under hydrodynamic loading. J Hydraulic Res 2013, 51(5):569-580. 10.1080/00221686.2013.822936.
49. Järvelä J. Flow resistance of flexible and stiff vegetation: a flume study with natural plants. J Hydrol 2002, 269(1):44-54. 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00193-2.
50. Västilä K., Järvelä J., Aberle J. Characteristic reference areas for estimating flow resistance of natural foliated vegetation. J Hydrol 2013, 492(1):49-60. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.015.
51. Västilä K., Järvelä J. Modeling the flow resistance of woody vegetation using physically based properties of the foliage and stem. Water Resour Res 2014, 50(1):229-245. 10.1002/2013WR013819.
52. Aberle J., Järvelä J. Flow resistance of emergent rigid and flexible floodplain vegetation. J Hydraulic Res 2013, 51(1):33-45. 10.1080/00221686.2012.754795.
53. Wilson C.A.M.E., Xavier P., Schoneboom T., Aberle J., Rauch H.-P., Lammeranner W., Weissteiner C., Thomas H. The hydrodynamic drag of full scale trees. River flow 2010 2010, 577:453-459. Karlsruhe Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau, Germany, Braunschweig. A. Dittrich, K. Koll, J. Aberle, P. Geisenhainer, (Eds.).
54. Xavier P., Wilson C.M.E., Aberle J., Rauch H.-P., Schoneboom T., Lammeranner W., Thomas H. Drag force of flexible submerged trees. Hydralab III joint user meeting, Hannover 2010.
55. Whittaker P. Modelling the hydrodynamic drag force of flexible riparian woodland 2014, Hydro-environmental Research Centre, Cardiff University, UK, [Ph.D. thesis].
56. Schoneboom T., Aberle J., Wilson C.M.E., Dittrich A. Drag force measurements of vegetation elements. 8th international conference on hydro-science and engineering 2008.
57. Alben S., Shelley M., Zhang J. Drag reduction through self-similar bending of a flexible body. Nature 2002, 420(6915):479-481. 10.1038/nature01232.
58. de Langre E. Effects of wind on plants. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 2008, 40(1):141-168. 10.1146/annurev.fluid.40.111406.102135.
59. Luhar M., Nepf H. Flow-induced reconfiguration of buoyant and flexible aquatic vegetation. Limnol Oceanogr 2011, 56(6):2003-2017. 10.4319/lo.2011.56.6.2003.
60. Barois T., de Langre E. Flexible body with drag independent of the flow velocity. J Fluid Mech 2013, 735(1):R2. 10.1017/jfm.2013.516.
61. Blevins R. Flow induced vibrations 1990, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, USA. 2nd ed.
62. Cermak J., Isyumov N. Wind tunnel studies of buildings and structures 1998, ASCE, Reston, USA. 2nd ed.
63. Chakrabarti S. The theory and practice of hydrodynamics and vibration 2002, World Scientific, Singapore. 1st ed.
64. Aberle J., Dittrich A. An experimental study of drag forces acting on flexible plants. River flow 2012 2012, 193-200. Taylor & Francis, London, UK, San José, Costa Rica. R. Murillo M (Ed.).
65. McBurney R., Drow J. The elastic properties of wood 1962, Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, USA, Technical report 1528-D.
66. Winandy J. Wood properties. Encyclopedia of agricultural science 1994, vol. 4:549-561. Academic Press, Orlando, USA. C. Arntzen (Ed.).
67. FPL Wood handbook: wood as an engineering material 2010, Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, USA, Technical report FPL610 GTR-190.
68. Shmulsky R., Jones P. Forest products and wood science 2011, Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, USA. 6th ed.
69. Shames I. Mechanics of fluids 2003, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. 4th ed.
70. Gao G., Falconer R., Lin B. Modelling open channel flows with vegetation using a three-dimensional model. J Water Resour Prot 2011, 3(2):114-119. 10.4236/jwarp.2011.32013.
71. Zhang M., Li C., Shen Y. Depth-averaged modeling of free surface flows in open channels with emerged and submerged vegetation. Appl Math Model 2013, 37(1):540-553. 10.1016/j.apm.2012.02.049.
72. Alonso C. Transport mechanics of stream-borne logs. Riparian vegetation and fluvial geomorphology 2004, vol. 623 8:59-69. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, USA, 624. 10.1029/008WSA05. S. Bennett, A. Simon. (Eds.).
73. Jalonen J., Järvelä J. Estimation of drag forces caused by natural woody vegetation of different scales. J Hydrodyn Ser B 2014, 26(4):608-623. 10.1016/S1001-6058(14)60068-8.