A drag force model to incorporate the reconfiguration of full-scale riparian trees under hydrodynamic loading

Journal of Hydraulic Research

Volumn 51, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 569-580

  Whittaker, Peter ^a   Wilson, Catherine ^a   Aberle, Jochen ^b   Rauch, Hans Peter ^c   Xavier, Patricia ^d  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND LIFE SCIENCES   (Austria)

^d ARUP   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Floodplain woodland; Hydrodynamic drag; Submerged vegetation; Vogel exponent

Indexed keywords

DRAG; HYDRODYNAMICS; VEGETATION;

FLEXURAL RIGIDITIES; FLOOD PLAINS; HYDRODYNAMIC DRAG; HYDRODYNAMIC LOADING; SUBMERGED VEGETATION; THEORETICAL MODELING; VEGETATION PROPERTIES; VOGEL EXPONENT;

FORESTRY;

DRAG; FLOODPLAIN; FOLIAGE; FORCE; PHYSICAL PROPERTY; RIGIDITY; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; SUBMERGED VEGETATION; TREE; WOODLAND;

FORESTRY; HYDRODYNAMICS; PLANTS; SKIDDING;

EID: 84887751107     PISSN: 00221686     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2013.822936     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Aberle, J., Dittrich, A. (2012). An experimental study of drag forces acting on flexible plants. Proc. Int. Conf. River flow 2012, San José, Costa Rica, R. Murillo Muñoz, ed. Taylor & Francis, London, 193-200
2. Aberle, J., Järvelä, J. (2013). Flow resistance of emergent rigid and flexible floodplain vegetation. J. Hydraulic Res. 51(1), 33-45
3. Albayrak, I., Nikora, V., Miller, O., O'Hare, M. (2012). Flow-plant interactions at a leaf scale: Effects of leaf shape, serration, roughness and flexural ridity. Aquat. Sci. 74(2), 267-286
4. Alben, S., Shelley, M., Zhang, J. (2002). Drag reduction through self-similar bending of a flexible body. Nature 420(6915), 479-481
5. Antonarakis, A., Richards, K., Brasington, J., Muller, E. (2010). Determining leaf area index and leafy tree roughness using terrestrial laser scanning. Water Resour. Res. 46(6), W06510
6. Armanini, A., Righetti, M., Grisenti, P. (2005). Direct measurement of vegetation resistance in prototype scale. J. Hydraulic Res. 43(5), 481-487
7. Blevins, R. (1990). Flow-induced vibrations. ed. 2.Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
8. Boller, M., Carrington, E. (2006). The hydrodynamic effects of shape and size change during reconfiguration of flexible macroalga. J. Exp. Biol. 209(10), 1894-1903
9. Buckingham, E. (1914). On physically similar systems: Illustrations of the use of dimensional equations. Phys. Rev. 4(4), 345-376
10. Cermak, J., Isyumov, N. (1998).Wind tunnel studies of buildings and structures. ed. 2. ASCE, Reston, VA.
11. Chakrabarti, S. (2002). The theory and practice of hydrodynamics and vibration. ed. 1. World Scientific, Singapore
12. Chen, L., Stone, M., Acharya, K., Steinhaus, K. (2011). Mechanical analysis for emergent vegetation in flowing fluids. J. Hydraulic Res. 49(6), 766-774
13. Coates, R., Coutie, M., Kong, F. (1990). Structural analysis. ed. 3. Chapman & Hall, London
14. Cowan, W. (1956). Estimating hydraulic roughness coefficients. Agric. Eng. 37(7), 473-475
15. Cullen, S. (2005). Trees and wind: A practical consideration of the drag equation velocity exponent for urban tree risk management. J. Arboric. 31(3), 101-113
16. Dittrich, A., Aberle, J., Schoneboom, T. (2012). Drag forces and flow resistance of flexible riparian vegetation. In Environmental fluid mechanics: Memorial colloquium on environmental fluid mechanics in honour of Professor Gerhard H. Jirka. W. Rodi, M. Uhlmann, eds. CRC Press, London, 195-215
17. Douglas, J., Gasiorek, J., Swaffield, J., Jack, L. (2005). Fluid mechanics. ed. 5. Pearson, Harlow
18. Fathi-Maghadam, M., Kouwen, N. (1997). Non-rigid, nonsubmerged, vegetative roughness on floodplains. J. Hydraulic Eng. 123(1), 51-57
19. Fathi-Moghadam, M. (2007). Physical properties of tall vegetation for resistance to flow. J. Agron. 6(1), 194-198
20. Ferguson, R (2010). Time to abandon the Manning equation? Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 35(15), 1873-1876
21. Forzieri, G., Degetto, M., Righetti, M., Castelli, F., Preti, F. (2011). Satellite multispectral data for improved floodplain roughness modelling. J. Hydrol. 407(1-4), 41-57
22. Gaylord, B., Blanchette, C., Denny, M. (1994). Mechanical consequences of size in wave-swept algae. Ecol. Monogr. 64(3), 287-313
23. Gosselin, F., de Langre, E. (2011). Drag reduction by reconfiguration of a poroelastic system. J. Fluid. Struct. 27(7), 1111-1123
24. Gosselin, F., de Langre, E., Machado-Almeida, B. (2010). Drag reduction of flexible plates by reconfiguration. J. Fluid Mech. 650(1), 319-341
25. Green, D., Winandy, J., Kretschmann, D. (1999). Mechanical properties of wood. Technical Report, Rep. FPL-GTR-113. Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Madison, WI.
26. Haines, A. (2004). Salix myricoides (bayberry willow) conservation and research plan for New England. Technical Report, New England Wild Flower Society, Framingham, MA.
27. Harder, D., Speck, O., Hurd, C., Speck, T. (2004). Reconfiguration as a prerequisite for survival in highly unstable flow-dominated habitats. J. Plant Growth Regul. 23(2), 98-107
28. Hughes, F. (2003). Guidance for policy makers and river managers in Europe on the restoration of floodplain forests. Technical Report, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
29. Huthoff, F., Augustijn, D., Hulscher, S. (2007). Analytical solution of the depth-averaged flow velocity in case of submerged rigid cylindrical vegetation.Water Resour. Res. 43(6), W06413
30. Järvelä, J. (2002). Determination of flow resistance of vegetated channel banks and floodplains. Proc. Int. Conf. River flow 2002, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium, 311-318, D. Bousmar, Y. Zech, eds. Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse
31. Järvelä, J. (2004). Determination of flow resistance caused by non-submerged woody vegetation. Int. J. River Basin Manage. 2(1), 61-70
32. Järvelä, J. (2006). Vegetative flow resistance: Characterization of woody plants for modelling applications. Proc. World Water and Environmental Resources Congress Omaha, 1-10, R. Graham, ed. ASCE, New York
33. Kouwen, N., Fathi-Moghadam, M. (2000). Friction factors for coniferous trees along rivers. J. Hydraulic Eng. 126(10), 732-740
34. De Langre, E. (2008). Effects of wind on plants. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 40(1), 141-168
35. De Langre, E., Gutierrez, A., Cossé, J. (2012). On the scaling of drag reduction by reconfiguration in plants. C. R. Mec. 340(1-2), 35-40
36. Li, R.M., Shen, H. (1973). Effect of tall vegetations on flow and sediment. J. Hydraulics Div. 99(5), 793-814
37. Luhar, M., Nepf, H. (2011). Flow-induced reconfiguration of buoyant and flexible aquatic vegetation. Limnol. Oceanogr. 56(6), 2003-2017
38. Mayhead, G. (1973). Some drag coefficients for British forest trees derived from wind tunnel studies. Agric. Meteorol. 12(1), 123-130
39. Nikora, V. (2010). Hydrodynamics of aquatic ecosystems: An interface between ecology, biomechanics and environmental fluid mechanics. River Res. Appl. 26(4), 367-384
40. Oplatka, M. (1998). Stabilität vonWeidenverbauungen an Flussufern. PhD Thesis, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Switzerland
41. Petryk, S., Bosmajian, G. (1975). Analysis of flow through vegetation. J. Hydraulics Div. 101(7), 871-884
42. Rautiainen, M., Stenberg, P., Nilson, T., Kuusk, A., Smolander, H. (2003). Application of a forest reflectance model in estimating leaf area index of Scots pine stands using Landsat-7 ETM reflectance data. Can. J. Remote Sens. 29(3), 314-323
43. Sand-Jensen, K. (2008). Drag forces on common plant species in temperate streams: Consequences of morphology, velocity and biomass. Hydrobiologia 601(1), 307-319
44. Sand-Jensen, K., Pedersen, M. (2008). Streamlining of plant patches in streams. Freshwater Biol. 53(4), 714-726
45. Schlichting, H. (1979). Boundary layer theory. ed. 7. McGraw-Hill, New York
46. Schoneboom, T (2011). Widerstand flexibler Vegetation und Sohlenwiderstand in durchströmten Bewuchsfeldern. PhD Thesis, Leichtweiß-Institut fürWasserbau No.157,Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
47. Schoneboom, T., Aberle, J., Dittrich, A. (2010). Hydraulic resistance of vegetated flows: Contribution of bed shear stress and vegetative drag to total hydraulic resistance. Proc. Int. Conf. River flow 2010, Braunschweig, Germany, 269-276, A. Dittrich, K. Koll, J. Aberle, P. Geisenhainer, eds. Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau, Karlsruhe
48. Shames, I. (2003). Mechanics of fluids. ed. 4. McGraw-Hill, New York
49. Stone, M., Chen, L., McKay, S., Goreham, J., Acharya, K., Fischenich, C., Stone, A. (2013). Bending of submerged woody riparian vegetation as a function of hydraulic flow conditions. River Res. Appl. 29(2), 195-205
50. Tabacchi, E., Planty-Tabacchi, A.M., Salinas, J., Décamps, H. (1996). Landscape structure and diversity in riparian plant communities: Alongitudinal comparative study. Regul. Rivers Res. Manage. 12(4), 367-390
51. UNEP. (2000). European forests and protected areas: Gap analysis. Technical Report, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge
52. Västilä, K., Järvelä, J., Aberle, J. (2013). Characteristic reference areas for estimating flow resistance of natural foliated vegetation. J. Hydrol. 492(1), 49-60
53. Vischer, D., Oplatka, M. (1998). Der Strömungswiderstand eines flexiblen Ufer-und Vorlandbewuchses. Wasserwirtschaft 88(6), 284-288
54. Vogel, S. (1984). Drag and flexibility in sessile organisms. Am. Zool. 24(1), 37-44
55. Vogel, S. (1989). Drag and reconfiguration of broad leaves in high winds. J. Exp. Bot. 40(8), 941-948
56. Weissteiner, C. (2009). Biomechanical behaviour of plants under hydraulic load. Technical Report, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna
57. Wilson, C., Hoyt, J., Schnauder, I. (2008). Impact of foliage on the drag force of vegetation in aquatic flows. J. Hydraulic Eng. 134(7), 885-891
58. Xavier, P. (2009). Floodplain woodland hydrodynamics. PhD Thesis, Hydro-environmental Research Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff
59. Yen, B. (2002). Open channel flow resistance. J. Hydraulic Eng. 128(1), 20-39
60. Zheng, G., Moskal, M (2009). Retrieving leaf area index (LAI using remote sensing: Theories, methods and sensors. Sensors 9(4), 2719-2745