When Does the Future Begin? Time Metrics Matter, Connecting Present and Future Selves

Psychological Science

Volumn 26, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 816-825

  Lewis, Neil A ^a   Oyserman, Daphna ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

future; judgment; motivation; open materials; situated cognition; time

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; FORECASTING; HUMAN; MALE; MOTIVATION; SELF CONCEPT; TIME; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; FEMALE; FORECASTING; HUMANS; JUDGMENT; MALE; MOTIVATION; SELF CONCEPT; TIME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84930518955     PISSN: 09567976     EISSN: 14679280     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0956797615572231     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Ariely D.,Wertenbroch K.Procrastination, deadlines, and performance: Self-control by precommitment.Psychological Science. 2002;13:219-224
2. Ballard K.,Knutson B.Dissociable neural representations of future reward magnitude and delay during temporal discounting.NeuroImage. 2009;45:143-150
3. Bertrand M.,Mullainathan S.,Shafir E.A behavioral-economics view of poverty.The American Economic Review. 2004;94:419-423
4. Carter E. C.,McCullough M. E.,Kim-Spoon J.,Corrales C.,Blake A.Religious people discount the future less.Evolution and Human Behavior. 2012;33:224-231
5. Casasanto D.,Boroditsky L.Time in the mind: Using space to think about time.Cognition. 2008;106:579-593
6. Chapman G. B.,Elstein A. S.Valuing the future temporal discounting of health and money.Medical Decision Making. 1995;15:373-386
7. Chen M. K.The effect of language on economic behavior: Evidence from savings rates, health behaviors, and retirement assets.The American Economic Review. 2012;103:690-731
8. Destin M.,Oyserman D.Incentivizing education: Seeing schoolwork as an investment, not a chore.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2010;46:846-849
9. Duckworth A. L.,Seligman M. E. P.Self-discipline outdoes IQ in predicting academic performance of adolescents.Psychological Science. 2005;16:939-944
10. Elliott W.Children’s college aspirations and expectations: The potential role of children’s development accounts (CDAs).Children and Youth Services Review. 2009;31:274-283
11. Furlong E. E.,Opfer J. E.Cognitive constraints on how economic rewards affect cooperation.Psychological Science. 2009;20:11-16
12. Gollwitzer P. M.,Sheeran P.Advances in experimental social psychology. Zanna M. P., ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2006:69-119.
13. Hayes A. F.Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2013:
14. Hershfield H. E.,Goldstein D. G.,Sharpe W. F.,Fox J.,Yeykelis L.,Carstensen L. L.,Bailenson J. N.Increasing saving behavior through age-progressed renderings of the future self.Journal of Marketing Research. 2011;48:S23-S37
15. Higgins E. T.The aboutness principle: A pervasive influence on human inference.Social Cognition. 1998;16:173-198
16. Kirby K. N.,Petry N. M.,Bickel W. K.Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 1999;128:78-87
17. Landau M.,Oyserman D.,Keefer L.,Smith G. C.The college journey and academic engagement: How metaphor use enhances identity-based motivation.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2014;106:679-698
18. Landis J. R.,Koch G. G.The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data.Biometrics. 1977;33:159-174
19. Munnell A. H.,Webb A.,Golub-Sass F. N.Is there really a retirement savings crisis? An NRRI analysis. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for Retirement Research, Boston College; 2007:
20. Munnell A. H.,Webb A.,Golub-Sass F. N.The National Retirement Risk Index: After the crash. Chestnut Hill, MA: Center for Retirement Research, Boston College; 2009:
21. Nurra C.,Oyserman D.From future self to current action. 2015;:
22. Oyserman D.Handbook of social psychology. 2007. Social identity and self-regulation. In KruglanskiA.HigginsT. (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (2nd ed., pp. 432–453). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Kruglanski A.Higgins T., ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2007:432-453.
23. Oyserman D.Identity-based motivation and consumer behavior.Journal of Consumer Psychology. 2009a;19:276-279
24. Oyserman D.Identity-based motivation: Implications for action-readiness, procedural-readiness, and consumer behavior.Journal of Consumer Psychology. 2009b;19:250-260
25. Oyserman D.Not just any path: Implications of identity-based motivation for disparities in school outcomes.Economics of Education Review. 2013;33:179-190
26. Oyserman D.Pathways to success through identity-based motivation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2015:
27. Oyserman D.,Destin M.,Novin S.The context-sensitive future self: Possible selves motivate in context, not otherwise.Self and Identity. 2015;14:173-188
28. Schwarz N.Cognition and communication: Judgmental biases, research methods, and the logic of conversation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1996:
29. Sirois F. M.Procrastination and intentions to perform health behaviors: The role of self-efficacy and the consideration of future consequences.Personality and Individual Differences. 2004;37:115-128
30. Smith G. C.,Oyserman D.Just not worth my time? Experienced difficulty and time investment.Social Cognition. 2015;:
31. Thaler R. H.,Benartzi S.Save More Tomorrow™: Using behavioral economics to increase employee saving.Journal of Political Economy. 2004;112:S164-S187
32. Thaler R. H.,Sunstein C. R.Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 2008:
33. Trope Y.,Liberman N.Construal level theory of psychological distance.Psychological Review. 2010;117:440-463
34. Zhao X.,Lynch J. G.,Chen Q.Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis.Journal of Consumer Research. 2010;37:197-206