Sensitivity and specificity of EtG in hair as a marker of chronic excessive drinking: Pooled analysis of raw data and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Volumn 36, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 560-575

  Boscolo Berto, Rafael ^a   Favretto, Donata ^a   Cecchetto, Giovanni ^a   Vincenti, Marco ^b,c   Kronstrand, Robert ^d   Ferrara, S Davide ^a   Viel, Guido ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^c Centro Regionale Antidoping e di Tossicologia A Bertinaria   (Italy)

^d Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology   (Sweden)

Author keywords

alcohol abuse; EtG; ethyl glucuronide; hair; meta analysis

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; ETHYL GLUCURONIDE; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; GLUCURONIC ACID;

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; HAIR ANALYSIS; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCALP HAIR; SELF REPORT; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; ALCOHOLISM; CHEMISTRY; HAIR; METABOLISM;

ALCOHOL DRINKING; ALCOHOLISM; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; GLUCURONATES; HAIR; HUMANS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 84930182642     PISSN: 01634356     EISSN: 15363694     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000063     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Viel G, Boscolo-Berto R, Cecchetto G, et al. Phosphatidylethanol in blood as a marker of chronic alcohol use. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13:14788-14812.
2. Wurst FM, Skipper GE, Weinmann W. Ethyl glucuronide-the direct ethanol metabolite on the threshold from science to routine use. Addiction. 2003;98(suppl 2):51-61.
3. Morini L, Politi L, Acito S, et al. Comparison of ethyl glucuronide in hair with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum as markers of chronic high levels of alcohol consumption. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;188:140-143.
4. Nalesso A, Viel G, Cecchetto G, et al. Quantitative profiling of phosphatidylethanol molecular species in human blood by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2011;1218: 8423-8431.
5. Tagliaro F, Bortolotti F, Viel G, et al. Caveats against an improper use of hair testing to support the diagnosis of chronic excessive alcohol consumption, following the "Consensus" of the Society of Hair Testing 2009 [Forensic Science International 196 (2010) 2]. Forensic Sci Int. 2011; 207:e69-e70.
6. Boscolo-Berto R, Viel G, Montisci M, et al. Ethylglucuronide concentration in hair for detecting heavy drinking and/or abstinence. A metaanalysis. Int J Legal Med. 2013;127:611-619.
7. Kerekes I, Yegles M, Grimm U, et al. Ethyl glucuronide determination: head hair versus non-head hair. Alcohol Alcohol. 2009;44:62-66.
8. Favretto D, Nalesso A, Frison G, et al. A novel and an effective analytical approach for the LC-MS determination of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate in urine. Int J Legal Med. 2010;124:161-164.
9. Boscolo-Berto R, Viel G, Cecchi R, et al. Journals publishing biomedicolegal research in Europe. Int J Legal Med. 2012;126:129-137.
10. Ferrara SD, Bajanowski T, Cecchi R, et al. Bio-medicolegal scientific research in Europe: A comprehensive bibliometric overview. Int J Legal Med. 2011;125:393-402.
11. Politi L, Morini L, Leone F, et al. Ethyl glucuronide in hair: is it a reliable marker of chronic high levels of alcohol consumption? Addiction. 2006; 101:1408-1412.
12. Pragst F, Rothe M, Moench B, et al. Combined use of fatty acid ethyl esters and ethyl glucuronide in hair for diagnosis of alcohol abuse: interpretation and advantages. Forensic Sci Int. 2010;196:101-110.
13. Morini L, Politi L, Polettini A. Ethyl glucuronide in hair. A sensitive and specific marker of chronic heavy drinking. Addiction. 2009;104:915-920.
14. Viel G, Boscolo-Berto R, Cecchi R, et al. Bio-medicolegal scientific research in Europe. A country-based analysis. Int J Legal Med. 2011; 125:717-725.
15. Pirro V, Di Corcia D, Pellegrino S, et al. A study of distribution of ethyl glucuronide in different keratin matrices. Forensic Sci Int. 2011;210:271-277.
16. Janda I, Weinmann W, Kuehnle T, et al. Determination of ethyl glucuronide in human hair by SPE and LC-MS/MS. Forensic Sci Int. 2002; 128:59-65.
17. Kharbouche H, Faouzi M, Sanchez N, et al. Diagnostic performance of ethyl glucuronide in hair for the investigation of alcohol drinking behavior: A comparison with traditional biomarkers. Int J Legal Med. 2012;126: 243-250.
18. Kronstrand R, Brinkhagen L, Nystrom FH. Ethyl glucuronide in human hair after daily consumption of 16 or 32 g of ethanol for 3 months. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;215:51-55.
19. Lees R, Kingston R, Williams TM, et al. Comparison of ethyl glucuronide in hair with self-reported alcohol consumption. Alcohol Alcohol. 2012;47:267-272.
20. Shi Y, Shen B, Xiang P, et al. Determination of ethyl glucuronide in hair samples of Chinese people by protein precipitation (PPT) and large volume injection-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LVI-GC/ MS/MS). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2010;878: 3161-3166.
21. Yegles M, Labarthe A, Auwärter V, et al. Comparison of ethyl glucuronide and fatty acid ethyl ester concentrations in hair of alcoholics, social drinkers and teetotallers. Forensic Sci Int. 2004;145:167-173.
22. Lamoureux F, Gaulier JM, Sauvage FL, et al. Determination of ethylglucuronide in hair for heavy drinking detection using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry following solid-phase extraction. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009;394:1895-1901.
23. Schrader J, Rothe M, Pragst F. Ethyl glucuronide concentrations in beard hair after a single alcohol dose: evidence for incorporation in hair root. Int J Legal Med. 2012;126:791-799.
24. Agius R, Nadulski T, Kahl HG, et al. Ethyl glucuronide in hair-a highly effective test for the monitoring of alcohol consumption. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;218:10-14.
25. Pirro V, Valente V, Oliveri P, et al. Chemometric evaluation of nine alcohol biomarkers in a large population of clinically-classified subjects: pre-eminence of ethyl glucuronide concentration in hair for confirmatory classification. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011;401:2153-2164.
26. Alt A, Janda I, Seidl S, et al. Determination of ethyl glucuronide in hair samples. Alcohol Alcohol. 2000;35:313-314.
27. Appenzeller BM, Agirman R, Neuberg P, et al. Segmental determination of ethyl glucuronide in hair: A pilot study. Forensic Sci Int. 2007;173:87-92.
28. Morini L, Zucchella A, Polettini A, et al. Effect of bleaching on ethyl glucuronide in hair: An in vitro experiment. Forensic Sci Int. 2010;198: 23-27.
29. Suesse S, Pragst F, Mieczkowski T, et al. Practical experiences in application of hair fatty acid ethyl esters and ethyl glucuronide for detection of chronic alcohol abuse in forensic cases. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;218:82-91.
30. Gareri J, Appenzeller B, Walasek P, et al. Impact of hair-care products on FAEE hair concentrations in substance abuse monitoring. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011;400:183-188.
31. Kerekes I, Yegles M. Coloring, bleaching, and perming: influence on EtG content in hair. Ther Drug Monit. 2013;35:527-529.
32. Kintz P, Villain M, Vallet E, et al. Ethyl glucuronide: unusual distribution between head hair and pubic hair. Forensic Sci Int. 2008;176:87-90.
33. Pragst F, Yegles M. Determination of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair: A promising way for retrospective detection of alcohol abuse during pregnancy? Ther Drug Monit. 2008;30:255-263.
34. Albermann ME, Musshoff F, Madea B. A fully validated highperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of ethyl glucuronide in hair for the proof of strict alcohol abstinence. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2010;396:2441-2447.
35. Bendroth P, Kronstrand R, Helander A, et al. Comparison of ethyl glucuronide in hair with phosphatidylethanol in whole blood as post-mortem markers of alcohol abuse. Forensic Sci Int. 2008;176:76-81.
36. Kintz P. Consensus of the Society of Hair Testing on hair testing for chronic excessive alcohol consumption 2009. Forensic Sci Int. 2010;196:2.
37. Kintz P. Consensus of the Society of Hair Testing on hair testing for chronic excessive alcohol consumption 2011. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;218:2.
38. Aronoff GR, Berns JS, Brier ME, et al. Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure: Dosing Guidelines for Adults. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: American College of Physicians; 1999.
39. Crunelle CL, Yegles M, Nuijs AL, et al. Hair ethyl glucuronide levels as a marker for alcohol use and abuse: A review of the current state of the art. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;134:1-11.
40. Pragst F. Interpretation problems in a forensic case of abstinence determination using alcohol markers in hair. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;217:e4-e7.
41. Pirro V, Di Corcia D, Seganti F, et al. Determination of ethyl glucuronide levels in hair for the assessment of alcohol abstinence. Forensic Sci Int. 2013;232:229-236.
42. Pirro V, Oliveri P, Sciutteri B, et al. Multivariate strategies for screening evaluation of harmful drinking. Bioanalysis. 2013;5:687-699.
43. Boscolo-Berto R, Viel G, Montagnese S, et al. Narcolepsy and effectiveness of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB): A systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Med Rev. 2012;16:431-443.
44. Boscolo-Berto R. Clinical testing and evidence-based medicine: when the absence of evidence doesn't mean evidence of absence. G Ital Nefrol. 2009;26:417.
45. Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2011;343: d5928.
46. Reitsma JB, Glas AS, Rutjes AW, et al. Bivariate analysis of sensitivity and specificity produces informative summary measures in diagnostic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol. 2005;58:982-990.
47. Arends LR, Hamza TH, van Houwelingen JC, et al. Bivariate random effects meta-analysis of ROC curves. Med Decis Making. 2008;28:621-638.
48. Begg CB, Mazumdar M. Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics. 1994;50:1088-1101.
49. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, et al. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629-634.
50. Duval S, Tweedie R. Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics. 2000;56:455-463.
51. Ferrara SD, Favretto D, Montisci M, et al. Prevalence of Alcohol and Other Psychoactive Substances in Drivers in General Traffic. Country Report Italy. DRUID Deliverable D 2. 2. 3. 2011:108-123.
52. Li J, Fine J. On sample size for sensitivity and specificity in prospective diagnostic accuracy studies. Stat Med. 2004;23:2537-2550.
53. Obuchowski NA, Zhou XH. Prospective studies of diagnostic test accuracy when disease prevalence is low. Biostatistics. 2002;3:477-492.
54. Zhou XH, Obuchowski NA, McClish DK. Statistical Methods in Diagnostic Medicine. New York, NY: Wiley-Blackwell; 2002.
55. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000097.
56. Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, et al. QUADAS-2: A revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:529-536.
57. Høiseth G, Morini L, Ganss R, Nordal K, Morland J. Higher levels of hair ethyl glucuronide in patients with decreased kidney function. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2013;37Suppl1:E14-E16.
58. Hanley JA, McNeil BJ. The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Radiology. 1982;143:29-36.
59. Choi BC. Slopes of a receiver operating characteristic curve and likelihood ratios for a diagnostic test. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;148: 1127-1132.
60. Vincenti M, Salomone A, Pirro V. How has screening of harmful drinking changed over the years? Bioanalysis. 2013;5:2981-2983.
61. Pragst F, Balikova MA. State of the art in hair analysis for detection of drug and alcohol abuse. Clin Chim Acta. 2006;370:17-49.