Population-based passive tick surveillance and detection of expanding foci of blacklegged ticks Ixodes scapularis and the lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi in Ontario, Canada

PLoS ONE

Volumn 9, Issue 8, 2014, Pages

  Nelder, Mark P ^a   Russell, Curtis ^a   Lindsay, L Robbin ^b   Dhar, Badal ^a   Patel, Samir N ^a,c   Johnson, Steven ^a   Moore, Stephen ^a   Kristjanson, Erik ^a   Li, Ye ^a,d   Ralevski, Filip ^a  

^a PUBLIC HEALTH ONTARIO   (Canada)

^b PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY OF CANADA   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMBLYOMMA CAJENNENSE; AMBLYOMMA INORNATUM; ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM CARRIER; BACTERIUM DETECTION; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; BIOSURVEILLANCE; BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; CANADA; DERMACENTOR ANDERSONI; DERMACENTOR VARIABILIS; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HAEMAPHYSALIS PUNCTATA; IXODES COOKEI; IXODES PACIFICUS; IXODES RICINUS; IXODES SCAPULARIS; IXODIDAE; LYME DISEASE; NONHUMAN; SEASONAL VARIATION; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; ADULT; AGED; ANIMAL; CHILD; CLASSIFICATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFANT; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; IXODES; MALE; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; PRESCHOOL CHILD; TICK; TICK-BORNE DISEASES;

ADULT; AGED; ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; ANIMALS; BORRELIA BURGDORFERI; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; IXODES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; ONTARIO; TICK-BORNE DISEASES; TICKS;

EID: 84929519092     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105358     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Telford SR, Dawson JE, Halupka K (1997) Emergence of tickborne diseases. Sci Med 4: 24-33.
2. Ogden NH, Lindsay LR, Morshed M, Sockett PN, Artsob H (2009) The emergence of Lyme disease in Canada. CMAJ 180: 1221-1224.
3. Ogden NH, St-Onge L, Barker IK, Brazeau S, Bigras-Poulin M, et al. (2008) Risk maps for range expansion of the Lyme disease vector, Ixodes scapularis, in Canada now and with climate change. Int J Health Geogr 7: 24.
4. Leighton PA, Koffi JK, Pelcat Y, Lindsay LR, Ogden NH (2012) Predicting the speed of tick invasion: an empirical model of range expansion for the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis in Canada. J Appl Ecol 49: 457-464.
5. Spielman A (1994) The emergence of Lyme disease and human babesiosis in a changing environment. Ann NY Acad Sci 740: 146-156.
6. Ogden NH, Maarouf A, Barker IK, Bigras-Poulin M, Lindsay LR, et al. (2006) Climate change and the potential for range expansion of the Lyme disease vector Ixodes scapularis in Canada. Int J Parasitol 36: 63-70. (Pubitemid 43049698)
7. Watson TG, Anderson RC (1976) Ixodes scapularis Say on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Long Point, Ontario. J Wildl Dis 12: 66-71.
8. Scott JD, Fernando K, Durden LA, Morshed MG (2004) Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, endemic in epicenter at Turkey Point, Ontario. J Med Entomol 41: 226-230. (Pubitemid 38403264)
9. Barker IK, Lindsay LR (2000) Lyme borreliosis in Ontario: determining the risks. CMAJ 162: 1573-1574. (Pubitemid 30412379)
10. Barker IK, Surgeoner GA, McEwen SA, Artsob H (1988) Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, in tick vectors and wildlife reservoirs in Southern Ontario. Ontario Disease Surveillance Report 9: 151.
11. Scholten T (1977) Human tick infestations in Ontario: findings at the Toronto Public Health Laboratory, 1967-1977. Can J Public Health 68: 494-496.
12. Ogden NH, Bouchard C, Kurtenbach K, Margos G, Lindsay LR, et al. (2010) Active and passive surveillance and phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi elucidate the process of Lyme disease risk emergence in Canada. Environ Health Perspect 118: 909-914.
13. Ogden NH, Trudel L, Artsob H, Barker IK, Beauchamp G, et al. (2006) Ixodes scapularis ticks collected by passive surveillance in Canada: analysis of geographic distribution and infection with Lyme borreliosis agent Borrelia burgdorferi . J Med Entomol 43: 600-609. (Pubitemid 44734956)
14. Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. (2009) Initial report on public health. Toronto (Ontario): Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care.
15. Wadkins L (2011) The forest resources of Ontario 2011. Sault Ste. Marie (Ontario): Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 307 p.
16. Ogden NH, Lindsay LR, Hanincova K, Barker IK, Bigras-Poulin M, et al. (2008) Role of migratory birds in introduction and range expansion of Ixodes scapularis ticks and of Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Canada. Appl Environ Microbiol 74: 1780-1790. (Pubitemid 351400132)
17. Courtney JW, Kostelnik LM, Zeidner NS, Massung RF (2004) Multiplex realtime PCR for detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi. J Clin Microbiol 42: 3164-3168. (Pubitemid 38938075)
18. Zar JH, editor. (1996) Biostatistical analysis. Englewood Cliffs (New Jersey): Prentice Hall.
19. Statistics Canada. (2007) 2006 census release topics. http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/index-eng.cfm
20. Rand PW, Lacombe EH, Dearborn R, Cahill B, Elias S, et al. (2007) Passive surveillance in Maine, an area emergent for tick-borne diseases. J Med Entomol 44: 1118-1129. (Pubitemid 350208247)
21. Walker ED, Stobierski MG, Poplar ML, Smith TW, Murphy AJ, et al. (1998) Geographic distribution of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Michigan, with emphasis on Ixodes scapularis and Borrelia burgdorferi. J Med Entomol 35: 872-882. (Pubitemid 128463460)
22. Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. (2011) Let's target lyme. http://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/ms/lyme/
23. Sonenshine DE (1979) Insects of Virginia No. 13. Ticks of Virginia (Acari: Metastigmata). Res Div Bull 139.
24. Sonenshine DE (1993) Biology of ticks. Volume 2. New York: Oxford University Press. 482 p.
25. Artsob H (1996) Tick-transmitted human disease threats in Canada. Germs & Ideas 2: 35-39.
26. Artsob H, Spence L, Surgeoner G, McCreadie J, Thorsen J, et al. (1984) Isolation of Francisella tularensis and Powassan virus from ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Ontario, Canada. J Med Entomol 21: 165-168.
27. Kwiecinski G (1998) Mammalian species account No. 591: Marmota monax. The American Society of Mammalogists. 8p.
28. Birge J, Sonnesyn S (2012) Powassan virus encephalitis, Minnesota, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 18: 1669-1671.
29. Means RG, White DJ (1997) New distribution records of Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) in New York State. J Vector Ecol 22: 133-145. (Pubitemid 127525599)
30. Koffi JK, Leighton PA, Pelcat Y, Trudel L, Lindsay LR, et al. (2012) Passive surveillance for I. scapularis ticks: enhanced analysis for early detection of emerging Lyme disease risk. J Med Entomol 49: 400-409.
31. Childs JE, Paddock CD (2003) The ascendancy of Amblyomma americanum as a vector of pathogens affecting humans in the United States. Annu Rev Entomol 48: 307-337. (Pubitemid 37374923)
32. Vazquez M, Muehlenbein C, Cartter M, et al. (2008) Effectiveness of personal protective measures to prevent Lyme disease. Emerg Inf Dis 14: 210-216. (Pubitemid 351213669)
33. Phillips CB, Liang MH, Sangha O, Wright EA, Fossel AH, et al. (2001) Lyme disease and preventive behaviors in residents of Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. Am J Prev Med 20: 219-224. (Pubitemid 32223903)
34. Ertel S-H, Nelson RS, Cartter ML (2012) Effect of surveillance method on reported characteristics of Lyme disease, Connecticut, 1996-2007. Emerg Inf Dis 18: 242-247.
35. Ginsberg HS (1993) Distribution and spread: geographical spread of I. scapularis and B. burgdorferi . In: Ginsberg HS, editor. Ecology and environmental management of Lyme disease. New Brunswick (New Jersey): Rutgers University Press.
36. Schulze TL, Jordan RA, Hung RW, Puelle RS, Markowski D, et al. (2003) Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) in Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) adults in New Jersey, 2000-2001. J Med Entomol 40: 555-558. (Pubitemid 38390778)
37. Magnarelli LA, Anderson JF, Apperson CS, Fish D, Johnson RC, et al. (1986) Spirochetes in ticks and antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in white-tailed deer from Connecticut, New York State, and North Carolina. J Wildl Dis 22: 178-188.
38. Lindsay LR, Mathison SW, Barker IK, McEwen SA, Surgeoner GA (1999) Abundance of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) larvae and nymphs in relation to host density and habitat on Long Point, Ontario. J Med Entomol 36: 243-254. (Pubitemid 129552492)
39. Dibernardo A, Cote T, Ogden NH, Lindsay LR (2014). The prevalence of Borrelia miyamotoi infection, and co-infections with other Borrelia spp. in Ixodes scapularis ticks collected in Canada. Parasites & Vectors 7:183.
40. Schwan TG, Piesman J (2002) Vector interactions and molecular adaptations of Lyme disease and relapsing fever spirochetes associated with transmission by ticks. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 115-121. (Pubitemid 34202432)
41. Public Health Ontario. (2013) Vector-borne diseases 2012 summary report. Toronto (Ontario): Public Health Ontario.
42. Environment Canada. Bioclimate of Ontario: annual degree days above 0uC. http://www.utoronto.ca/imap/collections/climate-and-biota/maps/Dd0ann5.jpg
43. Wilkinson PR (1967) The distribution of Dermacentor ticks in Canada in relation to bioclimatic zones. Can J Zool 45: 517-537.
44. Gregson JD. The Ixodoidea of Canada. Can Dept Agri Publ 930: 92.
45. Bequaert JC (1945) The ticks, or Ixodoidea, of the Northeastern United States and Eastern Canada. Entomol Amer 25: 73-225.