Molecular characterization of a multidrug resistance IncF plasmid from the globally disseminated escherichia coli ST131 clone

PLoS ONE

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2015, Pages

  Phan, Minh Duy ^a   Forde, Brian M ^a   Peters, Kate M ^a   Sarkar, Sohinee ^a   Hancock, Steven ^a   Stanton Cook, Mitchell ^a   Zakour, Nouri L Ben ^a   Upton, Mathew ^b   Beatson, Scott A ^a   Schembri, Mark A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^b PLYMOUTH UNIVERSITY PENINSULA SCHOOLS OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIAL STRAIN; ESCHERICHIA COLI; EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION; GENETIC CODE; INCF GENE; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE; MUTAGENESIS; NONHUMAN; PHYLOGENETIC TREE; PLASMID; REPLICON; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; TRANSPOSON; BACTERIAL GENOME; DNA SEQUENCE; DRUG EFFECTS; ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS; GENETICS; HUMAN; MICROBIOLOGY; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PATHOGENICITY;

ESCHERICHIA COLI;

BETA LACTAMASE; TRANSPOSON;

BASE SEQUENCE; BETA-LACTAMASES; DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE, BACTERIAL; ESCHERICHIA COLI; ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTIONS; GENOME, BACTERIAL; HUMANS; MUTAGENESIS; PLASMIDS; REPLICON; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA;

EID: 84929497327     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122369     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Rogers BA, Sidjabat HE, Paterson DL. Escherichia coli O25b-ST131: a pandemic, multiresistant, community-associated strain. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011; 66(1):1-14. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq415 PMID: 21081548
2. Nicolas-Chanoine MH, Bertrand X, Madec JY. Escherichia coli ST131, an intriguing clonal group. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014; 27(3):543-74. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00125-13 PMID: 24982321
3. Nicolas-Chanoine MH, Blanco J, Leflon-Guibout V, Demarty R, Alonso MP, Canica MM, et al. Intercontinental emergence of Escherichia coli clone O25:H4-ST131 producing CTX-M-15. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008; 61(2):273-81. PMID: 18077311
4. Coque TM, Novais A, Carattoli A, Poirel L, Pitout J, Peixe L, et al. Dissemination of clonally related Escherichia coli strains expressing extended-spectrum β-lactamase CTX-M-15. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008; 14(2):195-200. doi: 10.3201/eid1402.070350 PMID: 18258110
5. Lau SH, Kaufmann ME, Livermore DM, Woodford N, Willshaw GA, Cheasty T, et al. UK epidemic Escherichia coli strains A-E, with CTX-M-15 β-lactamase, all belong to the international O25:H4-ST131 clone. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008; 62(6):1241-4. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkn380 PMID: 18779256
6. Johnson JR, Johnston B, Clabots C, Kuskowski MA, Pendyala S, Debroy C, et al. Escherichia coli sequence type ST131 as an emerging fluoroquinolone-resistant uropathogen among renal transplant recipients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010; 54(1):546-50. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01089-09 PMID: 19917759
7. Uchida Y, Mochimaru T, Morokuma Y, Kiyosuke M, Fujise M, Eto F, et al. Clonal spread in Eastern Asia of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli serogroup O25 strains, and associated virulence factors. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2010; 35(5):444-50. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.12.012 PMID: 20188525
8. Price LB, Johnson JR, Aziz M, Clabots C, Johnston B, Tchesnokova V, et al. The epidemic of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli ST131 is driven by a single highly pathogenic subclone, H30-Rx. MBio. 2013; 4(6):e00377-13. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00377-13 PMID: 24345742
9. Petty NK, Ben Zakour NL, Stanton-Cook M, Skippington E, Totsika M, Forde BM, et al. Global dissemination of a multidrug resistant Escherichia coli clone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014; 111(15):5694-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1322678111 PMID: 24706808
10. Woodford N, Carattoli A, Karisik E, Underwood A, Ellington MJ, Livermore DM. Complete nucleotide sequences of plasmids pEK204, pEK499, and pEK516, encoding CTX-M enzymes in three major Escherichia coli lineages from the United Kingdom, all belonging to the international O25:H4-ST131 clone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009; 53(10):4472-82. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00688-09 PMID: 19687243
11. Bonnin RA, Poirel L, Carattoli A, Nordmann P. Characterization of an IncFII plasmid encoding NDM-1 from Escherichia coli ST131. PLoS One. 2012; 7(4):e34752. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034752 PMID: 22511964
12. Boyd DA, Tyler S, Christianson S, McGeer A, Muller MP, Willey BM, et al. Complete nucleotide sequence of a 92-kilobase plasmid harboring the CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase involved in an outbreak in long-term-care facilities in Toronto, Canada. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004; 48(10):3758-64. PMID: 15388431
13. Andersen PS, Stegger M, Aziz M, Contente-Cuomo T, Gibbons HS, Keim P, et al. Complete genome sequence of the epidemic and highly virulent CTX-M-15-producing H30-Rx subclone of Escherichia coli ST131. Genome announcements. 2013; 1(6).
14. Smet A, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Vandekerckhove TT, Martel A, Deforce D, Butaye P, et al. Complete nucleotide sequence of CTX-M-15-plasmids from clinical Escherichia coli isolates: insertional events of transposons and insertion sequences. PLoS One. 2010; 5(6):e11202. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011202 PMID: 20585456
15. Zong Z. Complete sequence of pJIE186-2, a plasmid carrying multiple virulence factors from a sequence type 131 Escherichia coli O25 strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013; 57(1):597-600. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01081-12 PMID: 23070168
16. Chen L, Hu H, Chavda KD, Zhao S, Liu R, Liang H, et al. Complete sequence of a KPC-producing IncN multidrug-resistant plasmid from an epidemic Escherichia coli sequence type 131 strain in China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014; 58(4):2422-5. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02587-13 PMID: 24395232
17. Partridge SR, Ellem JA, Tetu SG, Zong Z, Paulsen IT, Iredell JR. Complete sequence of pJIE143, a pirtype plasmid carrying ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-15 from an Escherichia coli ST131 isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011; 55(12):5933-5. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00639-11 PMID: 21911569
18. Forde BM, Ben Zakour NL, Stanton-Cook M, Phan MD, Totsika M, Peters KM, et al. The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli EC958: a high quality reference sequence for the globally disseminated multidrug resistant E. coli O25b:H4-ST131 clone. PLoS One. 2014; 9(8):e104400. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104400 PMID: 25126841
19. Totsika M, Beatson SA, Sarkar S, Phan MD, Petty NK, Bachmann N, et al. Insights into a multidrug resistant Escherichia coli pathogen of the globally disseminated ST131 lineage: genome analysis and virulence mechanisms. PLoS One. 2011; 6(10):e26578. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026578 PMID: 22053197
20. Lau SH, Reddy S, Cheesbrough J, Bolton FJ, Willshaw G, Cheasty T, et al. Major uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain isolated in the northwest of England identified by multilocus sequence typing. J Clin Microbiol. 2008; 46(3):1076-80. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02065-07 PMID: 18199778
21. Totsika M, Kostakioti M, Hannan TJ, Upton M, Beatson SA, Janetka JW, et al. A FimH inhibitor prevents acute bladder infection and treats chronic cystitis caused by multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli ST131. J Infect Dis. 2013.
22. Floyd RV, Upton M, Hultgren SJ, Wray S, Burdyga TV, Winstanley C. Escherichia coli-mediated impairment of ureteric contractility is uropathogenic E. coli specific. J Infect Dis. 2012; 206(10):1589-96. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis554 PMID: 23002447
23. Phan M-D, Peters KM, Sarkar S, Lukowski SW, Allsopp LP, Moriel DG, et al. The Serum Resistome of a Globally Disseminated Multidrug Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Clone. PLoS Genet. 2013; 9(10):e1003834. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003834 PMID: 24098145
24. Durfee T, Nelson R, Baldwin S, Plunkett G 3rd, Burland V, Mau B, et al. The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli DH10B: insights into the biology of a laboratory workhorse. J Bacteriol. 2008; 190(7):2597-606. doi: 10.1128/JB.01695-07 PMID: 18245285
25. CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Twenty-fourth informational supplement. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2014;CLSI document M100-S24.
26. Villa L, Garcia-Fernandez A, Fortini D, Carattoli A. Replicon sequence typing of IncF plasmids carrying virulence and resistance determinants. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010; 65(12):2518-29. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq347 PMID: 20935300
27. Carattoli A, Zankari E, Garcia-Fernandez A, Voldby Larsen M, Lund O, Villa L, et al. In silico detection and typing of Plasmids using Plasmid Finder and Plasmid Multilocus Sequence Typing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014; 58(7):3895-903. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02412-14 PMID: 24777092
28. Carver T, Harris SR, Berriman M, Parkhill J, McQuillan JA. Artemis: an integrated platform for visualization and analysis of high-throughput sequence-based experimental data. Bioinformatics. 2012; 28(4):464-9. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr703 PMID: 22199388
29. Zankari E, Hasman H, Cosentino S, Vestergaard M, Rasmussen S, Lund O, et al. Identification of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012; 67(11):2640-4. doi: 10.1093/jac/dks261 PMID: 22782487
30. Li H, Ruan J, Durbin R. Mapping short DNA sequencing reads and calling variants using mapping quality scores. Genome Res. 2008; 18(11):1851-8. doi: 10.1101/gr.078212.108 PMID: 18714091
31. Guindon S, Dufayard JF, Lefort V, Anisimova M, Hordijk W, Gascuel O. New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Systematic biology. 2010; 59(3):307-21. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syq010 PMID: 20525638
32. Anisimova M, Gascuel O. Approximate likelihood-ratio test for branches: A fast, accurate, and powerful alternative. Systematic biology. 2006; 55(4):539-52. PMID: 16785212
33. Carver T, Thomson N, Bleasby A, Berriman M, Parkhill J. DNAPlotter: circular and linear interactive genome visualization. Bioinformatics. 2009; 25(1):119-20. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btn578 PMID: 18990721
34. Sullivan MJ, Petty NK, Beatson SA. Easyfig: a genome comparison visualizer. Bioinformatics. 2011; 27(7):1009-10. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr039 PMID: 21278367
35. Krzywinski M, Schein J, Birol I, Connors J, Gascoyne R, Horsman D, et al. Circos: an information aesthetic for comparative genomics. Genome Res. 2009; 19(9):1639-45. doi: 10.1101/gr.092759.109 PMID: 19541911
36. Darzentas N. Circoletto: visualizing sequence similarity with Circos. Bioinformatics. 2010; 26(20):2620-1. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btq484 PMID: 20736339
37. Alikhan NF, Petty NK, Ben Zakour NL, Beatson SA. BLAST Ring Image Generator (BRIG): simple prokaryote genome comparisons. BMC Genomics. 2011; 12:402. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-402 PMID: 21824423
38. Lane D, de Feyter R, Kennedy M, Phua SH, Semon D. D protein of miniF plasmid acts as a repressor of transcription and as a site-specific resolvase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986; 14(24):9713-28. PMID: 3027661
39. Kline BC. A review of mini-F plasmid maintenance. Plasmid. 1985; 14(1):1-16. PMID: 3898165
40. Lane HE. Replication and incompatibility of F and plasmids in the IncFI Group. Plasmid. 1981; 5(1):100-26. PMID: 7012871
41. Womble DD, Rownd RH. Genetic and physical map of plasmid NR1: comparison with other IncFII antibiotic resistance plasmids. Microbiol Rev. 1988; 52(4):433-51. PMID: 3070319
42. Womble DD, Rownd RH. Regulation of IncFII plasmid DNA replication. A quantitative model for control of plasmid NR1 replication in the bacterial cell division cycle. J Mol Biol. 1986; 192(3):529-47. PMID: 2435919
43. Wu R, Wang X, Womble DD, Rownd RH. Suppression of replication-deficient mutants of IncFII plasmid NR1 can occur by two different mechanisms that increase expression of the repA1 gene. J Bacteriol. 1993; 175(10):3161-73. PMID: 8491730
44. Wu R, Wang X, Womble DD, Rownd RH. Expression of the repA1 gene of IncFII plasmid NR1 is translationally coupled to expression of an overlapping leader peptide. J Bacteriol. 1992; 174(23):7620-8. PMID: 1447133
45. Masai H, Kaziro Y, Arai K. Definition of oriR, the minimum DNA segment essential for initiation of R1 plasmid replication in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983; 80(22):6814-8. PMID: 6316326
46. Ohtsubo E, Feingold J, Ohtsubo H, Mickel S, Bauer W. Unidirectional replication in Escherichia coli of three small plasmids derived from R factor R12. Plasmid. 1977; 1(1):8-18. PMID: 375272
47. Silver L, Chandler M, de la Tour EB, Caro L. Origin and direction of replication of the drug resistance plasmid R100.1 and of a resistance transfer factor derivative in synchronized cultures. J Bacteriol. 1977; 131(3):929-42. PMID: 330504
48. Jiang T, Min YN, Liu W, Womble DD, Rownd RH. Insertion and deletion mutations in the repA4 region of the IncFII plasmid NR1 cause unstable inheritance. J Bacteriol. 1993; 175(17):5350-8. PMID: 8396115
49. Tanimoto K, Iino T, Ohtsubo H, Ohtsubo E. Identification of a gene, tir of R100, functionally homologous to the F3 gene of F in the inhibition of RP4 transfer. Mol Gen Genet. 1985; 198(2):356-7. PMID: 3920479
50. Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Suzuki M, Inouye M. Interference of mRNA function by sequence-specific endoribonuclease PemK. J Biol Chem. 2004; 279(20):20678-84. PMID: 15024022
51. Tsuchimoto S, Ohtsubo H, Ohtsubo E. Two genes, pemK and pemI, responsible for stable maintenance of resistance plasmid R100. J Bacteriol. 1988; 170(4):1461-6. PMID: 2832364
52. Maneewannakul S, Maneewannakul K, Ippen-Ihler K. Characterization, localization, and sequence of F transfer region products: the pilus assembly gene product TraW and a new product, TrbI. J Bacteriol. 1992; 174(17):5567-74. PMID: 1355084
53. Moore D, Maneewannakul K, Maneewannakul S, Wu JH, Ippen-Ihler K, Bradley DE. Characterization of the F-plasmid conjugative transfer gene traU. J Bacteriol. 1990; 172(8):4263-70. PMID: 2198250
54. Gerdes K, Wagner EG. RNA antitoxins. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2007; 10(2):117-24. PMID: 17376733
55. Miki T, Park JA, Nagao K, Murayama N, Horiuchi T. Control of segregation of chromosomal DNA by sex factor F in Escherichia coli. Mutants of DNA gyrase subunit A suppress letD (ccdB) product growth inhibition. J Mol Biol. 1992; 225(1):39-52. PMID: 1316444
56. Van Melderen L, Bernard P, Couturier M. Lon-dependent proteolysis of CcdA is the key control for activation of CcdB in plasmid-free segregant bacteria. Mol Microbiol. 1994; 11(6):1151-7. PMID: 8022284
57. Tsuchimoto S, Nishimura Y, Ohtsubo E. The stable maintenance system pem of plasmid R100: degradation of PemI protein may allow PemK protein to inhibit cell growth. J Bacteriol. 1992; 174(13):4205-11. PMID: 1624414
58. Pullinger GD, Lax AJ. A Salmonella dublin virulence plasmid locus that affects bacterial growth under nutrient-limited conditions. Mol Microbiol. 1992; 6(12):1631-43. PMID: 1495391
59. Moura A, Soares M, Pereira C, Leitao N, Henriques I, Correia A. INTEGRALL: a database and search engine for integrons, integrases and gene cassettes. Bioinformatics. 2009; 25(8):1096-8. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp105 PMID: 19228805
60. Montesinos I, Rodriguez-Villalobos H, De Mendonca R, Bogaerts P, Deplano A, Glupczynski Y. Molecular characterization of plasmids encoding CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase associated with the ST131 Escherichia coli clone in Belgium. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010; 65(8):1828-30. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq208 PMID: 20534625
61. Woodford N, Ward ME, Kaufmann ME, Turton J, Fagan EJ, James D, et al. Community and hospital spread of Escherichia coli producing CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamases in the UK. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004; 54(4):735-43. PMID: 15347638
62. Partridge SR, Zong Z, Iredell JR. Recombination in IS26 and Tn2 in the evolution of multiresistance regions carrying blaCTX-M-15 on conjugative IncF plasmids from Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011; 55(11):4971-8. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00025-11 PMID: 21859935
63. Dhanji H, Patel R, Wall R, Doumith M, Patel B, Hope R, et al. Variation in the genetic environments of blaCTX-M-15 in Escherichia coli from the faeces of travellers returning to the United Kingdom. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011; 66(5):1005-12. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr041 PMID: 21393166
64. Gibreel TM, Dodgson AR, Cheesbrough J, Fox AJ, Bolton FJ, Upton M. Population structure, virulence potential and antibiotic susceptibility of uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Northwest England. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012; 67(2):346-56. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr451 PMID: 22028202
65. Jacoby GA. Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones. Clin Infect Dis. 2005; 41 Suppl 2:S120-6. PMID: 15942878
66. Drlica K, Zhao X. DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, and the 4-quinolones. Microbiology and molecular biology reviews: MMBR. 1997; 61(3):377-92. PMID: 9293187
67. Lanza VF, de Toro M, Garcillan-Barcia MP, Mora A, Blanco J, Coque TM, et al. Plasmid flux in Escherichia coli ST131 sublineages, analyzed by Plasmid Constellation Network (PLACNET), a new method for plasmid reconstruction from whole genome sequences. PLoS Genet. 2014; 10(12):e1004766. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004766 PMID: 25522143
68. Langridge GC, Phan MD, Turner DJ, Perkins TT, Parts L, Haase J, et al. Simultaneous assay of every Salmonella Typhi gene using one million transposon mutants. Genome Res. 2009; 19(12):2308-16. doi: 10.1101/gr.097097.109 PMID: 19826075
69. Nordstrom K. Plasmid R1 - replication and its control. Plasmid. 2006; 55(1):1-26. PMID: 16199086
70. Ohtsubo H, Ryder TB, Maeda Y, Armstrong K, Ohtsubo E. DNA replication of the resistance plasmid R100 and its control. Advances in biophysics. 1986; 21:115-33. PMID: 3019092
71. Austin S, Wierzbicki A. Two mini-F-encoded proteins are essential for equipartition. Plasmid. 1983; 10(1):73-81. PMID: 6353453
72. Mori H, Kondo A, Ohshima A, Ogura T, Hiraga S. Structure and function of the F plasmid genes essential for partitioning. J Mol Biol. 1986; 192(1):1-15. PMID: 3029390
73. Miki T, Easton AM, Rownd RH. Cloning of replication, incompatibility, and stability functions of R plasmid NR1. J Bacteriol. 1980; 141(1):87-99. PMID: 6243631
74. Tabuchi A, Min YN, Kim CK, Fan YL, Womble DD, Rownd RH. Genetic organization and nucleotide sequence of the stability locus of IncFII plasmid NR1. J Mol Biol. 1988; 202(3):511-25. PMID: 3172224
75. Vecchiarelli AG, Hwang LC, Mizuuchi K. Cell-free study of F plasmid partition provides evidence for cargo transport by a diffusion-ratchet mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013; 110(15):E1390-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1302745110 PMID: 23479605
76. Hatano T, Yamaichi Y, Niki H. Oscillating focus of SopA associated with filamentous structure guides partitioning of F plasmid. Mol Microbiol. 2007; 64(5):1198-213. PMID: 17542915
77. Maas R, Saadi S, Maas WK. Properties and incompatibility behavior of miniplasmids derived from the bireplicon plasmid pCG86. Mol Gen Genet. 1989; 218(2):190-8. PMID: 2674652
78. Sykora P. Macroevolution of plasmids: a model for plasmid speciation. Journal of theoretical biology. 1992; 159(1):53-65. PMID: 1291811
79. Buts L, Lah J, Dao-Thi MH, Wyns L, Loris R. Toxin-antitoxin modules as bacterial metabolic stress managers. Trends in biochemical sciences. 2005; 30(12):672-9. PMID: 16257530
80. Van Melderen L, Saavedra De Bast M. Bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems: more than selfish entities? PLoS Genet. 2009; 5(3):e1000437. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000437 PMID: 19325885
81. Amitai S, Yassin Y, Engelberg-Kulka H. MazF-mediated cell death in Escherichia coli: a point of no return. J Bacteriol. 2004; 186(24):8295-300. PMID: 15576778
82. Pedersen K, Christensen SK, Gerdes K. Rapid induction and reversal of a bacteriostatic condition by controlled expression of toxins and antitoxins. Mol Microbiol. 2002; 45(2):501-10. PMID: 12123459
83. Tripathi A, Dewan PC, Barua B, Varadarajan R. Additional role for the ccd operon of F-plasmid as a transmissible persistence factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012; 109(31):12497-502. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1121217109 PMID: 22802647
84. Fiett J, Baraniak A, Izdebski R, Sitkiewicz I, Zabicka D, Meler A, et al. The first NDM metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolate in Poland: evolution of IncFII-type plasmids carrying the blaNDM-1 gene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014; 58(2):1203-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01197-13 PMID: 24247128
85. O'Hara JA, Hu F, Ahn C, Nelson J, Rivera JI, Pasculle AW, et al. Molecular epidemiology of KPC-producing Escherichia coli: occurrence of ST131-fimH30 subclone harboring pKpQIL-like IncFIIk plasmid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014; 58(7):4234-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02182-13 PMID: 24820082
86. Lou Z, Qi Y, Qian X, Yang W, Wei Z. Emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli sequence type 131 in Hangzhou, China. Chinese medical journal. 2014; 127(3):528-31. PMID: 24451962