Seed-dispersal networks on the Canaries and the Galápagos archipelagos: interaction modules as biogeographical entities

Global Ecology and Biogeography

Volumn 25, Issue 7, 2016, Pages 912-922

  Nogales, M ^a   Heleno, R ^b   Rumeu, B ^a,c   Gonzalez Castro A ^a,d   Traveset, A ^e   Vargas, P ^c   Olesen, J M ^f  

^a INSTITUTO DE PRODUCTOS NATURALES Y AGROBIOLOGÍA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA   (Portugal)

^c CSIC   (Spain)

^d UNIVERSIDAD ESTATAL AMAZÓNICA   (Ecuador)

^e INSTITUTO MEDITERRÁNEO DE ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS   (Spain)

^f AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Animal plant interaction; fleshy fruit; food web; frugivory; insular network; modularity

Indexed keywords

ARCHIPELAGO; BIOGEOGRAPHY; FOOD WEB; FRUGIVORY; FRUIT; PHYLOGENY; SEED DISPERSAL; SPECIES CONSERVATION;

CANARY ISLANDS; ECUADOR; GALAPAGOS ISLANDS; SPAIN;

EID: 84929430431     PISSN: 1466822X     EISSN: 14668238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/geb.12315     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Aizen, M.A., Sabatino, M. & Tylianakis, J.M. (2012) Specialization and rarity predict nonrandom loss of interactions from mutualist networks. Science, 335, 1486–1489.
2. Almeida-Neto, M., Guimarães, P., Guimarães, P.R., Loyola, R.D. & Ulrich, W. (2008) A consistent metric for nestedness analysis in ecological systems: reconciling concept and measurement. Oikos, 117, 1227–1239.
3. Anderson, T.K. & Sukhdeo, M.V.K. (2011) Host centrality in food web networks determines parasite diversity. PLoS ONE, 6, e0026798.
4. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, III (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 105–121.
5. Bascompte, J. & Jordano, P. (2007) Plant–animal mutualistic networks: the architecture of biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 38, 567–593.
6. Bascompte, J. & Jordano, P. (2013) Mutualistic networks. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
7. Bascompte, J. & Olesen, J.M. (in press) Mutualistic networks. Mutualism (ed. by J.L. Bronstein). Oxford University Press, Oxford.
8. Bascompte, J., Jordano, P., Melián, C.J. & Olesen, J.M. (2003) The nested assembly of plant–animal mutualistic networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 100, 9383–9387.
9. Batagelj, V. & Mrvar, A. (1998) Pajek: a program for large network analysis. Connections, 21, 47–57.
10. Blake, S., Wikelski, M., Cabrera, F., Guezou, A., Silva, M., Sadeghayobi, E., Yackulic, C.B. & Jaramillo, P. (2012) Seed dispersal by Galápagos tortoises. Journal of Biogeography, 39, 1961–1972.
11. Blake, S., Yackulic, C.B., Cabrera, F., Tapia, W., Gibbs, J.P., Kümmeth, F. & Wikelski, M. (2013) Vegetation dynamics drive segregation by body size in Galapagos tortoises migrating across altitudinal gradients. Journal of Animal Ecology, 82, 310–321.
12. Blomberg, S.P., Garland, T. & Ives, A.R. (2003) Testing for phylogenetic signal in comparative data: behavioral traits are more labile. Evolution, 57, 717–745.
13. Carstensen, D.W. & Olesen, J.M. (2009) Wallacea and its nectarivorous birds: nestedness and modules. Journal of Biogeography, 36, 1540–1550.
14. Cox, S.C., Carranza, S. & Brown, R.P. (2010) Divergence times and colonization of the Canary Islands by Gallotia lizards. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56, 747–757.
15. Dalsgaard, B., Trøjelsgaard, K., Martín González, A.M., Nogués-Bravo, D., Ollerton, J., Petanidou, T., Sandel, B., Schleuning, M., Wang, Z., Rahbek, C., Sutherland, W.J., Svenning, J.C. & Olesen, J. (2013) Historical climate-change influences modularity and nestedness of pollination networks. Ecography, 36, 1331–1340.
16. Donatti, C.I., Guimarães, P.R., Galetti, M., Pizo, M.A., Marquitti, F.M.D. & Dirzo, R. (2011) Analysis of a hyper-diverse seed dispersal network: modularity and underlying mechanisms. Ecology Letters, 14, 773–781.
17. Dunne, J.A., Williams, R.J. & Martinez, N.D. (2002) Food-web structure and network theory: the role of connectance and size. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 99, 12917–12922.
18. Fritz, S.A. & Purvis, A. (2010) Selectivity in mammalian extinction risk and threat types: a new measure of phylogenetic signal strength in binary traits. Conservation Biology, 24, 1042–1051.
19. Gómez, J.M., Perfectti, F., Abdelaziz, M., Lorite, J., Muñoz-Pajares, A.J. & Valverde, J. (2015) Evolution of pollination niches in a generalist plant clade. New Phytologist, 205, 440–453.
20. González-Castro, A., Traveset, A. & Nogales, M. (2012) Seed dispersal interactions in the Mediterranean region: contrasting patterns between islands and mainland. Journal of Biogeography, 39, 1938–1947.
21. Guerrero, A.M. & Tye, A. (2009) Darwin's finches as seed predators and dispersers. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 121, 752–764.
22. Guimerà, R. & Amaral, L.A.N. (2005) Functional cartography of complex metabolic networks. Nature, 433, 895–900.
23. Harmon, L.J., Weir, J.T., Brock, C.D., Glor, R.E. & Challenger, W. (2008) Geiger: investigating evolutionary radiations. Bioinformatics, 24, 129–131.
24. Heleno, R., Ross, G., Everard, A.M.Y., Memmott, J. & Ramos, J.A. (2011a) The role of avian ‘seed predators’ as seed dispersers. Ibis, 153, 199–203.
25. Heleno, R., Blake, S., Jaramillo, P., Traveset, A., Vargas, P. & Nogales, M. (2011b) Frugivory and seed dispersal in the Galápagos: what is the state of the art? Integrative Zoology, 6, 110–129.
26. Heleno, R., Olesen, J.M., Nogales, M., Vargas, P. & Traveset, A. (2013) Seed dispersal networks in the Galápagos and the consequences of alien plant invasions. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 280, 20122112.
27. Herrera, C.M. (1995) Plant–vertebrate seed dispersal systems in the Mediterranean: ecological, evolutionary and historical determinants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 26, 705–727.
28. Høye, T.T., Post, E., Schmidt, N.M., Trøjelsgaard, K. & Forchhammer, M.C. (2013) Shorter flowering seasons and declining abundance of flower isitors in a warmer Arctic. Nature Climate Change, 3, 759–763.
29. Jiménez-Uzcátegui, G., Márquez, C. & Snell, H.L. (2014) CDF checklist of Galapagos reptiles – FCD lista de especies de reptiles de Galápagos. Charles Darwin Foundation Galapagos species checklist (ed. by F. Bungartz, H. Herrera, P. Jaramillo, N. Tirado, G. Jiménez-Uzcátegui, D. Ruiz, A. Guézou and F. Ziemmeck). Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos. Available at: http://www.darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists/vertebrates/reptilia/ (last updated 23 January 2014).
30. Jordano, P., Bascompte, J. & Olesen, J.M. (2003) Invariant properties in coevolutionary networks of plant–animal interactions. Ecology Letters, 6, 69–81.
31. Kembel, S.W., Cowan, P.D., Helmus, M.R., Cornwell, W.K., Morlon, H., Ackerly, D.D., Blomberg, S.P. & Webb, C.O. (2010) Picante: R tools for integrating phylogenies and ecology. Bioinformatics, 26, 1463–1464.
32. Nogales, M., Nieves, C., Illera, J.C., Padilla, D.P. & Traveset, A. (2005) Effect of native and alien vertebrate frugivores on seed viability and germination patterns of Rubia fruticosa (Rubiaceae) in the eastern Canary Islands. Functional Ecology, 19, 429–436.
33. Nogales, M., Padilla, D.P., Nieves, C., Illera, J.C. & Traveset, A. (2007) Secondary seed dispersal systems, frugivorous lizards and predatory birds in insular volcanic badlands. Journal of Ecology, 95, 1394–1403.
34. Nunn, C.L. (2011) The comparative method in evolutionary anthropology and biology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
35. Olesen, J.M. & Valido, A. (2003) Lizards as pollinators and seed dispersers: an island phenomenon. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 18, 177–181.
36. Olesen, J.M., Bascompte, J., Dupont, Y.L. & Jordano, P. (2007) The modularity of pollination networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 104, 19891–19896.
37. Orme, D. (2013) The caper package: comparative analysis of phylogenetics and evolution in R. Available at: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/caper/vignettes/caper.pdf (accessed 25 April 2015).
38. Padilla, D.P., González-Castro, A. & Nogales, M. (2012) Significance and extent of secondary seed dispersal by predatory birds on oceanic islands: the case of the Canary archipelago. Journal of Ecology, 100, 416–427.
39. Paradis, E., Claude, J. & Strimmer, K. (2004) APE: analyses of phylogenetics and evolution in R language. Bioinformatics, 20, 289–290.
40. Pocock, M.J.O., Evans, D.M. & Memmott, J. (2012) The robustness and restoration of a network of ecological networks. Science, 335, 973–977.
41. Rasmussen, C., Dupont, Y.L., Mosbacher, J.B., Trøjelsgaard, K. & Olesen, J.M. (2013) Strong impact of temporal resolution on the structure of an ecological network. PLoS ONE, 8, e81694.
42. Rodriguez-Cabal, M.A., Barrios-Garcia, M.N., Amico, G.C., Aizen, M.A. & Sanders, N.J. (2013) Node-by-node disassembly of a mutualistic interaction web driven by species interactions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 110, 16503–16507.
43. Rumeu, B., Elias, R.B., Padilla, D.P., Melo, C. & Nogales, M. (2011) Differential seed dispersal systems of endemic junipers in two oceanic Macaronesian archipelagos: the influence of biogeographic and biological characteristics. Plant Ecology, 212, 911–921.
44. Schleuning, M., Blüthgen, N., Flörchinger, M., Braun, J., Schaefer, H.M. & Böhning-Gaese, K. (2011) Specialization and interaction strength in a tropical plant–frugivore network differ among forest strata. Ecology, 92, 26–36.
45. Schleuning, M., Böhning-Gaese, K., Dehling, D.M. & Burns, K.C. (2014) At a loss for birds: insularity increases asymmetry in seed-dispersal networks. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23, 385–394.
46. Sebastián-González, E., Sandel, B., Dalsgaard, B. & Guimarães, P. (2015) Macroecological trends in nestedness and modularity of seed-dispersal networks. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 24, 293–303.
47. Stouffer, D.B. & Bascompte, J. (2011) Compartmentalization increases food-web persistence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 108, 3648–3652.
48. Thébault, E. & Fontaine, C. (2010) Stability of ecological communities and the architecture of mutualistic and trophic networks. Science, 329, 853–856.
49. Traveset, A., Heleno, R., Chamorro, S., Vargas, P., McMullen, C.K., Castro-Urgal, R., Nogales, M., Herrera, H.W. & Olesen, J.M. (2013) Invaders of pollination networks in the Galápagos Islands: emergence of novel communities. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 280, 20123040.
50. Traveset, A., Olesen, J., Nogales, M., Vargas, P., Jaramillo, P., Antolin, E., Trigo, M. & Heleno, R. (2015) Bird-flower visitation networks in the Galápagos unveil a widespread interaction release. Nature Communication, 6, 6376, doi: 10.1038/ncomms7376
51. Valdovinos, F.S., Ramos-Jiliberto, R., Flores, J.D., Espinoza, C. & López, G. (2009) Structure and dynamics of pollination networks: the role of alien plants. Oikos, 118, 1190–1200.
52. Valido, A., Nogales, M. & Medina, F.M. (2003) Fleshy fruits in the diet of Canarian lizards Gallotia galloti (Lacertidae) in a xeric habitat of the island of Tenerife. Journal of Herpetology, 37, 741–747.