Comparative effectiveness of urate lowering with febuxostat versus allopurinol in gout: Analyses from large U.S. managed care cohort

Arthritis Research and Therapy

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2015, Pages

  Singh, Jasvinder A ^a,b,c,d   Akhras, Kasem S ^e   Shiozawa, Aki ^e  

^a BIRMINGHAM VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b University of Alabama at Birmingham   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^d Mayo Clinic College of Medicine   (United States)

^e Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Allopurinol; Comparative effectiveness; Febuxostat; Gout; Serum urate

Indexed keywords

ALLOPURINOL; COLCHICINE; FEBUXOSTAT; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; STEROID; URATE; ANTIGOUT AGENT; CREATININE; URIC ACID;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ARTICLE; CHARLSON COMORBIDITY INDEX; COMORBIDITY; COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS; FEMALE; GOUT; HUMAN; INSURANCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEASUREMENT; MEDICARE; MIDDLE AGED; PRESCRIPTION; PROPENSITY SCORE; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; URIC ACID BLOOD LEVEL; BLOOD; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG ADMINISTRATION; ECONOMICS; HEALTH INSURANCE; REFERENCE VALUE; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNITED STATES;

AGED; ALLOPURINOL; COHORT STUDIES; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; CREATININE; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; FEBUXOSTAT; FEMALE; GOUT; GOUT SUPPRESSANTS; HUMANS; MALE; MANAGED CARE PROGRAMS; MEDICARE; REFERENCE VALUES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNITED STATES; URIC ACID;

EID: 84929161762     PISSN: 14786354     EISSN: 14786362     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0624-3     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Zhu Y, Pandya BJ, Choi HK. Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63:3136-41.
2. Helmick CG, Felson DT, Lawrence RC, Gabriel S, Hirsch R, Kwoh CK, et al. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. Part I. Arthritis Rheum Jan. 2008;58:15-25.
3. Roddy E, Zhang W, Doherty M. Is gout associated with reduced quality of life? A case-control study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46:1441-4.
4. Singh JA, Strand V. Gout is associated with more comorbidities, poorer health-related quality of life and higher health care utilization in US veterans. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:1310-6.
5. Lee SJ, Hirsch JD, Terkeltaub R, Khanna D, Singh JA, Sarkin A, et al. Perceptions of disease and health-related quality of life among patients with gout. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009;48:582-6.
6. Choi HK, Curhan G. Independent impact of gout on mortality and risk for coronary heart disease. Circulation. 2007;116:894-900.
7. Krishnan E. Gout and the risk for incident heart failure and systolic dysfunction. BMJ Open. 2012;2:e000282.
8. Krishnan E, Baker JF, Furst DE, Schumacher HR. Gout and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:2688-96.
9. Krishnan E, Svendsen K, Neaton JD, Grandits G, Kuller LH. Long-term cardiovascular mortality among middle-aged men with gout. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1104-10.
10. Neogi T. Clinical practice. Gout N Engl J Med. 2011;364:443-52.
11. Shoji A, Yamanaka H, Kamatani N. A retrospective study of the relationship between serum urate level and recurrent attacks of gouty arthritis: evidence for reduction of recurrent gouty arthritis with antihyperuricemic therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;51:321-5.
12. Sundy JS, Baraf HS, Yood RA, Edwards NL, Gutierrez-Urena SR, Treadwell EL, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of pegloticase for the treatment of chronic gout in patients refractory to conventional treatment: two randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2011;306:711-20.
13. Halpern R, Fuldeore MJ, Mody RR, Patel PA, Mikuls TR. The effect of serum urate on gout flares and their associated costs: an administrative claims analysis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2009;15:3-7.
14. Wu EQ, Patel PA, Mody RR, Yu AP, Cahill KE, Tang J, et al. Frequency, risk, and cost of gout-related episodes among the elderly: does serum uric acid level matter? J Rheumatol May. 2009;36:1032-40.
15. Wu EQ, Patel PA, Yu AP, Mody RR, Cahill KE, Tang J, et al. Disease-related and all-cause health care costs of elderly patients with gout. J Manag Care Pharm. 2008;14:164-75.
16. Singh JA, Sarkin A, Shieh M, Khanna D, Terkeltaub R, Lee SJ, et al. Health care utilization in patients with gout. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2011;40:501-11.
17. Ferraz MB, O'Brien B. A cost effectiveness analysis of urate lowering drugs in nontophaceous recurrent gouty arthritis. J Rheumatol May. 1995;22:908-14.
18. Fels E, Sundy JS. Refractory gout: what is it and what to do about it? Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2008;20:198-202.
19. Zhang W, Doherty M, Bardin T, Pascual E, Barskova V, Conaghan P, et al. EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: Management. Report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:1312-24.
20. Khanna D, Fitzgerald JD, Khanna PP, Bae S, Singh MK, Neogi T, et al. American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64:1431-46.
21. Golub RM, Fontanarosa PB. Comparative effectiveness research: relative successes. JAMA. 2012;307:1643-5.
22. Rundles RW, Metz EN, Silberman HR. Allopurinol in the treatment of gout. Ann Intern Med. 1966;64:229-58.
23. Delbarre F, Amor B, Auscher C, de Gery A. Treatment of gout with allopurinol. A study of 106 cases. Ann Rheum Dis. 1966;25:627-33.
24. Sarawate CA, Patel PA, Schumacher HR, Yang W, Brewer KK, Bakst AW. Serum urate levels and gout flares: analysis from managed care data. J Clin Rheumatol. 2006;12:61-5.
25. Harrold LR, Andrade SE, Briesacher BA, Raebel MA, Fouayzi H, Yood RA, et al. Adherence with urate-lowering therapies for the treatment of gout. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11:R46.
26. Singh JA, Hodges JS, Asch SM. Opportunities for improving medication use and monitoring in gout. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:1265-70.
27. Febuxostat 40 mg and 80 mg NDA No. 21-856 Indication: treatment of hyperuricemia in patients with gout. Briefing document for Advisory Committee. Division of Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Rheumatology Products FDA Advisory Committee Meeting, 24 November 2008. http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/08/briefing/2008-4387b1-02-Takeda.pdf.
28. STROBE Statement. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology. Link: http://www.strobe-statement.org/fileadmin/Strobe/uploads/checklists/STROBE_checklist_v4_cohort.pdf. 2007. Accessed 09/06/2012.
29. Pandya BJ, Riedel AA, Swindle JP, Becker LK, Hariri A, Dabbous O, et al. Relationship between physician specialty and allopurinol prescribing patterns: a study of patients with gout in managed care settings. Curr Med Res Opin. 2011;27:737-44.
30. Medicare.gov: the official U.S. government site for Medicare. Available at: http://www.medicare.gov/sign-up-change-plans/medicare-health-plans/medicare-advantage-plans/medicare-advantage-plans.html. Accessed 11 August 2012.
31. Quan H, Sundararajan V, Halfon P, et al. Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data. Med Care. 2005;43:1130-9.
32. Annemans L, Spaepen E, Gaskin M, Bonnemaire M, Malier V, Gilbert T, et al. Gout in the UK and Germany: prevalence, comorbidities and management in general practice 2000-2005. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2008;67(7):960-966.
33. Becker MA, Schumacher Jr HR, Wortmann RL, MacDonald PA, Eustace D, Palo WA, et al. Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2450-61.
34. Primatesta P, Plana E, Rothenbacher D. Gout treatment and comorbidities: a retrospective cohort study in a large US managed care population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011;12:103.
35. Rothenbacher D, Primatesta P, Ferreira A, Cea-Soriano L, Rodriguez LA. Frequency and risk factors of gout flares in a large population-based cohort of incident gout. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50:973-81.
36. Sarawate CA, Brewer KK, Yang W, Patel PA, Schumacher HR, Saag KG, et al. Gout medication treatment patterns and adherence to standards of care from a managed care perspective. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006;81:925-34.
37. Rosenbaum PR, Rubin DB. The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika. 1983;70:41-55.
38. Schumacher Jr HR, Becker MA, Wortmann RL, Macdonald PA, Hunt B, Streit J, et al. Effects of febuxostat versus allopurinol and placebo in reducing serum urate in subjects with hyperuricemia and gout: a 28-week, phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59:1540-8.
39. Kim SC, Schmidt BM, Franklin JM, Liu J, Solomon DH, Schneeweiss S. Clinical and health care use characteristics of patients newly starting allopurinol, febuxostat, and colchicine for the treatment of gout. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65:2008-14.
40. A multicenter clinical trial of allopurinol to prevent kidney function loss in type 1 diabetes. http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02017171. 2013. Accessed 07/27/2014.
41. Singh JA, Hodges JS, Toscano JP, Asch SM. Quality of care for gout in the US needs improvement. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57:822-9.