Frequency, risk, and cost of gout-related episodes among the elderly: Does serum uric acid level matter?

Journal of Rheumatology

Volumn 36, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 1032-1040

  Wu, Eric Q ^a   Patel, Pankaj A ^d   Mody, Reema R ^b   Yu, Andrew P ^a   Cahill, Kevin E ^a   Tang, Jackson ^a   Krishnan, Eswar ^c  

^a ANALYSIS GROUP   (United States)

^b TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICALS   (United States)

^c STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d TAP PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Aging; Economics; Epidemiology; Gout

Indexed keywords

URIC ACID; ANTIGOUT AGENT;

AGED; ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DATA BASE; ELDERLY CARE; FEMALE; GOUT; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORBIDITY; PHARMACY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; URIC ACID BLOOD LEVEL; AGING; BLOOD; BLOOD ANALYSIS; ECONOMICS; HYPERURICEMIA; INSURANCE; PREVALENCE; RECURRENT DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES;

AGED; AGING; BLOOD CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; GOUT; GOUT SUPPRESSANTS; HEALTH EXPENDITURES; HUMANS; HYPERURICEMIA; INSURANCE CLAIM REVIEW; MALE; PREVALENCE; RECURRENCE; RISK FACTORS; UNITED STATES; URIC ACID;

EID: 67449091361     PISSN: 0315162X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.080487     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Kramer HM, Curhan G. The association between gout and nephrolithiasis: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1994. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;40:37-42.
2. Kim KY, Ralph SH, Hunsche E, Wertheimer AI, Kong SX. A literature review of the epidemiology and treatment of acute gout. Clin Ther 2003;25:1593-617.
3. Roubenoff R, Klag MJ, Mead LA, Liang KY, Seidler AJ, Hochberg MC. Incidence and risk factors for gout in white men. JAMA 1991;266:3004-7.
4. Wallace KL, Riedel AA, Joseph-Ridge N, Wortmann R. Increasing prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia over 10 years among older adults in a managed care population. J Rheumatol 2004;31:1582-7.
5. Choi HK, Mount DB, Reginato AM. Pathogenesis of gout. Ann Intern Med 2005;143:499-516.
6. Arromdee E, Michet CJ, Crowson CS, O'Fallon WM, Gabriel SE. Epidemiology of gout: is the incidence rising? J Rheumatol 2002;29:2403-6.
7. Harris CM, Lloyd DC, Lewis J. The prevalence and prophylaxis of gout in England. J Clin Epidemiol 1995;48:1153-8.
8. Klemp P, Stansfield SA, Castle B, Robertson MC. Gout is on the increase in New Zealand. Ann Rheum Dis 1997;56:22-6.
9. Mikuls TR, Saag KG. New insights into gout epidemiology. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2006;18:199-203.
10. Wortmann RL. Gout and hyperuricemia. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2002;14:281-6.
11. Emmerson BT. The management of gout. N Engl J Med 1996;334:445-51.
12. Rott KT, Agudelo CA. Gout. JAMA 2003;289:2857-60.
13. Terkeltaub RA. Clinical practice. Gout. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1647-55.
14. Campion EW, Glynn RJ, DeLabry LO. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia: Risks and consequences in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Med 1987;82:421-6.
15. Krishnan E, Lienesch D, Kwoh CK. Gout in ambulatory care settings in the United States. J Rheumatol 2008;35:498-501.
16. Shoji A, Yamanaka H, Kamatani N. A retrospective study of the relationship between serum urate level and recurrent attacks of gouty arthritis: evidence for reduction of recurrent gouty arthritis with antihyperuricemic therapy. Arthritis Rheum 2004;51:321-5.
17. Sarawate CA, Patel PA, Schumacher HR, Yang W, Brewer KK, Bakst AW. Serum urate levels and gout flares: analysis from managed care data. J Clin Rheumatol 2006;12:61-5.
18. Brixner DI, Ho MJ. Clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes of gout. Am J Managed Care 2005;11:459-64.
19. Wu EQ, Patel PA, Yu AP, et al. Disease-related and all-cause health care costs of elderly patients with gout. J Manag Care Pharm 2008;14:164-75.
20. Ferraz MB, O'Brien B. A cost effectiveness analysis of urate lowering drugs in nontophaceous recurrent gouty arthritis. J Rheumatol 1995;22:908-14.
21. Issa MM, Fenter TC, Black L, Grogg AL, Kruep EJ. An assessment of the diagnosed prevalence of diseases in men 50 years of age or older. Am J Managed Care 2006;12:S83-S89.
22. Cantrell CR, Eaddy MT, Shah MB, Regan TS, Sokol MC. Methods for evaluating patient adherence to antidepressant therapy - A real-world comparison of adherence and economic outcomes. Med Care 2006;44:300-3.
23. Di Santostefano RL, Biddle AK, Lavelle JP. The long-term cost effectiveness of treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Pharmacoeconomics 2006;24:171-91.
24. Katon W, Cantrell CR, Sokol MC, Chiao E, Gdovin JM. Impact of antidepressant on comorbid medication drug adherence use and resource utilization. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:2497-503.
25. The International classification of diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification. 4th ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 1991.
26. Healthcare common procedure coding system, medical national level II codes, 2007. Los Angeles: Practice Management Information Corp.; 2006.
27. Current procedure terminology 2007, standard edition. Washington, DC: American Medical Association; 2006.
28. Harris MD, Siegel LB, Alloway JA. Gout and hyperuricemia. Am Fam Physician 1999;59:925-34.
29. Hershfield MS. Gout and uric acid metabolism. In: Bennett JS, Plum F, editors. Cecil textbook of medicine. 20th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 1996:1508-15.
30. Reginato AJ. Gout and other crystal arthropathies. In: Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, et al, editors. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 16th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2005.
31. IHCIS national managed care benchmark database user manual. Waltham, MA: Integrated Healthcare Information Services, Inc.; 2005.
32. Li-Yu J, Clayburne G, Sieck M, et al. Treatment of chronic gout. Can we determine when urate stores are depleted enough to prevent attacks of gout? J Rheumatol 2001;28:577-80.
33. Zhang W, Doherty M, Bardin T, et al. EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: Management. Report of a task force of the EULAR Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65:1312-24.
34. Deyo RA, Cherkin DC, Ciol MA. Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:613-9.
35. Van Doornum S, Ryan PF. Clinical manifestations of gout and their management. Med J Aust 2000;172:493-7.
36. Wortmann RL. Recent advances in the management of gout and hyperuricemia. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2005;17:319-24.
37. Harrold LR, Saag KG, Yood RA, et al. Validity of gout diagnoses in administrative data. Arthritis Care Res 2007;57:103-8.